The phenology of Namaqualand ephemeral species. The effect of water stress

Journal of Arid Environments

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 49-62

  Steyn, H M ^a   Van Rooyen, N ^a   Van Rooyen, M W ^a   Theron, G K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

Author keywords

ephemeral plants; Namaqualand; phenology; water stress

Indexed keywords

EPHEMERAL PLANT; PHENOLOGY; WATER STRESS;

SOUTH AFRICA, NAMAQUALAND;

EID: 0030131620     PISSN: 01401963     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jare.1996.0045     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Ackerman, T.L. & Bamberg, S.A. (1974). Phenological studies in the Mojave desert at Rock Valley (Nevada test site). In: Lieth, H. (Ed.), Phenology and Seasonality Modeling Ecological studies 8, pp. 215-226. New York: Springer-Verlag. 444 pp.
2. Angus, J.F. & Mancur, W.M. (1977). Water stress and phenology of wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 28: 177-181.
3. Aronson, J., Kigel, J., Shmida, A. & Klein, J. (1992). Adaptive phenology of desert and Mediterranean populations of annual plants grown with and without water stress. Oecologia (Berlin), 89: 17-26.
4. Aspinall, D. & Husain, I. (1970). The inhibition of flowering by water stress. Australian Journal of Biological Science, 23: 925-936.
5. Beatley, J.C. (1967). Survival of winter annuals in the northern Mojave Desert. Ecology, 48: 745-750.
6. Beatley, J.C. (1984). Phenological events and their environmental triggers in the Mojave desert ecosystem. Ecology, 55: 856-863.
7. Boot, R., Raynal, D.J. & Grime, J.P. (1986). A comparative study of the influence of drought stress on flowering in Urtica dioica and Urtica urens. Journal of Ecology, 74: 485-495.
8. Clarkson, N.M. & Russell, J.S. (1976). Effect of water stress on the plastic development of annual Medicago species. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 27: 227-234.
9. Elphinstone, E.D. & Rees, A.R. (1990). Temperature and development in Iris x hollandica during pre-planting storage. II. Floral initiation. Journal of Horticultural Science, 62: 185-192.
10. Evenari, M., Shanan, L. & Tadmor, N. (1982). The Negev: challenge of a desert (2nd Edn). Cambridge: Harvard University. 345 pp.
11. Ezcurra, E. & Rodrigues, V. (1986). Rainfall patterns in the Gran Desierto, Sonora, Mexico. Journal of Arid Environments, 10: 13-28.
12. Fox, G.A. (1990a). Components of flowering time variation in a desert annual. Evolution, 44: 1404-1423.
13. Fox, G.A. (1990b). Drought and the evolution of flowering time in desert annuals. American Journal of Botany, 77: 1508-1518.
14. Gutterman, Y. (1988). Day-neutral flowering in some desert Blepharis spp. Journal of Arid Environments, 14: 157-167.
15. Hewitt, E.J. (1952). Sand and Water Culture Methods used in the Study of Plant Nutrition. Farnham Royal, Bucks: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau. 241 pp.
16. Klikoff, L.G. (1966). Competitive responses to moisture stress of a winter annual of the Sonoran Desert. American Midland Naturalist, 75: 383-391.
17. Krekule, J. & Hajkova, L. (1972). The developmental pattern in a group of therophytes. II. Vernalization and photoperiodic induction. Flora, 161: 121-128.
18. Le Houérou, H.N. (1984). Rain use efficiency: a unifying concept in arid-land ecology. Journal of Arid Environments, 7: 213-247.
19. Mott, J.J. & Chouard, P. (1979). Flowering, seed formation and dispersal. In: Perry, P.A. & Goodall, D.W. (Eds), Arid-land Ecosystems: Structure, Functioning and Management, pp. 627-645. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 881 pp.
20. Mott, J.J. & McComb, A.J. (1975). The role of photoperiod and temperature in controlling the phenology of three annual species from an arid region of Western Australia. Journal of Ecology, 63: 633-641.
21. Mulroy, T.W. & Rundel, P.W. (1977). Annual plants: adaptations to desert environments. BioScience, 27: 109-114.
22. Newman, E.I. (1965). Factors affecting seed production of Teesdalia nudicaulis. II. Soil moisture in spring. Journal of Ecology, 53: 211-232.
23. Pemadasa, M.A. & Lovell, P.H. (1974). Factors controlling the flowering time of some dune annuals. Journal of Ecology, 62: 869-880.
24. Rathcke, B. & Lacey, E.P. (1985). Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 16: 179-214.
25. Rozijn, N.A.M.G. & Van der Werf, D.C. (1986). Effect of drought during different stages in the life-cycle on the growth and biomass allocation of two Aira species. Journal of Ecology, 74: 507-523.
26. Schmida, A. & Burgess, T.L. (1988). Plant growth-form strategies and vegetation types in arid environments. In: Werger, M.J.A., Van der Aart, P.J.M., During, H.J. & Verhoeven, J.T.A. (Eds), Plant Form and Vegetation Structure, pp. 211-241. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing.
27. Schulze, B.R. (1965). Climate of South Africa. Part 8. General Survey. WB 28. Pretoria: Government Printer. 330 pp.
28. Solbrig, O.T., Barbour, M.A., Cross, J., Goldstein, G., Lowe, C.H., Morello, J. & Yang, T.W. (1977). The strategies and community patterns of desert plants. In: Orians, G.H. & Solbrig, O.T. (Eds), Convergent Evolution in Warm Deserts, pp. 68-106. Stroudsburg: Hutchinson & Ross. 333 pp.
29. Steyn, H.M. (1993). Namaqualand ephemerals: phenology and thermal units. M.Sc. dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria. 169 pp.
30. Steyn, H.M., Van Rooyen, N., Van Rooyen, M.W. & Theron, G.K. (1996). The phenology of Namaqualand ephemeral species. The influence of sowing date. Journal of Arid Environments, 32: 407-420.
31. Tevis, L. Jr. (1958). A population of desert ephemerals germinated by less than one inch of rain. Ecology, 39: 688-694.
32. Van Rooyen, M.W. (1988). Ekofisiologiese studies van die efemere van Namakwaland. Ph.D. thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria. 363 pp.
33. Van Rooyen, M.W., Grobbelaar, N., Theron, G.K. & Van Rooyen, N. (1991). The ephemerals of Namaqualand: effects of photoperiod, temperature and moisture stress on development and flowering of three species. Journal of Arid Environments, 20: 15-29.
34. Van Rooyen, M.W., Grobbelaar, N., Theron, G.K. & Van Rooyen, N. (1992). The ephemerals of Namaqualand: effect of germination date on development of three species. Journal of Arid Environments, 22: 51-66.
35. Van Rooyen, M.W., Theron, G.K. & Grobbelaar, N. (1979). Phenology of the vegetation in the Hester Malan Nature Reserve in the Namaqualand Broken Veld: 1. General observations. Journal of South African Botany, 45: 279-293.
36. Watkinson, A.R. (1982). Factors affecting the density response of Vulpia fasciculata. Journal of Ecology, 70: 149-161.
37. Went, F. W. (1948). Ecology of desert plants. I. Observations on germination in the Joshua Tree National Monument, California. Ecology, 39: 695-704.
38. Went, F.W. (1953). The ecology of desert plants. Scientific American, 193: 68-72.
39. Werger, M.J.A. (1986). The Karoo and southern Kalahari. In: Evenari, M., Noy-Meir, I. & Goodall, D.W. (Eds), Hot Deserts and Arid Shrublands, pp. 283-358. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers. 451 pp.