Spatial Orienting Controlled without Awareness: A Semantically Based Implicit Learning Effect

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 490-518

  Lambert, Anthony J ^a   Sumich, Alexander L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; ATTENTION; AWARENESS; DEPTH PERCEPTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEARNING; MALE; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PSYCHOPHYSICS; READING; SEMANTICS; VISUAL FIELD;

ADULT; ATTENTION; AWARENESS; CUES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PSYCHOPHYSICS; READING; SEMANTICS; SPACE PERCEPTION; VERBAL LEARNING; VISUAL FIELDS;

EID: 0030139921     PISSN: 02724987     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/713755621     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Allport, A. (1989). Visual attention. In M.I. Posner, Foundations of Cognitive Science (pp. 631-682). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
2. Berry, D., & Dienes, Z. (1991). The relationship between implicit memory and implicit learning. British Journal of Psychology, 82, 359-373.
3. Berry, D., & Dienes, Z. (1993). Implicit learning: Theoretical and empirical issues. Hove, Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd.
4. Bright, J., & Burton, A. (1994). Past midnight: Semantic processing in an implicit learning task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47A, 71-90.
5. Cheal, M., & Lyon, D. (1991). Central and peripheral precueing of forced choice discrimination. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 43A, 859-880.
6. Cohen, A., Ivry, B., & Keele, S. (1990). Attention and structure in sequence learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning Memory and Cognition, 16, 17-30.
7. Jonides, J. (1981). Control over the mind's eye's movement. In J. Long & A. Baddeley (Eds.), Attention and performance IX (pp. 187-203). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
8. Kingstone, A. (1992). Combining expectancies. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44A, 69-104.
9. Kingstone, A., & Klein, R. (1991). Combining shape and position expectancies: Hierarchical processing and selective inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 17, 512-519.
10. Kinsbourne, M. (1975). The mechanisms of hemispheric control of the lateral gradient of attention. In P.M.A. Rabbitt & S. Domic (Eds.), Attention and performance V. New York: Academic Press.
11. Lambert, A.J. (1987). Expecting different categories at different locations and spatial selective attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39A, 61-76.
12. Lambert, A.J., Beard, C.T., & Thompson, R.J. (1988). Selective attention, visual laterality, awareness and perceiving the meaning of parafoveally presented words. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40A, 615-652.
13. Lambert, A.J., & Corban, R. (1992). Spatial expectancy for category, colour and location: further evidence against the spot-light view of spatial attention. Acta Psychologica, 81, 39-51.
14. Lambert, A.J., & Hockey, G.R.J. (1986). Selective attention and performance with a multi-dimensional visual display. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 12, 484-495.
15. Lambert, A.J., Naikar, N., & Aitken, V. (submitted). A new component of orienting I: Effects of peripheral information and sub-threshold cues on covert attention.
16. Lambert, A.J., & Voot, N. (1993). A left visual field bias for semantic encoding of unattended words. Neuropsychologia, 31, 67-73.
17. Lewicki, P. (1986). Non-conscious social information processing. London: Academic Press.
18. Lewicki, P., Hill, T., & Bizot, E. (1988). Acquisition of procedural knowledge about a pattern of stimuli that cannot be articulated. Cognitive Psychology, 20, 24-37.
19. MacLeod, C., Matthews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 15-20.
20. Maylor, E.A. (1985). Facilitatory and inhibitory components of orienting in visual space. In M. Posner & O. Marin (Eds.), Attention and performance XI (pp. 189-294). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
21. Miller, J. (1987). Priming is not necessary for selective-attention failures: Semantic effects of unattended, unprimed letters. Perception and Psychophysics, 41, 419-434.
22. Miller, J. (1992). Reaction time analysis with outlier exclusion: Bias varies with sample size. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 43A, 907-912.
23. Mondor, T., & Bryden, M.P. (1992). On the relation between visual spatial attention and visual field asymmetries. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44A, 529-556.
24. Muller, H., & Rabbitt, P.M.A. (1989). Reflexive and voluntary orienting of visual attention: Time course of activation and resistance to interruption. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 15, 315-330.
25. Nisbett, R., & Wilson, T. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231-259.
26. Nissen, M.J., & Bullemer, P. (1987). Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures. Cognitive Psychology, 19, 1-32.
27. Paquet, L., & Lortie, C. (1990). Evidence for early selection: Precuing target location reduces interference from same category distractors. Perception and Psychophysics, 48, 382-388.
28. Posner, M.I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 3-25.
29. Posner, M.I., & Cohen, Y. (1984). Components of visual orienting. In H. Bouma & D. Bouwhuis (Eds.), Attention and performance X (pp. 531-555). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
30. Posner, M.I., Cohen, Y., Choate, L., Hockey, G.R.J., & Maylor, E.A. (1984). Sustained concentration: Passive filtering or active orienting? In S. Kornblum & J. Requin (Eds.), Preparatory states and processes (pp. 49-65). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
31. Posner, M.I., Nissen, M.J. & Ogden, W.C. (1978). Attended and unattended processing modes: The role of set for spatial location. In H. Pick & I. Saltzman (Eds.), Modes of perceiving and processing information (pp. 137-157). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
32. Posner, M.I., Rafal, R., Choate, L., & Vaughan, J. (1985). Inhibition of return: Neural basis and function. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 2, 211-228.
33. Quinlan, P. (1992). The Oxford psycholinguistic database. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
34. Reber, A.S. (1976). Implicit learning of synthetic languages: The role of instructional set. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 2, 88-94.
35. Reber, A.S. (1989). Implicit learning and tacit knowledge. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 219-235.
36. Reber, A.S., Allen, R., & Regan, S. (1985). Syntactic learning and judgements: Still unconscious and still abstract. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 17-24.
37. Schacter, D. (1987). Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 13, 501-518.
38. Shanks, D., & St. John, M. (1994). Characteristics of dissociable learning systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17, 367-447.
39. Stadler, M.A. (1992). Statistical structure and implicit serial learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 18, 318-327.