Indoor climate labeling of building materials: The experimental approach for a prototype

ASTM Special Technical Publication

Volumn 1287, Issue , 1996, Pages 331-349

  Wolkoff, Peder ^a   Nielsen, Peter A ^b  

^a NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT   (Denmark)

^b AALBORG UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Building materials; Comfort evaluation; Emission testing; Labeling; Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Indexed keywords

AIR QUALITY; BUILDING MATERIALS; LABELING; PARTICULATE EMISSIONS; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

COMFORT EVALUATION; EMISSION TESTING; INDOOR CLIMATE LABELING;

INDOOR AIR POLLUTION;

EID: 0030149908     PISSN: 00660558     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1520/stp15631s     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Andersen, I., Seedorff, L., and Skov, A., "A Strategy for Reduction of Toxic Indoor Emissions," Environment International, 1982, Vol. 8, pp. 11-16.
2. Jayjock, M. A., "Back Pressure Modeling of Indoor Air Concentrations From Volatilizing Sources," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol. 55, 1995, pp. 230-235.
3. Levin, H., "Controlling Sources of Indoor Air Pollution," Chemical, Microbiological, Health and Comfort Aspects of Indoor Air Quality - State of the Art in SBS, H. Knoppel and P. Wolkoff, Eds., Kluwer Academic Dordrecht Publishers, 1992, pp. 321-341.
4. Tucker, W. G., "Emission of Organic Substances from Indoor Surface Materials," Environment International, Vol. 17, 1991, pp. 357-363.
5. World Health Organization, "Indoor Air Quality: Organic Pollutants," EURO Reports and Studies No. 111, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, 1989.
6. Nielsen, P. A. et al., "Health-Related Evaluation of Building Products Based on Climate Chamber Tests," Indoor Air, Vol. 4, 1994, pp. 146-153.
7. Wolkoff, P. and Nielsen, P. A., "Indoor Climate Labeling of Building Materials - Chemical Emission Testing, Long-Term Modeling, and Indoor Relevant Odor Thresholds," National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1993, pp. 1-81.
8. Danish Standard, "Direction for Determination and Evaluation of the Emission from Building Products," Hellerup, Dansk Standard, 1994, pp. 1-38 (in Danish).
9. Girman, J. R., "Simple Modeling to Determine Appropriate Operating Conditions for Emission Testing in Small Chambers," Modeling of Indoor Air Quality and Exposure, ASTM STP 1205, N. L. Nagda, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, pp. 145-148.
10. Berglund, B. and Lindvall, T., "Theory and Method of Sensory Evaluation of Complex Gas Mixtures," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 641, 1992, pp. 277-293.
11. Cometto-Muñiz, J. E. and Cain, W. S., "Influence of Airborne Contaminants on Olfaction and the Common Chemical Sense," Smell and Taste in Health and Disease, T. V. Getchell et al., Eds., Raven Press, New York, 1991, pp. 765-785.
12. Wolkoff, P. et al., "Field and Laboratory Emission Cell: FLEC," Healthy Buildings '91, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, 1991, pp. 160-165.
13. Wolkoff, P., Clausen, P. A., and Nielsen, P. A., "Application of Field and Laboratory Emission Cell FLEC - Performance Study, Intercomparison Study, and Case Study of Damaged Linoleum," Indoor Air, Vol. 5, 1995, pp. 196-203.
14. Gunnarsen, L., Nielsen, P. A., and Wolkoff, P., "Design and Characterization of the CLIMPAQ, Chamber for Laboratory Investigations of Materials, Pollution and Air Quality," Indoor Air, Vol. 4, 1994, pp. 56-62.
15. Clausen, P. A., Wolkoff, P., Holst, E., and Nielsen, P. A., "Long Term Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Waterborne Paints. Methods of Comparison," Indoor Air, Vol. 1, 1991, pp. 562-576.
16. Dunn, J. E. and Tichenor, B. A., "Compensating for Sink Effects in Emission Test Chambers by Mathematical Modeling," Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 22, 1988, pp. 885-894.
17. Wolkoff, P., Clausen, P. A., Nielsen, P. A., and Gunnarsen, L., "Documentation of Field and Laboratory Emission Cell FLEC - Identification of Emission Processes from Carpet, Lineoleum, Paint, and Sealant by Modeling," Indoor Air, Vol. 3, 1993, pp. 291-297.
18. Clausen, P. A., Lauersen, B., Wolkoff, P., Rasmusen, E., and Nielsen, P. A., "Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from a Vinyl Floor Covering," Modeling of Indoor Air Quality and Exposure, ASTM STP 1205, N. L. Nagda et al., Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, pp. 3-13.
19. Devos, M. et al., Standardized Human Olfactory Thresholds, IRL Press at Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990, pp. 1-165.
20. Schaper, M., "Development of a Database for Sensory Irritants and its Use in Establishing Occupational Exposure Limits," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol. 54, 1993, pp. 488-544.
21. Bos, P. M. J., Zwart, A., Reuzel, P. G. J., and Bragt, P. C., "Evaluation of the Sensory Irritation Test for the Assessment of Occupational Health Risk," CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology, Vol. 21, 1992, pp. 423-463.
22. Nielsen, G. D., Alarie, Y., Poulsen, O. M. and Andersen Nexø, B., "Possible Mechanisms for the Respiratory Tract of Noncarcinogenic Indoor-Climate Pollutants and Bases for Their Risk Assessment," Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, Vol. 21, 1995, pp. 165-178.
23. Verhoeff, A. P., Suk, J., and Van Wijnen, J. H., "Residential Indoor Air Contamination by Screen Printing Plants," International Archives of Occupational Environmental Health, Vol. 60, 1988, pp. 201-209.
24. Singhvi, R., Lafornara, J., and Turpin, R., "A Case Study of Indoor Air Quality Investigation at Environmental Response Team Offices," Proceedings, Indoor Air '93, Vol. 2, 1993, pp. 105-109.
25. Hodgson, A. T., Wooley, J. D., and Daisey, J. M., "Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from New Carpets Measured in a Large Scale Environmental Chamber," Journal of Air Waste Management Association, Vol. 43, 1993, pp. 316-324.
26. Gehrig, R., Hill, M., Zellweger, C., and Hofer, P., "Emissionen organischer Verbindungen aus Baumaterialen," Chimia, Vol. 48, 1994, pp. 206-212.
27. Cometto-Muñiz, J. E. and Cain, W. S., "Efficacy of Volatile Organic Compounds in Evoking Nasal Pungency and Odor," Archives of Environmental Health, Vol. 48, 1993, pp. 309-314.
28. Patterson, M. Q., Stevens, J. C., Cain, W. S., and Cometto-Muñiz, J. E., "Detection Thresholds for an Olfactory Mixture and its Three Constituent Compounds," Chemical Senses, Vol. 18, 1993, pp. 723-734.
29. Wolkoff, P. and Nielsen, P. A., "Indeklimamærkning af byggevarer. Del 2: Faglig og teknisk dokumentation af en prototypeordning," SBI-rapport 237, Hørsholm 1993, pp. 1-90.
30. Wolkoff, P. and Nielsen, P. A., "A New Approach for Indoor Climate Labeling of Building Materials - Emission Testing, Modeling, and Comfort Evaluation," Atmospheric Environment/ Urban Atmosphere, Vol. 30, 1996, in press.
31. Hawkins, N. C., Luedtke, A. E., Mitchell, C. R., LoMenzo, J. A., and Black, M. S., "Effects of Selected Process Parameters on Emission Rates of Volatile Organic Chemicals from Carpet," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol. 53, 1992, pp. 275-282.
32. Quo, Z., "On Validation of Source and Sink Models: Problems and Possible Solutions," Modeling of Indoor Air Quality and Exposure, ASTM STP 1205, N. L. Nagda et al., Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, pp. 131-144.
33. Wolkoff, P., "The Relevance of Long-term Emission Testing of VOCs from Building Products," Proceedings, Healthy Buildings '94, Vol. 3, 1994, pp. 207-212.
34. Jensen, B., Wolkoff, P., and Wilkins, C. K., "Characterization of Linoleum - Identification of Oxidative Emission Processes," Characterizing Sources of Indoor Air Pollution and Related Sink Effects, ASTM STP 1287, B. A. Tichenor, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, 1996, pp. 132-145.
35. Sollinger, S., Levsen, K., and Wünsch, G., "Indoor Air Pollution by Organic Emissions from Textile Floor Coverings. I: Climate Chamber Studies under Static Conditions," Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 28, 1994, pp. 2369-2378.
36. Rowe, V. K. and Wolf, M. A., "Glycols," Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 3rd revised edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1982, Vol. IIC, pp. 3817-3908.
37. US Environmental Protection Agency, Indoor Air Quality Database File - Organic Compounds.
38. Nitschke, K. D., Mizell, M. J., Beekman, M. J., and Lomax, L. G., "Dermal Sensitization Potential and Inhalation Toxicological Evaluation of 4-Phenylcyclohexene," Occupational Medicine, Vol. 44, 1991, pp. 201-204.
39. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, eighth edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1993.
40. ™ Ester-Alcohol (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate)," Eastman Chemicals Publication No. M-158E, 1981.