메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn TOX-54, Issue , 1996, Pages 1-44

NTP Summary Report on the Metabolism, Disposition, and Toxicity of 1,4-Butanediol (CAS No. 110-63-4)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1,4 BUTANEDIOL; 1,4-BUTANEDIOL; BUTANEDIOL;

EID: 0030132364     PISSN: 23788984     EISSN: 23788992     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0026672399 scopus 로고
    • Another health food hazard - -hydroxybutyrate-induced seizures
    • ADORNATO, B.T., AND TSE, V. (1992). Another health food hazard - -hydroxybutyrate-induced seizures. West. J. Med. 157, 471.
    • (1992) West. J. Med , vol.157 , pp. 471
    • ADORNATO, B.T.1    TSE, V.2
  • 2
    • 0018894476 scopus 로고
    • Absorption of sodium -hydroxybutyrate and its prodrug -butyrolactone: Relationship between in vitro transport and in vivo absorption
    • ARENA, C., AND FUNG, H.-L. (1980). Absorption of sodium -hydroxybutyrate and its prodrug -butyrolactone: Relationship between in vitro transport and in vivo absorption. J. Pharm. Sci. 69, 356-358.
    • (1980) J. Pharm. Sci , vol.69 , pp. 356-358
    • ARENA, C.1    FUNG, H.-L.2
  • 3
    • 0021989468 scopus 로고
    • Identification and quantitation of 1, 4-butanediol in mammalian tissues: An alternative biosynthetic pathway for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid
    • BARKER, S.A, SNEAD, O.C., POLDRUGO, F., LIU, C.-C., FISH, F.P., AND SETTINE, R.L. (1985). Identification and quantitation of 1, 4-butanediol in mammalian tissues: An alternative biosynthetic pathway for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Biochem. Pharmacol. 34, 1849-1852.
    • (1985) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.34 , pp. 1849-1852
    • BARKER, S.A1    SNEAD, O.C.2    POLDRUGO, F.3    LIU, C.-C.4    FISH, F.P.5    SETTINE, R.L.6
  • 5
    • 0015508548 scopus 로고
    • 1, 4-Butanediol - A substrate for rat liver and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenases
    • BESSMAN, S.P., AND MCCABE, E.R.B., III (1972). 1, 4-Butanediol - A substrate for rat liver and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenases. Biochem. Pharmacol. 21, 1135-1142.
    • (1972) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 1135-1142
    • BESSMAN, S.P.1    MCCABE, E.R.B.2
  • 6
    • 0028182864 scopus 로고
    • Gammahydroxybutyrate: An overview of the pros and cons for it being a neurotransmitter and/or useful therapeutic agent
    • CASH, C.D. (1994). Gammahydroxybutyrate: An overview of the pros and cons for it being a neurotransmitter and/or useful therapeutic agent. Neurosci. Behav. Rev. 18, 291-304.
    • (1994) Neurosci. Behav. Rev , vol.18 , pp. 291-304
    • CASH, C.D.1
  • 7
    • 85151239735 scopus 로고
    • Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA, December 1993 online update
    • CHEMICAL ECONOMICS HANDBOOK (1993). Section 621.5030. Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA, December 1993 online update.
    • (1993) Section 621.5030
  • 8
    • 0025809586 scopus 로고
    • Hydroxybutyrate: A health-food product producing coma and seizurelike activity
    • DYER, J.E. (1991). -Hydroxybutyrate: A health-food product producing coma and seizurelike activity. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 9, 321-324.
    • (1991) Am. J. Emerg. Med , vol.9 , pp. 321-324
    • DYER, J.E.1
  • 9
    • 14344263313 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes in various tissues
    • ERWIN, V.G., AND DEITRICH, R.A. (1972). Heterogeneity of alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes in various tissues. Biochem. Pharmacol. 21, 2915-2924.
    • (1972) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 2915-2924
    • ERWIN, V.G.1    DEITRICH, R.A.2
  • 10
    • 0024854806 scopus 로고
    • Supression by gamma-hydroxybutyric acid of enthanol withdrawal syndrome in rats
    • FADDA, F., COLOMBO, G., MOSCA, E., AND GESSA, G.L. (1989). Supression by gamma-hydroxybutyric acid of enthanol withdrawal syndrome in rats. Alcohol Alcohol. 24, 447-451.
    • (1989) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.24 , pp. 447-451
    • FADDA, F.1    COLOMBO, G.2    MOSCA, E.3    GESSA, G.L.4
  • 12
    • 0014011582 scopus 로고
    • Purification and properties of an enzyme in human blood and rat liver microsomes catalyzing the formation and hydrolysis of -lactones. I. Tissue localization, stoichiometry, specificity, distinction from esterases
    • FISHBEIN, W.N., AND BESSMAN, S.P. (1966). Purification and properties of an enzyme in human blood and rat liver microsomes catalyzing the formation and hydrolysis of -lactones. I. Tissue localization, stoichiometry, specificity, distinction from esterases. J. Biol. Chem. 241, 4835-4841.
    • (1966) J. Biol. Chem , vol.241 , pp. 4835-4841
    • FISHBEIN, W.N.1    BESSMAN, S.P.2
  • 14
    • 0000523739 scopus 로고
    • Differential estimation of gamma-butyrolactone and gammahydroxybutyric acid in rat blood and brain
    • GIARMAN, N.J., AND ROTH, R.H. (1964). Differential estimation of gamma-butyrolactone and gammahydroxybutyric acid in rat blood and brain. Science 145, 583-584.
    • (1964) Science , vol.145 , pp. 583-584
    • GIARMAN, N.J.1    ROTH, R.H.2
  • 15
    • 0020620922 scopus 로고
    • Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency: An inborn error of gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism
    • GIBSON, K.M., SWEETMAN, L., NYHAN, W.L., JAKOBS, C., RATING, D., SIEMES, H., AND HANEFELD, F. (1983). Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency: An inborn error of gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism. Clin. Chim. Acta 133, 33-42.
    • (1983) Clin. Chim. Acta , vol.133 , pp. 33-42
    • GIBSON, K.M.1    SWEETMAN, L.2    NYHAN, W.L.3    JAKOBS, C.4    RATING, D.5    SIEMES, H.6    HANEFELD, F.7
  • 16
    • 0017737024 scopus 로고
    • Slow wave sleep and a state resembling absence epilepsy induced in the rat by -hydroxybutyrate
    • GODSCHALK, M., DZOLJIC, M.R., AND BONTA, I.L. (1977). Slow wave sleep and a state resembling absence epilepsy induced in the rat by -hydroxybutyrate. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 44, 105-111.
    • (1977) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 105-111
    • GODSCHALK, M.1    DZOLJIC, M.R.2    BONTA, I.L.3
  • 18
    • 0026518335 scopus 로고
    • Selective distribution pattern of -hydroxybutyrate receptors in the rat forebrain and midbrain as revealed by quantitative autoradiography
    • HECHLER, V., GOBAILLE, S., AND MAITRE, M. (1992). Selective distribution pattern of -hydroxybutyrate receptors in the rat forebrain and midbrain as revealed by quantitative autoradiography. Brain Res. 572, 345-348.
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.572 , pp. 345-348
    • HECHLER, V.1    GOBAILLE, S.2    MAITRE, M.3
  • 19
    • 0015074103 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in paediatric practice
    • HUNTER, A.S., LONG, W.J., AND RYRIE, C.G. (1971). An evaluation of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in paediatric practice. Brit. J. Anaesth. 43, 620-628.
    • (1971) Brit. J. Anaesth , vol.43 , pp. 620-628
    • HUNTER, A.S.1    LONG, W.J.2    RYRIE, C.G.3
  • 20
    • 0019463313 scopus 로고
    • Urinary excretion of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in a patient with neurological abnormalities. The probability of a new inborn error of metabolism
    • JAKOBS, C., BOJASCH, M., MÖNCH, E., RATING, D., SIEMES, H., AND HANEFELD, F. (1981). Urinary excretion of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in a patient with neurological abnormalities. The probability of a new inborn error of metabolism. Clin. Chim. Acta 111, 169-178.
    • (1981) Clin. Chim. Acta , vol.111 , pp. 169-178
    • JAKOBS, C.1    BOJASCH, M.2    MÖNCH, E.3    RATING, D.4    SIEMES, H.5    HANEFELD, F.6
  • 21
  • 23
    • 0019877087 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of coupled -hydroxybutyrate oxidation and + D-glucuronate reduction by an NADP -dependent oxidoreductase
    • KAUFMAN, E.E., AND NELSON, T. (1981). Kinetics of coupled -hydroxybutyrate oxidation and + D-glucuronate reduction by an NADP -dependent oxidoreductase. J. Biol. Chem. 256, 6890-6894.
    • (1981) J. Biol. Chem , vol.256 , pp. 6890-6894
    • KAUFMAN, E.E.1    NELSON, T.2
  • 24
    • 0023255840 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the participation of a cytosolic NADP -dependentoxidoreductase in the catabolism of -hydroxybutyrate in vivo
    • + KAUFMAN, E.E., AND NELSON, T. (1987). Evidence for the participation of a cytosolic NADP -dependentoxidoreductase in the catabolism of -hydroxybutyrate in vivo. J. Neurochem. 48, 1935-1941.
    • (1987) J. Neurochem , vol.48 , pp. 1935-1941
    • KAUFMAN, E.E.1    NELSON, T.2
  • 25
    • 0025944441 scopus 로고
    • An overview of -hydroxybutyrate catabolism: The role of the + cytosolic NADPH -dependent oxidoreductase EC 1.1.1.19 and of a mitochondrial hydroxyacid oxoacid transhydrogenase in the initial, rate-limiting step in this pathway
    • KAUFMAN, E.E., AND NELSON, T. (1991). An overview of -hydroxybutyrate catabolism: The role of the + cytosolic NADPH -dependent oxidoreductase EC 1.1.1.19 and of a mitochondrial hydroxyacid oxoacid transhydrogenase in the initial, rate-limiting step in this pathway. Neurochem. Res. 16, 965-974.
    • (1991) Neurochem. Res , vol.16 , pp. 965-974
    • KAUFMAN, E.E.1    NELSON, T.2
  • 26
    • 31644451112 scopus 로고
    • Acute and subchronic inhalation toxicity of 1, 4-butanediol in rats
    • (Abstr. 520)
    • KINNEY, L.A., BURGESS, B.A., STULA, E.F., AND KENNEDY, G.L. (1985). Acute and subchronic inhalation toxicity of 1, 4-butanediol in rats. Toxicologist 5, 130 (Abstr. 520).
    • (1985) Toxicologist , vol.5 , pp. 130
    • KINNEY, L.A.1    BURGESS, B.A.2    STULA, E.F.3    KENNEDY, G.L.4
  • 27
    • 85151300455 scopus 로고
    • 3rd ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York
    • KIRK-OTHMER ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (1978). 3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 245-264. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
    • (1978) KIRK-OTHMER ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY , vol.1 , pp. 245-264
  • 28
    • 0017225307 scopus 로고
    • Absorption and first-pass metabolism of 14C-gammahydroxybutyric acid
    • LETTIERI, J.T., AND FUNG, H.-L. (1976). Absorption and first-pass metabolism of 14C-gammahydroxybutyric acid. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 13, 425-437.
    • (1976) Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol , vol.13 , pp. 425-437
    • LETTIERI, J.T.1    FUNG, H.-L.2
  • 29
    • 0018176540 scopus 로고
    • Improved pharmacological activity via pro-drug modification: Comparative pharmacokinetics of sodium -hydroxybutyrate and -butyrolactone
    • LETTIERI, J.T., AND FUNG, H.-L. (1978). Improved pharmacological activity via pro-drug modification: Comparative pharmacokinetics of sodium -hydroxybutyrate and -butyrolactone. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 22, 107-118.
    • (1978) Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol , vol.22 , pp. 107-118
    • LETTIERI, J.T.1    FUNG, H.-L.2
  • 30
    • 0018372970 scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and hypnotic effects of sodium -hydroxybutyrate in the rat
    • LETTIERI, J.T., AND FUNG, H.-L. (1979). Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and hypnotic effects of sodium -hydroxybutyrate in the rat. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 208, 7-11.
    • (1979) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther , vol.208 , pp. 7-11
    • LETTIERI, J.T.1    FUNG, H.-L.2
  • 31
    • 85151284963 scopus 로고
    • SR., ED. 2nd ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
    • LEWIS, R.J., SR., ED. (1991). Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, 2nd ed., pp. 189-190. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
    • (1991) Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference , pp. 189-190
    • LEWIS, R.J.1
  • 32
    • 0027600668 scopus 로고
    • Love potion number 8 1/2. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate poisoning
    • MACK, R.B. (1993). Love potion number 8 1/2. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate poisoning. N.C. Med. J. 54, 232-233.
    • (1993) N.C. Med. J , vol.54 , pp. 232-233
    • MACK, R.B.1
  • 33
    • 0020535413 scopus 로고
    • Depolarization-evoked release of -hydroxybutyrate from rat brain slices
    • MAITRE, M., CASH, C., WEISSMAN-NANOPOULOS, D., AND MANDEL, P. (1983). Depolarization-evoked release of -hydroxybutyrate from rat brain slices. J. Neurochem. 41, 287-290.
    • (1983) J. Neurochem , vol.41 , pp. 287-290
    • MAITRE, M.1    CASH, C.2    WEISSMAN-NANOPOULOS, D.3    MANDEL, P.4
  • 34
    • 0024811044 scopus 로고
    • Gammahydroxybutyrate: An endogenous regulator of energy metabolism
    • MAMELAK, M. (1989). Gammahydroxybutyrate: An endogenous regulator of energy metabolism. Neurosci. Behav. Rev. 13, 187-198.
    • (1989) Neurosci. Behav. Rev , vol.13 , pp. 187-198
    • MAMELAK, M.1
  • 35
    • 0022842842 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of narcolepsy with -hydroxybutyrate. A review of clinical and sleep laboratory findings
    • MAMELAK, M., SCHARF, M.B., AND WOODS, M. (1986). Treatment of narcolepsy with -hydroxybutyrate. A review of clinical and sleep laboratory findings. Sleep 9, 285-289.
    • (1986) Sleep , vol.9 , pp. 285-289
    • MAMELAK, M.1    SCHARF, M.B.2    WOODS, M.3
  • 36
    • 0023262481 scopus 로고
    • Function of -hydroxybutyrate: A putative neurotransmitter
    • MANDEL, P., MAITRE, M., VAYER, P., AND HECHLER, V. (1987). Function of -hydroxybutyrate: A putative neurotransmitter. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 15, 215-217.
    • (1987) Biochem. Soc. Trans , vol.15 , pp. 215-217
    • MANDEL, P.1    MAITRE, M.2    VAYER, P.3    HECHLER, V.4
  • 37
    • 85151253119 scopus 로고
    • Genium Publishing Corporation, Schenectady, NY
    • MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) (1985). 1, 4-Butanediol. #G485. Genium Publishing Corporation, Schenectady, NY.
    • (1985) 1, 4-Butanediol. #G485
  • 38
    • 0015349406 scopus 로고
    • Conversion of 1, 4-butanediol to -hydroxybutyric acid in rat brain and in peripheral tissue
    • MAXWELL, R., AND ROTH, R.H. (1972). Conversion of 1, 4-butanediol to -hydroxybutyric acid in rat brain and in peripheral tissue. Biochem. Pharmacol. 21, 1521-1533.
    • (1972) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 1521-1533
    • MAXWELL, R.1    ROTH, R.H.2
  • 39
    • 0015901517 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the mechanism of the akinetic effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and 1, 4-butanediol
    • MENON, M.K., CLARK, W.G., SCHINDLER, A., AND ALCARAZ, A. (1973). Studies on the mechanism of the akinetic effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and 1, 4-butanediol. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 203, 232-242.
    • (1973) Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther , vol.203 , pp. 232-242
    • MENON, M.K.1    CLARK, W.G.2    SCHINDLER, A.3    ALCARAZ, A.4
  • 41
    • 2442674555 scopus 로고
    • unpublished provisional data as of June 19, 1995
    • NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (NIOSH) (1995). National Occupational Exposure Survey (1981-1983), unpublished provisional data as of June 19, 1995.
    • (1995) National Occupational Exposure Survey (1981-1983)
  • 42
    • 0005503867 scopus 로고
    • NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM (NTP) Technical Report Serie 406. NIH Publicatio 92-3137. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
    • NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM (NTP) (1992). Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of -Butyrolactone (CAS No. 96-48-0) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). Technical Report Series No. 406. NIH Publication No. 92-3137. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC.
    • (1992) Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of -Butyrolactone (CAS No. 96-48-0) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies)
  • 43
    • 0015329287 scopus 로고
    • Effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate on chick behaviour, electrocortical activity, and crossed extensor reflexes
    • OSUIDE, G. (1972). Effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate on chick behaviour, electrocortical activity, and crossed extensor reflexes. Br. J. Pharmacol. 44, 593-604.
    • (1972) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 593-604
    • OSUIDE, G.1
  • 44
    • 0022828829 scopus 로고
    • 1, 4 Butanediol and ethanol compete for degradation in rat brain and liver in vitro
    • POLDRUGO, F., AND SNEAD, O.C., III (1986). 1, 4 Butanediol and ethanol compete for degradation in rat brain and liver in vitro. Alcohol 3, 367-370.
    • (1986) Alcohol , vol.3 , pp. 367-370
    • POLDRUGO, F.1    SNEAD, O.C.2
  • 45
    • 31644442360 scopus 로고
    • Developmental toxicity evaluation of 1, 4-butanediol (BUTE) in Swiss mice
    • (Abstr)
    • PRICE, C.J., MARR, M.C., MYERS, C.B., HEINDEL, J.J., AND SCHWETZ, B.A. (1993). Developmental toxicity evaluation of 1, 4-butanediol (BUTE) in Swiss mice. Teratology 47, 433 (Abstr.).
    • (1993) Teratology , vol.47 , pp. 433
    • PRICE, C.J.1    MARR, M.C.2    MYERS, C.B.3    HEINDEL, J.J.4    SCHWETZ, B.A.5
  • 46
    • 0014917414 scopus 로고
    • Formation and regional distribution of -hydroxybutyric acid in mammalian brain
    • ROTH, R.H. (1970). Formation and regional distribution of -hydroxybutyric acid in mammalian brain. Biochem. Pharmacol. 19, 3013-3019.
    • (1970) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 3013-3019
    • ROTH, R.H.1
  • 47
    • 0000897717 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary report on the metabolism of -butyrolactone and -hydroxybutyric acid
    • ROTH, R.H., AND GIARMAN, N.J. (1965). Preliminary report on the metabolism of -butyrolactone and -hydroxybutyric acid. Biochem. Pharmacol. 14, 177-178.
    • (1965) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.14 , pp. 177-178
    • ROTH, R.H.1    GIARMAN, N.J.2
  • 48
    • 0001585572 scopus 로고
    • Butyrolactone and -hydroxybutyric acid - I. Distribution and metabolism
    • ROTH, R.H., AND GIARMAN, N.J. (1966). -Butyrolactone and -hydroxybutyric acid - I. Distribution and metabolism. Biochem. Pharmacol. 15, 1333-1348.
    • (1966) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 1333-1348
    • ROTH, R.H.1    GIARMAN, N.J.2
  • 49
    • 0014289880 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that central nervous system depression by 1, 4-butanediol is mediated through a metabolite, gamma-hydroxybutyrate
    • ROTH, R.H., AND GIARMAN, N.J. (1968). Evidence that central nervous system depression by 1, 4-butanediol is mediated through a metabolite, gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Biochem. Pharmacol. 17, 735-739.
    • (1968) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.17 , pp. 735-739
    • ROTH, R.H.1    GIARMAN, N.J.2
  • 50
    • 0001421445 scopus 로고
    • Natural occurrence of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in mammalian brain
    • ROTH, R.H., AND GIARMAN, N.J. (1970). Natural occurrence of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in mammalian brain. Biochem. Pharmacol. 19, 1087-1093.
    • (1970) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 1087-1093
    • ROTH, R.H.1    GIARMAN, N.J.2
  • 51
    • 0013965723 scopus 로고
    • Butyrolactone and -hydroxybutyric acid. II. The pharmacologically active form
    • ROTH, R.H., DELGADO, J.M.R., AND GIARMAN, N. (1966). -Butyrolactone and -hydroxybutyric acid. II. The pharmacologically active form. Int. J. Neuropharmacol. 5, 421-428.
    • (1966) Int. J. Neuropharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 421-428
    • ROTH, R.H.1    DELGADO, J.M.R.2    GIARMAN, N.3
  • 52
    • 0019794668 scopus 로고
    • Regional and subcellular localization in rat brain of the enzymes that can synthesize -hydroxybutyric acid
    • RUMIGNY, J.F., MAITRE, M., CASH, C., AND MANDEL, P. (1981). Regional and subcellular localization in rat brain of the enzymes that can synthesize -hydroxybutyric acid. J. Neurochem. 36, 1433-1438.
    • (1981) J. Neurochem , vol.36 , pp. 1433-1438
    • RUMIGNY, J.F.1    MAITRE, M.2    CASH, C.3    MANDEL, P.4
  • 53
    • 0014042018 scopus 로고
    • Chronic oral toxicity of 1, 3-butanediol
    • SCALA, R.A., AND PAYNTER, O.E. (1967). Chronic oral toxicity of 1, 3-butanediol. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 10, 160-164.
    • (1967) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 160-164
    • SCALA, R.A.1    PAYNTER, O.E.2
  • 55
    • 0023780307 scopus 로고
    • Hydroxybutyrate model of generalized absence seizures: Further characterization and comparison with other absence models
    • SNEAD, O.C., III (1988). -Hydroxybutyrate model of generalized absence seizures: Further characterization and comparison with other absence models. Epilepsia 29, 361-368.
    • (1988) Epilepsia , vol.29 , pp. 361-368
    • SNEAD, O.C.1
  • 56
    • 0026099272 scopus 로고
    • The -hydroxybutyrate model of absence seizures: Correlation of regional brain levels of -hydroxybutyric acid and -butyrolactone with spike wave discharges
    • SNEAD, O.C., III (1991). The -hydroxybutyrate model of absence seizures: Correlation of regional brain levels of -hydroxybutyric acid and -butyrolactone with spike wave discharges. Neuropharmacology 30, 161-167.
    • (1991) Neuropharmacology , vol.30 , pp. 161-167
    • SNEAD, O.C.1
  • 57
    • 0026490745 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological models of generalized absence seizures in rodents
    • SNEAD, O.C., III (1992). Pharmacological models of generalized absence seizures in rodents. J. Neural. Transm. Suppl. 35, 7-19.
    • (1992) J. Neural. Transm. Suppl , vol.35 , pp. 7-19
    • SNEAD, O.C.1
  • 58
    • 0020380427 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the relation of -hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) to -aminobutyric acid (GABA). Evidence that GABA is not the sole source for GHB in rat brain
    • SNEAD, O.C., III, LIU, C.-C., AND BEARDEN, L.J. (1982). Studies on the relation of -hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) to -aminobutyric acid (GABA). Evidence that GABA is not the sole source for GHB in rat brain. Biochem. Pharmacol. 31, 3917-3923.
    • (1982) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.31 , pp. 3917-3923
    • SNEAD, O.C.1    LIU, C.-C.2    BEARDEN, L.J.3
  • 59
    • 0024784645 scopus 로고
    • In vivo conversion of -aminobutyric acid and 1, 4-butanediol to -hydroxybutyric acid in rat brain. Studies using radioisotopes
    • SNEAD, O.C., III, FURNER, R., AND LIU, C.C. (1989). In vivo conversion of -aminobutyric acid and 1, 4-butanediol to -hydroxybutyric acid in rat brain. Studies using radioisotopes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 38, 4375-4380.
    • (1989) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.38 , pp. 4375-4380
    • SNEAD, O.C.1    FURNER, R.2    LIU, C.C.3
  • 60
    • 0001682479 scopus 로고
    • Neuropharmacological effects of 1, 4-butanediol and related congeners compared with those of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone
    • SPRINCE, H., JOSEPHS, J.A., JR., AND WILPIZESKI, C.R. (1966). Neuropharmacological effects of 1, 4-butanediol and related congeners compared with those of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone. Life Sci. 5, 2041-2052.
    • (1966) Life Sci , vol.5 , pp. 2041-2052
    • SPRINCE, H.1    JOSEPHS, J.A.2    WILPIZESKI, C.R.3
  • 61
    • 0016233448 scopus 로고
    • Hypothermic and toxic actions of 2-butyne-1, 4-diol and other related diols in the rat
    • TABERNER, P.V., AND PEARCE, M.J. (1974). Hypothermic and toxic actions of 2-butyne-1, 4-diol and other related diols in the rat. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 26, 597-604.
    • (1974) J. Pharm. Pharmacol , vol.26 , pp. 597-604
    • TABERNER, P.V.1    PEARCE, M.J.2
  • 63
    • 0010571663 scopus 로고
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (a). USITC Publication 1292. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (1982a). Synthetic Organic Chemicals: United States Production and Sales, 1981. USITC Publication 1292. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (1982) Synthetic Organic Chemicals: United States Production and Sales, 1981
  • 64
    • 85149219358 scopus 로고
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (b). USITC Publication 1272. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (1982b). Imports of Benzenoid Chemicals and Products, 1981. USITC Publication 1272. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (1982) Imports of Benzenoid Chemicals and Products, 1981
  • 65
    • 0010571663 scopus 로고
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (a). USITC Publication 1422. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (1983a). Synthetic Organic Chemicals: United States Production and Sales, 1982. USITC Publication 1422. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (1983) Synthetic Organic Chemicals: United States Production and Sales, 1982
  • 66
    • 84954953036 scopus 로고
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (b). USITC Publication 1401. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (1983b). Imports of Benzenoid Chemicals and Products, 1982. USITC Publication 1401. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (1983) Imports of Benzenoid Chemicals and Products, 1982
  • 67
    • 84913834600 scopus 로고
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (a). USITC Publication 1588. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (1984a). Synthetic Organic Chemicals: United States Production and Sales, 1983. USITC Publication 1588. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (1984) Synthetic Organic Chemicals: United States Production and Sales, 1983
  • 68
    • 85151255055 scopus 로고
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (b). USITC Publication 1548. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (1984b). Imports of Benzenoid Chemicals and Products, 1983. USITC Publication 1548. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (1984) Imports of Benzenoid Chemicals and Products, 1983
  • 69
    • 0010571663 scopus 로고
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) USITC Publication 1745. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (1985). Synthetic Organic Chemicals: United States Production and Sales, 1984. USITC Publication 1745. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (1985) Synthetic Organic Chemicals: United States Production and Sales, 1984
  • 70
    • 84913834600 scopus 로고
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) USITC Publication 1892. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION (USITC) (1986). Synthetic Organic Chemicals: United States Production and Sales, 1985. USITC Publication 1892. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (1986) Synthetic Organic Chemicals: United States Production and Sales, 1985
  • 71
    • 0022220071 scopus 로고
    • Succinic semialdehyde as a substrate for the formation of -aminobutyric acid
    • VAN BEMMELEN, F.J., SCHOUTEN, M.J., FEKKES, D., AND BRUINVELS, J. (1985). Succinic semialdehyde as a substrate for the formation of -aminobutyric acid. J. Neurochem. 45, 1471-1474.
    • (1985) J. Neurochem , vol.45 , pp. 1471-1474
    • VAN BEMMELEN, F.J.1    SCHOUTEN, M.J.2    FEKKES, D.3    BRUINVELS, J.4
  • 72
    • 0016755891 scopus 로고
    • Gas chromatographic determination and pharmacokinetics of 4-hydroxybutyrate in dog and mouse
    • VAN DER POL, W., VAN DER KLEIJN, E., AND LAUW, M. (1975). Gas chromatographic determination and pharmacokinetics of 4-hydroxybutyrate in dog and mouse. J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. 3, 99-113.
    • (1975) J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm , vol.3 , pp. 99-113
    • VAN DER POL, W.1    VAN DER KLEIJN, E.2    LAUW, M.3
  • 73
    • 0022337970 scopus 로고
    • Conversion of -hydroxybutyrate to -aminobutyrate in vitro
    • VAYER, P., MANDEL, P., AND MAITRE, M. (1985). Conversion of -hydroxybutyrate to -aminobutyrate in vitro. J. Neurochem. 45, 810-814.
    • (1985) J. Neurochem , vol.45 , pp. 810-814
    • VAYER, P.1    MANDEL, P.2    MAITRE, M.3
  • 74
    • 0023667115 scopus 로고
    • Minireview. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, a possible neurotransmitter
    • VAYER, P., MANDEL, P., AND MAITRE, M. (1987). Minireview. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, a possible neurotransmitter. Life Sci. 41, 1547-1557.
    • (1987) Life Sci , vol.41 , pp. 1547-1557
    • VAYER, P.1    MANDEL, P.2    MAITRE, M.3
  • 75
    • 24344453827 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of 1, 4-butanediol and 4-hydroxybutyric acid in man, rhesus monkey, and dog
    • VREE, T.B., VAN DALEN, R., VAN DER KLEIJN, AND GIMBRERE, J.S.F. (1978). Pharmacokinetics of 1, 4-butanediol and 4-hydroxybutyric acid in man, rhesus monkey, and dog. Anasthesiol. Intensivmed. 110, 66-73.
    • (1978) Anasthesiol. Intensivmed , vol.110 , pp. 66-73
    • VREE, T.B.1    VAN DALEN, R.2    VAN DER KLEIJN3    GIMBRERE, J.S.F.4
  • 77
    • 0002044368 scopus 로고
    • Aldehyde oxidizing enzymes
    • (W.P. Jakoby, Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • WEINER, H. (1980). Aldehyde oxidizing enzymes. In Enzymatic Basis of Detoxification (W.P. Jakoby, Ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 261-280. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1980) Enzymatic Basis of Detoxification , vol.1 , pp. 261-280
    • WEINER, H.1
  • 78
    • 0001546332 scopus 로고
    • A neurophysiological comparison of gamma-hydroxybutyrate with pentobarbital in cats
    • WINTERS, W.D., AND SPOONER, C.E. (1965). A neurophysiological comparison of gamma-hydroxybutyrate with pentobarbital in cats. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 18, 287-296.
    • (1965) Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol , vol.18 , pp. 287-296
    • WINTERS, W.D.1    SPOONER, C.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.