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1
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0029115663
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Community-acquired pneumonia: Impact of immune status
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Mundy LM, Auwaerter PG, Oldach D, Warner ML, Burton A, Vance E, Gaydos CA, Joseph JM, Gopalan R, Moore RD, et al.: Community-acquired pneumonia: impact of immune status. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995, 152:1309-1315. Extensive study demonstrating the increasing role of immunocompromised status in CAP. Twenty percent of HIV-infected patients were newly diagnosed on admission. Non-HIV immunocompromise occurred in 11% while 77% of immunocompetent patients had underlying diseases or high-risk behaviors that would place them at high risk for unusual agents.
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Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.152
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Mundy, L.M.1
Auwaerter, P.G.2
Oldach, D.3
Warner, M.L.4
Burton, A.5
Vance, E.6
Gaydos, C.A.7
Joseph, J.M.8
Gopalan, R.9
Moore, R.D.10
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2
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0026503981
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Microbial etiology of acute pneumonia in hospitalized patients
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Bates JH, Campbell GD, Barron AL, McCracken GA, Morgan PN, Moses EB, Davis CM: Microbial etiology of acute pneumonia in hospitalized patients. Chest 1992, 101:1005-1012.
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Chest
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Bates, J.H.1
Campbell, G.D.2
Barron, A.L.3
McCracken, G.A.4
Morgan, P.N.5
Moses, E.B.6
Davis, C.M.7
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3
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0029392570
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Guidelines for initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: Savory recipe or cookbook for disaster?
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Fein AM, Niederman MS: Guidelines for initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: savory recipe or cookbook for disaster? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995, 152:1149-1153. Editorial discussing the issues and controversies raised by the American Thoracic Society guidelines on CAP.
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Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.152
, pp. 1149-1153
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Fein, A.M.1
Niederman, M.S.2
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4
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0028788224
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Justifying the use of blood cultures when diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia
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Berk SL: Justifying the use of blood cultures when diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia [editorial]. Chest 1995, 108:891-892. Editorial with cogent and impassioned argument for improved diagnostic testing for CAP rather than more empiric therapy.
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Chest
, vol.108
, pp. 891-892
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Berk, S.L.1
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5
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0028029545
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A criterion based audit of community-acquired pneumonia
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May HM, Harison TS, Harrison BDW: A criterion based audit of community-acquired pneumonia. Respir Med 1994, 88:693-696. Increased compliance with the diagnostic algorithm did not increase microbiologic diagnosis.
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Respir Med
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May, H.M.1
Harison, T.S.2
Harrison, B.D.W.3
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6
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0028819740
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The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized patients during a Chlamydia pneumonias epidemic in Finland
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Kauppinen MT, Herva E, Kujala P, Leinonen M, Saikku P, Syrjälä: The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized patients during a Chlamydia pneumonias epidemic in Finland. J Infect Dis 1995, 172:1330-1335. There was an extremely high percentage (88%) of etiologic diagnoses resulting from extensive serologic testing, and a very high incidence of polymicrobial CAP in this Finnish study.
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J Infect Dis
, vol.172
, pp. 1330-1335
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Kauppinen, M.T.1
Herva, E.2
Kujala, P.3
Leinonen, M.4
Saikku, P.5
Syrjälä6
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7
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0028889934
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A five-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on prognosis in patients admitted to an intensive care unit
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Leroy O, Santré C, Beuscart C, Georges H, Guery B, Jacquier JM, Beaucaire G: A five-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on prognosis in patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 1995, 21:24-31. The etiologic diagnosis possible by culture techniques in more than 60% of patients with severe CAP was probably related to a higher incidence of positive blood cultures, a higher yield of tracheal aspirates in intubated patients compared with expectorated sputum, and a shift in the spectrum of organisms to more S. aureus and gram-negatives.
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Intensive Care Med
, vol.21
, pp. 24-31
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Leroy, O.1
Santré, C.2
Beuscart, C.3
Georges, H.4
Guery, B.5
Jacquier, J.M.6
Beaucaire, G.7
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8
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0028826346
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Clinical utility of blood cultures in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia without defined underlying risks
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Chalasani NP, Valdecanas MAL, Gopal AK, McGowan JE, Jurado RL: Clinical utility of blood cultures in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia without defined underlying risks. Chest 1995, 108:932-936. Documents the very low diagnostic yield of blood cultures in CAP patients without high-risk factors. Few positive cultures led to antibiotic therapy changes and cost was impressive.
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(1995)
Chest
, vol.108
, pp. 932-936
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Chalasani, N.P.1
Valdecanas, M.A.L.2
Gopal, A.K.3
McGowan, J.E.4
Jurado, R.L.5
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9
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0028873515
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Diagnosis of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia by amplification of pneumolysin gene fragment in serum
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Salo P, Örtqvist Å, Leinonen M: Diagnosis of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia by amplification of pneumolysin gene fragment in serum. J Infect Dis 1995, 171:479-482. The polymerase chain reaction assay for pneumolysin may be able to detect as few as 10 organisms. There was a 100% correlation with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia but 6% false-positives in healthy elderly patients.
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J Infect Dis
, vol.171
, pp. 479-482
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Salo, P.1
Örtqvist, Å.2
Leinonen, M.3
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10
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0029114857
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The polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis and evaluation of pulmonary infections
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Schlugar NW, Rom WN: The polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis and evaluation of pulmonary infections. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995, 152:11-16.
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(1995)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.152
, pp. 11-16
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Schlugar, N.W.1
Rom, W.N.2
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11
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0029051191
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Efficacy, safety, and therapeutic relevance of transthoracic aspiration with ultrathin needle in nonventilated nosocomial pneumonia
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Dorca J, Manresa F, Esteban L, Barreiro B, Prats E, Ariza J, Verdaguer R, Gudiol F: Efficacy, safety, and therapeutic relevance of transthoracic aspiration with ultrathin needle in nonventilated nosocomial pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995, 151:1491-1496. Transthoracic needle aspiration had a sensitivity of 60.9%, which led to therapeutic changes in 30% of patients. This is one of the best studies in nonventilated nosocomial pneumonia.
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(1995)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.151
, pp. 1491-1496
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Dorca, J.1
Manresa, F.2
Esteban, L.3
Barreiro, B.4
Prats, E.5
Ariza, J.6
Verdaguer, R.7
Gudiol, F.8
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12
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0028854175
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Influence of three factors on the diagnostic effectiveness of transthoracic needle aspiration in pneumonia
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Zalacain R, Llorente JL, Gaztelurrutia L, Pijoan JI, Sobradillo V: Influence of three factors on the diagnostic effectiveness of transthoracic needle aspiration in pneumonia. Chest 1995, 107:96-100. Documents the adverse effect of prior antibiotics and operator inexperience on yield of transthoracic needle aspirates. The yield was also much better in lobar infiltrates.
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(1995)
Chest
, vol.107
, pp. 96-100
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Zalacain, R.1
Llorente, J.L.2
Gaztelurrutia, L.3
Pijoan, J.I.4
Sobradillo, V.5
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13
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0029055820
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Diagnostic tests for pneumonia in ventilated patients: Prospective evaluation of diagnostic accuracy using histology as a diagnostic gold standard
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Marquette CH, Copin MC, Wallet F, Neviere R, Saulnier F, Mathieu D, Durocher A, Ramon P, Tonnel AB: Diagnostic tests for pneumonia in ventilated patients: prospective evaluation of diagnostic accuracy using histology as a diagnostic gold standard. Am J Respir Crit Med 1995, 151:1878-1888. Autopsy data from 28 patients was compared with quantitative cultures of respiratory secretions collected by bronchoscopy or endotracheal aspiration. This study differed from prior similar reports because the incidence of pneumonia was high (67%), autopsies included central as well as peripheral biopsies, and all quantitative cultures were collected within 3 days prior to death rather than postmortem. The sensitivities of endotracheal aspirates, PSB, and bronchoalveolar lavage compared with autopsy diagnosis of pneumonia, were 55%, 57%, and 47%, respectively.
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(1995)
Am J Respir Crit Med
, vol.151
, pp. 1878-1888
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Marquette, C.H.1
Copin, M.C.2
Wallet, F.3
Neviere, R.4
Saulnier, F.5
Mathieu, D.6
Durocher, A.7
Ramon, P.8
Tonnel, A.B.9
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14
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0028967903
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Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
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Meduri GU: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Clin Chest Med 1995, 16:61-94.
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(1995)
Clin Chest Med
, vol.16
, pp. 61-94
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Meduri, G.U.1
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15
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0028910753
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Diagnostic imaging of pneumonia and its complications in the critically ill patient
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Rubin SA, Winer-Muram HT, Ellis JV: Diagnostic imaging of pneumonia and its complications in the critically ill patient. Clin Chest Med 1995, 16:45-60.
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Clin Chest Med
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, pp. 45-60
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Rubin, S.A.1
Winer-Muram, H.T.2
Ellis, J.V.3
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16
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0026738429
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Nosocomial bronchopneumonia in the critically ill: Histologic and bacteriologic aspects
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Rouby JJ, DeLassale EM, Poete P, Nicolas MH, Bodin L, Jarlier V, LeCharpentier Y, Grosset J, Viars P: Nosocomial bronchopneumonia in the critically ill: histologic and bacteriologic aspects. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992, 148:1059-1066.
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Am Rev Respir Dis
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Rouby, J.J.1
DeLassale, E.M.2
Poete, P.3
Nicolas, M.H.4
Bodin, L.5
Jarlier, V.6
LeCharpentier, Y.7
Grosset, J.8
Viars, P.9
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17
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0021710220
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Prospective evaluation of the protected specimen brush for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in ventilated patients
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Chastre J, Viau F, Brun P, Pierre J, Dauge MC, Bouchama A, Akesbi A, Gibert C: Prospective evaluation of the protected specimen brush for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in ventilated patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984, 130:924-929.
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Am Rev Respir Dis
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Chastre, J.1
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Brun, P.3
Pierre, J.4
Dauge, M.C.5
Bouchama, A.6
Akesbi, A.7
Gibert, C.8
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18
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0028091355
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Validation of different techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: Comparison with immediate postmortem pulmonary biopsy
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Torres A, El-Ebiary M, Padro L, Gonzales J, Puig De La Bellacasa J, Ramirez J, Xaubet A, Ferrer M, Rodriguez-Roisin R: Validation of different techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: comparison with immediate postmortem pulmonary biopsy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994, 149:324-331.
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Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.149
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Torres, A.1
El-Ebiary, M.2
Padro, L.3
Gonzales, J.4
Puig De La Bellacasa, J.5
Ramirez, J.6
Xaubet, A.7
Ferrer, M.8
Rodriguez-Roisin, R.9
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19
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0029153763
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Evaluation of bronchoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia
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Chastre J, Fagon JY, Bornet-Lecso M, Calvat S, Dombret MC, Khani R, Basset F, Gibert C: Evaluation of bronchoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995, 152:231-240. There was a high correlation between quantitative cultures of PSB and bronchoalveolar lavage to postmortem quantitative lung cultures and histology in patients with no previous pneumonia and no recent change in antibiotics. The presence of intracellular organisms is virtually diagnostic.
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(1995)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.152
, pp. 231-240
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Chastre, J.1
Fagon, J.Y.2
Bornet-Lecso, M.3
Calvat, S.4
Dombret, M.C.5
Khani, R.6
Basset, F.7
Gibert, C.8
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20
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0028967902
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The pathology of nosocomial pneumonia
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Coalson JJ: The pathology of nosocomial pneumonia. Clin Chest Med 1995, 16:13-28.
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(1995)
Clin Chest Med
, vol.16
, pp. 13-28
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Coalson, J.J.1
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21
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0029126151
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Pulmonary infection during the acute respiratory syndrome
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Sutherland KR, Steinberg KP, Maunder RJ, Milberg JA, Allen DL, Hudson LD: Pulmonary infection during the acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995, 152:550-556. There was a lower than expected incidence of bronchoscopic culture proof of pneumonia in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome when sampled at preset time intervals rather than by clinical indications. A high percentage of patients were taking antibiotics already.
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(1995)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.152
, pp. 550-556
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Sutherland, K.R.1
Steinberg, K.P.2
Maunder, R.J.3
Milberg, J.A.4
Allen, D.L.5
Hudson, L.D.6
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22
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0029153764
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Role of quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirates in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia
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Jourdain B, Novara A, Joly-Guillou, Dombret MC, Calvat S, Trouillet JL, Gibert, Chastre J: Role of quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirates in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995, 152:241-246. Correlates quantitative tracheal aspirate cultures to bronchoscopic cultures. The use of tracheal aspirates will result in incorrect antibiotic prescriptions in 26% of cases.
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(1995)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.152
, pp. 241-246
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Jourdain, B.1
Novara, A.2
Joly-Guillou3
Dombret, M.C.4
Calvat, S.5
Trouillet, J.L.6
Gibert7
Chastre, J.8
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23
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0026552751
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Recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in an intensive care unit
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Silver DR, Cohen IL, Weinberg PF: Recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in an intensive care unit. Chest 1992, 101:194-198.
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(1992)
Chest
, vol.101
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Silver, D.R.1
Cohen, I.L.2
Weinberg, P.F.3
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24
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0028872968
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Decision making in nosocomial pneumonia: An analytic approach to the interpretation of quantitative bronchoscopic cultures
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Baker AM, Bowton DL, Haponik EF: Decision making in nosocomial pneumonia: an analytic approach to the interpretation of quantitative bronchoscopic cultures. Chest 1995, 107:85-95. Decision analysis of published studies suggesting different (and usually lower) thresholds for quantitative culture thresholds for "positive" depending on the pretest probabilities and risk-benefit ratio for antibiotics. This study also documents that the discriminating value of either bronchoaleolar lavage or PSB is superior to many widely accepted, routinely used tests.
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(1995)
Chest
, vol.107
, pp. 85-95
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Baker, A.M.1
Bowton, D.L.2
Haponik, E.F.3
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25
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0028803317
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Effect of previous antimicrobial therapy on the accuracy of the main procedures used to diagnose nosocomial pneumonia in patients who are using ventilation
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Timsit JF, Misset B, Renaud B, Goldstein FW, Cartel J: Effect of previous antimicrobial therapy on the accuracy of the main procedures used to diagnose nosocomial pneumonia in patients who are using ventilation. Chest 1995, 108:1036-1040. Comparison of the results of bronchoscopic quantitative cultures in patients on antibiotics for nonpneumonic infections does not adversely affect the yield of bronchoscopic cultures.
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(1995)
Chest
, vol.108
, pp. 1036-1040
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Timsit, J.F.1
Misset, B.2
Renaud, B.3
Goldstein, F.W.4
Cartel, J.5
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26
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0028999267
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The safety and diagnostic accuracy of minibronchoalveolar lavage in patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia
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Kolleff MH, Bock KR, Richards RD, Hearns ML: The safety and diagnostic accuracy of minibronchoalveolar lavage in patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1995, 122:743-748. Nonbronchoscopic lavage by nonphysicians was demonstrated to exclude pneumonia in 60% of ventilated patietns with suspected VAP, although a still greater number of positive cultures and a greater number of organisms were cultured than PSB cultures. This study demonstrates a method to dcecrease overdiagnosis of VAP compared with clinical diagnosis at a significantly lower cost than bronchoscopic techniques.
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Ann Intern Med
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, pp. 743-748
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Kolleff, M.H.1
Bock, K.R.2
Richards, R.D.3
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27
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0027960067
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Comparison of Ballard catheter bronchoalveolar lavage with bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage
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Levy H: Comparison of Ballard catheter bronchoalveolar lavage with bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage. Chest 1994, 106:1753-1756.
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Chest
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Levy, H.1
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0029090012
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The diagnosis of pneumonia in the critically ill
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Garrard CS, A'Court CD: The diagnosis of pneumonia in the critically ill. Chest 1995, 108(suppl):17S-25S. Review of nondirectional bronchoalveolar lavage performed every other day and the diagnostic implications of a single quantitative culture above threshold.
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Chest
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Garrard, C.S.1
A'Court, C.D.2
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Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated, intensive care unit patients
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Salata RA, Lederman MM, Shlaes DM, Jacobs MR, Eckstein E, Tweardy D, Toossi Z, Chmielewski R, Marino J, King CH, et al.: Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated, intensive care unit patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987, 135:426-432.
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Am Rev Respir Dis
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Salata, R.A.1
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Shlaes, D.M.3
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Eckstein, E.5
Tweardy, D.6
Toossi, Z.7
Chmielewski, R.8
Marino, J.9
King, C.H.10
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30
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0026606379
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Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: The effect of body position
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Torres A, Serra-Batlles J, Ros E, Piera C, Puig De La Bellacasa J, Cobos A, Lomeña F, Rodriguez-Roisin R: Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: the effect of body position. Ann Intern Med 1992, 116:540-543.
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Ann Intern Med
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Torres, A.1
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Cobos, A.6
Lomeña, F.7
Rodriguez-Roisin, R.8
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31
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0027510423
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Specificity of endotracheal aspiration, protected specimen brush, and bronchoalveolar lavage in mechanically ventilated patients
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Torres A, Martos A, Puig De La Bellacasa J, Ferrer M, El-Ebiary M, González J, Gené A, Rodriguez-Roisin R: Specificity of endotracheal aspiration, protected specimen brush, and bronchoalveolar lavage in mechanically ventilated patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993, 147:952-957.
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Gené, A.7
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0025131819
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Characterization of distal microflora during acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
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Fagon JY, Chastre J, Trouillet JL, Domart Y, Dombret MC, Bornet M, Gibert C: Characterization of distal microflora during acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990, 142:1004-1008.
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Am Rev Respir Dis
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Fagon, J.Y.1
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Incidence, etiology, and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients
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Chest
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