Incorporating lag effects in register-based age-of-onset distributions in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Research

Volumn 20, Issue 1-2, 1996, Pages 125-132

  Welham, Joy L ^a   Pemberton, Michael R ^b   McGrath, John J ^a  

^a WOLSTON PARK HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b NONE

Author keywords

age of onset; data transformation; gender differences; psychiatric epidemiology; schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MATHEMATICS; MODEL; ONSET AGE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 0030152178     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0920-9964(95)00087-9     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Angermeyer, M.C. and Kühn, L. (1988) Gender differences in age at onset of schizophrenia; an overview. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Neurol. Sci. 237, 351-364.
2. Beiser, M., Erickson, D., Fleming, J.A.E. and Iacono, W.G. (1993) Establishing the onset of psychotic illness. Am. J. Psychiatry 150, 9, 1349-1354.
3. Bellodi, L., Morabito, A., Macciardi, F., Gasperini, M., Benvenuto, M.G., Grassi, G., Marzorati-Spairani, C. and Smeraldi, E. (1982) Analytic considerations about observed distribution of age of onset in schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology 8, 93-101.
4. Bland, R.C., Newman, S.C. and Orn, H. (1988) Age of onset of psychiatric disorders. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 77 (Suppl. 338), 43-49.
5. Castle, D.J. and Murray, R.M. (1991) The Neurodevelopmental basis of sex differences in schizophrenia. Psychol. Med. 21, 565-575.
6. Crow, T.J. and Done, D.J. (1986) Age of onset of schizophrenia in siblings: a test of the contagion hypothesis. Psychiatry Res. 18, 107-117.
7. Delisi, L.E. et al. (1987) Clinical features of illness in siblings with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 44, 891-896.
8. DeLisi, L.E. (1992) The significance of age of onset for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bull. 18(2), 209-216.
9. Folnegovic-Smalc, V., Folnegovic, Z. and Kulcar, Z. (1990) Age of disease onset in Croatia's hospitalised schizophrenics. Br. J. Psychiatry 156, 368-372.
10. Galdos, P.M., van Os, J.J. and Murray, R.M. (1993) Puberty and the onset of psychosis. Schizophrenia Res. 10, 7-14.
11. Gam, J. (1980) A 5-year retrospective investigation of all first admitted schizophrenics to Danish psychiatric institutions in the fiscal year from April 1st, 1970, to April 1st, 1971. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 72 (Suppl. 285), 332-336.
12. Gureje, O. (1991) Gender and schizophrenia: age at onset and sociodemographic attributes. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 83, 402-405.
13. Häfner, H., Behrens, S., de Vry, J. and Gattaz, W. (1991) Oestradiol enhances the vulnerability threshold for schizophrenia in women by an early effect on dopaminergic neurotransmission. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 241, 65-68.
14. Häfner, H. and Maurer, K. (1991) Are there two types of schizophrenia? True onset and sequence of positive and negative syndromes prior to first admission. In: A. Marneros, N.C. Andreasen and M.T. Tsuang (Eds.), Negative Versus Positive Schizophrenia. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 134-159.
15. Häfner, H., Maurer, K., Löffler, W. and Riecher-Rössler, A. (1993a) The influence of age and sex on the onset and early-course of schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 162, 80-86.
16. Häfner, H., Riecher, A., Maurer, K., Löffler, W., Munk-Jørgensen, P. and Strömgren, E. (1989) How does gender influence age at first hospitalisation for schizophrenia? A transnational case register study. Psychol. Med. 19, 903-918.
17. Häfner, H., Riecher-Rössler, A., Hambrecht, M., Maurer, K., Meissner, S., Schmidtke, A., Fätkenheuer, B., Löffler, W. and van der Heiden, W. (1992) IRAOS; an instrument for the assessment of onset and early course of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Res. 6, 209-223.
18. Häfner, H. et al. (1993b) Generating an testing a causal explanation of the gender difference in age at first onset of schizophrenia, Psychol. Med. 23, 925-940.
19. Häfner, H., Maurer, K., Löffler, W., Fätkenheuer, B., van der Heiden, W., Reicher-Rössler, A., Behrens, S. and Gattaz, W.F. (1994) The Epidemiology of early schizophrenia; influence of age and gender on onset and early course. Br. J. Psychiatry 164 (Suppl. 23), 23-38.
20. Haas, G.L. and Sweeney, J.A. (1992) Premorbid and onset features of first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bull. 18, 373-386.
21. Howells, J.G. and Guirguis, W.R. (1984) Childhood Schizophrenia 20 years later. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 41, 123-128.
22. Kendler, K.S., Tsuang, M.T. and Hays, P. (1987) Age of onset in schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 44, 881-890.
23. Leboyer, M., Filteau, M.-J., Jay, M., Campion, D., d'Amato, T., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Hillaire, D., Feingold, J., des Lauriers, A. and Widlöcher, D. (1991) Clinical subtypes and age at onset in schizophrenic siblings. Psychiatry Res. 41, 107-114.
24. Leventhal, D.B., Schuck, J.R. and Rothstein, H. (1984) Gender Differences in Schizophrenia. J. Nerv. Mental Disorders 172, 464-467.
25. Lewine, R.J. (1980) Sex differences in age of symptom onset and first hospitalisation in Schizophrenia. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 50, 316-322.
26. Lewine, R.J., Strauss, J.S. and Gift, T.E. (1981) Sex Differences in age at first hospital admission for schizophrenia: fact or artefact? Am. J. Psychiatry 138, 4, 440-444.
27. Loebel, A.D., Lieberman, J.A., Alvir, J.M.J., Mayerhoff, D.I., Geisler, S.H. and Szymanski, S.R. (1992) Duration of psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 149, 1183-1188.
28. Loranger, A.W. (1984) Sex difference in age at onset of schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 41, 157-161.
29. Mayer, C., Kelterborn, G. and Naber, D. (1993) Age of onset in schizophrenia: relations to psychopathology and gender. Br. J. Psychiatry 162, 665-671.
30. Nyman, A.K. (1978) Non-regressive schizophrenia: clinical course and outcome. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. (Suppl.) 272, 5-143.
31. Petty, L.K., Ornitz, E.M., Michelman, J.D. and Zimmerman, E.G. (1984) Autistic children who become schizophrenic. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 41, 129-135.
32. Pulver, A.E., Brown, C.H., Wolyniec, P., McGrath, J., Tam, D., Adler, L., Carpenter, W.T, and Childs, B. (1990) Schizophrenia: age at onset, gender and familial risk. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 82, 344-351.
33. Riecher, A., Maurer, W., Löffler, W., Fätkenheuer, W., van der Heiden, W. and Häfner, H. (1989) Schizophrenia - a disease of young single males? Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Neurol. Sci. 239, 210-212.
34. Rohde, A., Marneros, A. and Deister, A. (1991) Premorbid and sociodemographic features of patients with initial positive and negative symptomatology. In: A. Marneros, N.C. Andreasen, M.T. Tsuang (Eds.), Negative Versus Positive Schizophrenia. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 197-207.
35. Strömgren, E. (1987) Changes in the incidence of schizophrenia? Br. J. Psychiatry 150, 1-7.
36. Symbolic Computation Group (1994) MAPLE V Release 3, Waterloo Maple Software, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
37. Torrey, E.F. (1989) The epidemiology of schizophrenia: questions needing answers. In: S.C. Schuliz and C.A. Tamminga (Eds.), Schizophrenia: Scientific Progress. Oxford University Press, NY, pp. 45-51.