Stochastic retinal mechanisms of light adaptation and gain control

Spatial Vision

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 125-148

  Rudd, Michael E ^a   Brown, Lawrence G ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GAIN CONTROL; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELS; SIGNAL DETECTION;

GANGLION CELLS; LIGHT ADAPTATION; SQUARE ROOT LAW; THRESHOLD INTENSITY; VISUAL STIMULUS;

VISION;

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; COMPUTER SIMULATION; HUMAN; MATHEMATICS; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; PHYSIOLOGY; RETINA; RETINA GANGLION CELL; VISUAL ADAPTATION;

ADAPTATION, OCULAR; COMPUTER SIMULATION; HUMANS; MATHEMATICS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; RETINA; RETINAL GANGLION CELLS; SENSORY THRESHOLDS;

EID: 0030131584     PISSN: 01691015     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156856896X00097     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Adelson, E. A. (1982). Saturation and adaptation in the rod system. Vision Res. 22, 1299-1312.
2. Adrian, R. H. (1928). The Basis of Sensation. Norton, New York.
3. Aguilar, M. and Stiles, W. S. (1954) Saturation of the rod mechanism of the retina at high levels of stimulation. Optica Acta 1, 59-65
4. Aho, A. C., Donner, K., Hyden, C., Reuter, T. and Orlov, D. Y. (1987). Retinal noise, the performance of retinal ganglion cells, and visual sensitivity in the dark-adapted frog. J. Opt Soc Am. A4, 2321-2329
5. Barlow, H. B. (1956). Retinal noise and absolute threshold. J Opt. Soc. Am. 46, 634-639.
6. Barlow, H. B. (1957). Increment thresholds at low intensities considered as signal/noise discriminations. J. Physiol. 136, 469-488.
7. Barlow, H. B. (1958a). Temporal and spatial summation in human vision at different background intensities. J. Physiol. 141, 337-350.
8. Barlow, H. B. (1958b). Intrinsic noise of cones. In: Visual Problems of Colour, Vol. 2. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, pp. 617-630.
9. Barlow, H. B. (1965). Optic nerve impulses and Weber's law. Spring Harb. Symp Quant. Biol. 30, 539-546.
10. Barlow, H. B. and Levick, W. R. (1969a). Three factors limiting the reliable detection of light by retinal ganglion cells of the cat. J. Physiol. 200, 1-24.
11. Barlow, H. B. and Levick, W. R. (1969b). Changes in the maintained discharge with adaptation level in the cat retina. J. Physiol. 202, 699-718.
12. Baylor, D. A., Lamb, T. D. and Yau, K. W. (1979). Responses of retinal rods to single photons. J Physiol. 288, 613-634.
13. Bayly, E. J. (1968). Spectral analysis of pulse frequency modulation in the nervous system. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 15, 257-265.
14. Brink, G. van den and Bouman, M. A. (1957). Visual contrast thresholds for moving point sources. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 47, 612-618.
15. Budelli, R. W., Soto, E., Gonzalez-Estrada, M. T. and Macadar, O. (1986). A spike generator mechanism model simulates utricular afferents response to sinusoidal vibrations. Biol. Cybernet. 54, 237-244.
16. Calvin, W. H and Stevens, C. F. (1968). Synaptic noise and other sources of randomness in motoneuron interspike intervals. J. Neurophysiol. 31, 574-587.
17. Chen, B., MacLeod, D. I. A. and Stockman, A. (1987) Improvement in human vision under bright light: Grain or gain? J. Physiol. 394, 41-66.
18. Copenhagen, D. R., Donner, K. and Reuter, T (1987). Ganglion cell performance at absolute threshold in toad retina: effects of dark events in rods. J. Physiol. 393, 667-680.
19. Craik, K. J. W. (1940). The effect of adaptation on subjective brightness. Proc. Roy. Soc. Land. B 128, 232-247.
20. Demontis, G. C., Bisti, S. and Cervetto, L. (1993). Light sensitivity, adaptation and saturation in mammalian rods. In: Progress in Brain Research '95. T. P. Hicks, S. Molotchnikoff and P. Ono (Eds). Elsevier, New York, pp. 15-24.
21. Dodge, F. A., Knight, B. W. and Toyota, J. (1968). Voltage noise in Limulus visual cells. Science 160, 88-90.
22. Donner, K., Copenhagen, D. and Reuter, T. (1990). Weber and noise adaptation in the retina of the toad Bufo marinus. J. Gen. Physiol. 95, 733-753.
23. Enroth-Cugell, C. and Robson, J. G. (1966). The contrast sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells of the cat J. Physiol. 187, 517-522.
24. Eysel, U. T. and Grüsser, O.-J. (1970). The impulse pattern of muscle spindle afferents. A statistical analysis of the response to static and sinusoidal stimulation Pflügers Arch, gesamte Physiol. Menschen Tiere 315, 1-26.
25. Fach, C. C. and Sharpe, L. T. (1990). Absolute threshold and body temperature. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (Suppl.) 31, 413.
26. Geisler, W. S. (1979). Initial-image and afterimage discrimination in the human rod and cone systems. J. Physiol. (London) 312, 165-179.
27. Gerstein, G. L. and Mandelbrot, B. (1964). Random walk models for the spike activity of a single neuron. Biophys J 4, 41-68.
28. Gluss, B. (1967). A model for neuron firing with exponential decay of potential resulting in diffusion equations for probability density. Bull. Math. Biophys 29, 233-243.
29. Graham, N. and Hood, D. C. (1992). Quantal noise and decision rules in dynamic models of light adaptation. Vision Res. 32, 779-787.
30. Grind, W. A. van de, Koenderink, J. J., Heyde, G. L. van der, Landman, H. A. A. and Bouman, M. A (1971) Adapting coincidence sealers and neural modelling studies of vision. Kybernetik 8, 85-122.
31. Heistrom, C. W. (1991) Probability and Stochastic Processes for Engineers. MacMillan, New York.
32. Jones, R. W., Li, C. C., Meyer, A. U. and Pinter, R. B. (1961). Pulse frequency modulation in physiological systems, phenomenological aspects. IRE Trans. Bio. Med. Electron. 8, 59-67.
33. Kelly, D. H. (1972). Adaptation effects on spatio-temporal sine-wave thresholds. Vision Res. 12, 89-101.
34. Knight, B. W. (1972a). Dynamics of encoding in a population of neurons. J. Gen. Physiol. 59, 734-766
35. Knight, B. W. (1972b). The relationship between the firing rate of a single neuron and the level of activity in a population of neurons. J. Gen. Physiol. 59, 767-778.
36. Koenderink, J. J., Grind, W. A. van de and Bouman, M. A. (1971). Foveal information processing at photopic luminances. Kybernetik 6, 128-144
37. Kraft, T. W., Schneewis, D. M. and Schnapf, J. L. (1993). Visual transduction in human rod photoreceptors. J. Physiol 464, 747-765.
38. Lankheet, M. J. M., Molenaar, J. and Grind, W. A. van de (1989). The spike generating mechanism of cat retinal ganglion cells. Vision Res. 29, 505-517
39. Nes, F. L. van and Bouman, M. A. (1967). Spatial modulation transfer in the human eye. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 401-406.
40. Perkel, D. H. and Bullock, T. H. (1968). Neural coding. Neurosci. Res Prog. Bull. 6, 221-348.
41. Reich, D S., Sanchez-Vives, M., Mukherjee, P. and Kaplan, E. (1994). Response variability of retinal ganglion cells is independent of the synaptic pathway activated and of retinal illumination. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis Sci. (Suppl.) 35, 2124.
42. Rodieck, R. W. (1965). Quantitative analysis of cat retinal ganglion cell response to visual stimuli. Vision Res. 5, 583-601.
43. Rose, A. (1942). The relative sensitivities of television pick-up tubes, photographic film, and the human eye. Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs. 30, 293-300.
44. Rose, A. (1948). The sensitivity performance of the human eye on an absolute scale J. Opt. Soc. Am. 38, 196-208.
45. Rudd, M. E. (1988). Quantal fluctuation limitations on reaction times to sinusoidal gratings. Vision Res. 28, 179-186.
46. Rudd, M. E. (1991). Photon noise and contrast-based visual adaptation Opt. Soc. Am. Tech. Digest 17, 166.
47. Rudd, M. E. (1992). Photon fluctuations and visual adaptation. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (Suppl.) 33, 1259.
48. Rudd, M. E. (1996). A neural timing model of visual threshold. J. Math. Psychol. 40, 1-29.
49. Rudd, M. E. and Brown, L. G. (1993) A stochastic neural model of light adaptation Invest. Ophthalmol Vis. Sci. (Suppl.) 34, 1036.
50. Rudd, M. E and Brown, L. G. (1994). Light adaptation without gain control: A stochastic neural model. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (Suppl.) 35, 1837.
51. Rudd, M. E and Brown, L G. (1995). Temporal sensitivity and threshold-vs-intensity behavior or a photon noise-modulated gain control model. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (Suppl.) 36, S16.
52. Rudd, M. E. and Brown, L. G. (in press a). A model of Weber and noise gain control in the retina of the toad Bufo marinus. Vision Res.
53. Rudd, M. E. and Brown, L. G. (in press b). Noise adaptation in integrate-and-fire neurons. Neural Computation.
54. Rushton, W. A. H (1965). Visual Adaptation. The Ferner Lecture. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B 162, 20-46
55. Saito, H. and Fukada, Y (1986). Gain control mechanisms of X- and Y-type retinal ganglion cells of the cat. Vision Res. 26, 391-408.
56. Saleh, B E A. and Teich, M. C. (1991). Fundamentals of Photonics. Wiley, New York.
57. Scharstein, H. (1979). Input-output relationship of the leaky-integrator neuron model. J. Math. Biol. 8, 403-420.
58. Shapley, R. and Enroth-Cugell, C (1984). Visual adaptation and retinal gain controls. In: Progress in Retinal Research, Vol. 3. N. Osborne and G. Chader (Eds) Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 263-346.
59. Sharpe, L. T. and Volbrecht, V. (1990). Estimating middle-wavelength and long-wavelength cone sensitivity with large, long-duration targets and small, brief targets. Perception 19, 745-757.
60. Sharpe, L. T., Fach, C., Nordby, K. and Stockman, A. (1989). The incremental threshold of the rod visual system and Weber's law. Science 244, 354-356.
61. Sharpe, L T., Stockman, A., Fach, C. and Markstahler, U. (1993a). Temporal and spatial summation in the human rod visual system. J. Physiol. (London) 463, 325-348.
62. Sharpe, L. T., Whittle, P. and Nordby, K. (1993b). Spatial integration and sensitivity changes in the human rod visual system. J. Physiol. (London) 461, 235-246.
63. Stein, G. S., French, A. S. and Holden, A. V. (1972). The frequency response, coherence, and information capacity of two neuronal models. Biophys. J. 12, 295-322.
64. Tamura, T., Nakatani, K. and Yau, K.-W. (1991). Calcium feedback and light sensitivity in primate rods. J. Gen. Physiol. 98, 95-130.
65. Teich, M. C. (1981). Role of the doubly stochastic Neyman type-A and Thomas counting distributions in photon detection. Appl. Opt. 20, 2457-2467.
66. Teich, M. C., Prucnal, P. R., Vannucci, G , Breton, M. E. and McGill, W. J (1982). Multiplication noise in the human visual system at threshold: 3. The role of non-Poisson quantum fluctuations. Biol. Cybernet. 44, 157-165.
67. Troy, J. B. and Robson, J. G. (1992). Steady discharges of X and Y retinal ganglion cells of cat under photopic illuminance Visual Neurosci. 9, 535-553.
68. Tuckwell, H. C. (1989). Stochastic Processes in the Neurosciences. SIAM, Philadelphia.
69. Uttal, W. R. (1973). The Psychobiology of Sensory Coding. Harper and Row, New York.
70. Vries, H L. de (1943). The quantum character of light and its bearing upon threshold of vision, the differential sensitivity and visual acuity of the eye. Physica 10, 553-564.
71. Whittle, P. (1994). The psychophysics of contrast-brightness. In: Lightness, Brightness, and Transparency. A. Gilchrist (Ed.). Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey, pp. 35-110.
72. Whittle, P. and Challands, P. D. C. (1969). The effect of background luminance on the brightness of flashes. Vision Res. 9, 1095-1110.