The defense of the great lakes against the invasion of nonindigenous species in ballast water

Marine Technology and SNAME News

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 92-100

  Weathers, Katherine ^a,b   Reeves, Eric ^b  

^a Marine Safety Office Hampton Roads   (United States)

^b Ninth Coast Guard District   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; MARINE BIOLOGY; NAVAL VESSELS; PLANTS (BOTANY); WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION;

AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES; BALLAST WATER; EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE; GREAT LAKES; NONINDIGENOUS SPECIES;

LAKES;

EID: 0030127659     PISSN: 19453582     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States [OTA-F-565], Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993, p. 3, table 1-1.
2. Ibid., p. 5.
3. Ashworth, W., The Late, Great Lakes: An Environmental History, Detroit: Wayne State Univ., 1987, p. 120.
4. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, supra, p. 68, box 2-D, and Great Lakes Commission, Great Lakes Panel on Aquatic Nuisance Species Annual Report, Ann Arbor, Michigan: Great Lakes Commission, 1995, p. 4.
5. Briefing at Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Michigan, November 16, 1994, on current research project, Patricia Van Hoof, Project Leader, "Accumulation and Transfer of Contaminates through a Zebra Mussel-Based Food Web."
6. Leigh, P., "Benefits and Costs of the Ruffe Control Program for the Great Lakes Fishery," National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, unpub. paper, May 18, 1994, p. 11.
7. Ashworth, supra, p. 250.
8. Mills, E. L., Leach, J. H., Carlton, J. T., and Secor, C. L. "Exotic Species and the Integrity of the Great Lakes: Lessons from the Past," BioScience, Vol. 44, No. 10, Nov. 1994, pp. 666-676.
9. James T. Carlton and Jonathan B. Geller, "Ecological Roulette: The Global Transport of Nonindigenous Marine Organisms," Science, vol. 261 (July 1993) pp. 78-82.
10. Mills, Leach, Carlton, and Secor, supra, pp. 666-676, 666.
11. Colborn, T. E., Davidson, A., Green, S. N., Hodge, R. A., Jackson, C. I., and Liroff, R. A., Great Lakes: Greaty Legacy? Washington, DC, and Ottawa, Ontario: the Conservation Foundation and the Institute for Research and Public Policy, 1990, chap. 6, espc. p. 156.
12. Locke, A., Reid, D. M., Sprules, W. G., Carlton, J. T., and van Leeuwen, H. C., Effectiveness of Mid-Ocean Exchange in Controlling Freshwater and Coastal Zooplankton in Ballast Water, Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1822, Burlington, Ontario: Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1991, p. 12.
13. Public Law 101-646, Nov. 29, 1990 (16 USC §§ 4701 et seq.).
14. Ibid., § 1102.
15. Ibid., § 1101(b).
16. Ballast Water Management for Control of Nonindigenous Species, 33 CFR Part 151 Subpart C, promulgated as a final rule at 58 Federal Register 18329 (8 April 1993).
17. Locke, Reid, Sprules, Carlton, and van Leeuwen, supra, p. 26.
18. Woodward, J. B., Parsons, M. G., and Troesch, A. W., "Ship Operational and Safety Aspects of Ballast Water Exchange at Sea," MARINE TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 31, No. 4, Oct. 1994, pp. 315-326.
19. Ibid., p. 324.
20. Prior, A. D., "Ballast Water Exchange Study: Phase I," Melville Shipping, Doc. P9505, March 1995.
21. 33 CFR § 151.1514.
22. 33 CFR §§ 151.1502, 151.1504.
23. Locke, Reid, Sprules, Carlton, and van Leeuwen, supra, p. 34.
24. Ibid., p. 41.
25. Ibid., p. 39.
26. Ibid., p. 39.
27. Ibid., p. 39, and Wiggins, G. B., Mackay, R. J., and Smith, I. M., "Evolutionary and Ecological Strategies of Animals in Annual Temporary Pools," Archives of Hydrobiology, 1980 supp. 58, pp. 97-206.
28. Locke, Reid, Sprules, Carlton, and van Leeuwen, supra, p. 9.