Testing for linkage disequilibrium in genotypic data using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm

Heredity

Volumn 76, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 377-383

  Slatkin, Montgomery ^a   Excoffier, Laurent ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

EM algorithm; Likelihood ratio test; Linkage disequilibrium; Microsatellite loci

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ALLELE; ARTICLE; CHROMOSOME MAP; COMPUTER SIMULATION; GENE LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENOTYPE; HAPLOTYPE; RANDOMIZATION; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ALGORITHMS; ALLELES; CHROMOSOME MAPPING; COMPUTER SIMULATION; GENOTYPE; HAPLOTYPES; LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; RANDOM ALLOCATION;

EID: 0030131165     PISSN: 0018067X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1996.55     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. DEMPSTER, A. P., LAIRD, N. M. AND RUBIN, D. B. 1977. Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. J. R. Statist. Soc. B., 39, 1-38.
2. ELANDT-JOHNSON, R. C. 1971. Probability Models and Statistical Methods in Genetics. Wiley & Sons, New York.
3. EXCOFFIER, L. AND SLATKIN, M. 1995. Maximum-likelihood estimation of molecular haplotype frequencies in a diploid population. Mol. Biol. Evol., 12, 921-927.
4. GUO, S. W. AND. THOMPSON, E. A. 1992. Performing the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg proportion for multiple alleles. Biometrics, 48, 361-372.
5. HILL, W. G. 1974. Estimation of linkage disequilibrium in randomly mating populations. Heredity, 33, 229-239.
6. HILL, W. G. 1975. Tests for association of gene frequencies at several loci in random mating diploid populations. Biometrics, 31, 881-888.
7. JORDE, L. B. 1995. Linkage disequilibrium as a gene mapping tool. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 56, 11-14.
8. LEWONTIN, R. C. AND KOJIMA, K. 1960. The evolutionary dynamics of complex polymorphisms. Evolution, 14, 458-472.
9. LONG, J. C., WILLIAMS, R. C. AND URBANEK, M. 1995. An E-M algorithm and testing strategy for multiple-locus haplotypes. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 56, 799-810.
10. MAISTE, P. J. 1993 Comparisons of Statistical Tests for Independence at Genetic Loci with Many Alleles. Ph.D. Thesis, North Carolina State University.
11. PETERSON, A. C., LEHESJOKI, A. E., DE LA CHAPELLE, A., DI RIENZO, A., SLATKIN, M. AND FREIMER, N. B. 1995. The distribution of linkage disequilibrium over anonymous genome regions. Hum. Mol. Genet., 4, 887-894.
12. SLATKIN, M. 1994. Linkage disequilibrium in growing and stable populations. Genetics, 137, 331-336.
13. WATKINS, W. S., ZENGER, R., O'BRIEN, E. ET AL. 1994. Linkage disequilibrium patterns vary with chromosomal location: a case study from the von Willebrand factor region. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 55, 348-355.
14. WEIR, B. S. 1979. Inferences about linkage disequilibrium. Biometrics, 25, 235-254.
15. WEIR, B. S. 1990. Genetic Data Analysis. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.