Experimental investigation of ultrashort pulse laser-induced breakdown thresholds in aqueous media

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 670-677

  Hammer, Daniel X ^a,d,e,f   Thomas, Robert J ^a,g,h   Noojin, Gary D ^b,i,j,k   Rockwell, Benjamin A ^a,c,f,h,l,m   Kennedy, Paul K ^a   Roach, William P ^a,c  

^a Armstrong Laboratory   (United States)

^b TASC Inc   (United States)

^c AIR FORCE OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^d RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e Air Force Materiel Command   (United States)

^f OSA ^*

^g PITTSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

ⁱ TEXAS LUTHERAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^j TASC Inc   (United States)

^k Air Force Armstrong Laboratory

^l UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL MISSOURI   (United States)

^m Optical Radiation Division

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCULATIONS; ELECTRIC BREAKDOWN; ELECTRIC FIELD EFFECTS; HIGH TEMPERATURE EFFECTS; IONIZATION; LASER PRODUCED PLASMAS; LASER PULSES; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; POTABLE WATER; PRESSURE EFFECTS; PROBABILITY; SALINE WATER;

AVALANCHE IONIZATION; FOCAL VOLUME; IRRADIANCE THRESHOLDS; LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN THRESHOLDS; OPTICAL WAVELENGTH; PULSE DURATIONS;

QUANTUM ELECTRONICS;

EID: 0030125952     PISSN: 00189197     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/3.488842     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. L. V. Keldysh, "Ionization in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave," Sov. Phys. JETP, vol. 20, pp. 1307-1314, 1965.
2. P. A. Barnes and K. E. Rieckhoff, "Laser induced underwater sparks." Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 282-284, 1968.
3. N. Bloembergen, "Laser-induced electric breakdown in solids," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. QE-10, pp. 375-386, 1974.
4. S. J. Gitomer and R. D. Jones, "Laser-produced plasmas in medicine," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 19, pp. 1209-1219, 1991.
5. R. Nordstrom, "Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy," Lasers and Optronics, pp. 23-24, Dec. 1993.
6. ANSI Standard Z136.1-1993, American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers. New York: American National Standards Institute, Inc., 1993.
7. C. P. Cain, C. A. Toth, C. D. DiCarlo, C. D. Stein, G. D. Noojin, D. J. Stolarski, and W. P. Roach, "Visible retinal lesions from ultrashort laser pulses in the primate eye," Inv. Ophthalmol. and Vis. Science, vol. 36, pp. 879-888, 1995.
8. C. P. Cain, C. D. DiCarlo, P. K. Kennedy, G. D. Noojin, R. E. Amnotte, and W. P. Roach, "In-vivo laser-induced breakdown in the rabbit eye," in Laser Tissue Interaction VI, Proc. SPIE, S. L. Jacques, Ed., vol. 2391A, pp. 41-47, 1995.
9. M. P. Felix and A. T. Ellis, "Laser-induced liquid breakdown - A step-by-step account," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 484-486, 1971.
10. F. Docchio, C. A. Sacchi, and J. Marshall, "Experimental investigation of optical breakdown thresholds in ocular media under single pulse irradiation with different pulse durations," Lasers in Ophthalmology, vol. 1, pp. 83-93, 1986.
11. F. Docchio, L. Dossi, and C. A. Sacchi, "Q-switched Nd:YAG laser irradiation of the eye and related phenomena: An experimental study. I. Optical breakdown determination for liquids and membranes," Lasers in the Life Sciences, vol. 1, pp. 87-103, 1986.
12. C. A. Sacchi, "Laser-induced electric breakdown in water," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol. 8, pp. 337-345, 1991.
13. B. Zysset, J. G. Fujimoto, and T. F. Deutsch, "Time-resolved measurements of picosecond optical breakdown," Appl. Phys. B, vol. 48, pp. 139-147, 1989.
14. E. W. Van Stryland, M. J. Soileau, A. L. Smirl, and W. E. Williams, "Pulse-width and focal-volume dependence of laser-induced breakdown," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 23, pp. 2144-2151, 1981.
15. A. Vogel, S. Busch, K. Jungnickel, and R. Birngruber, "Mechanisms of intraocular photodisruption with picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses," Laser in Surg. and Med., vol. 15, pp. 32-43, 1994.
16. A. Vogel and W. Lauterborn, "Acoustic transient generation by laserproduced cavitation bubbles near solid boundaries," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 84, pp. 719-731, 1988.
17. W. L. Smith, J. H. Bechtel, and N. Bloembergen, "Dielectric-breakdown threshold and nonlinear-refractive-index measurements with picosecond laser pulses," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 12, pp. 706-714, 1975.
18. P. K. Kennedy, "A first-order model for computation of laser-induced breakdown thresholds in ocular and aqueous media: Part I - Theory," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 31, pp. 2241-2249, 1995.
19. P. K. Kennedy, S. A. Boppart, D. X. Hammer, B. A. Rockwell, G. D. Noojin, and W. P. Roach, "A first-order model for computation of laser-induced breakdown thresholds in ocular and aqueous media: Part II - Code description and comparison to experiment," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 31, pp. 2250-2257, 1995.
20. D. X. Hammer, R. J. Thomas, G. D. Noojin, B. A. Rockwell, and A. Vogel, "Ultrashort pulse laser induced bubble creation thresholds in ocular media," in Laser Tissue Interaction VI, S. L. Jacques, Ed., Proc. SPIE, vol. 2391A, pp. 30-40, 1995.
21. A. Vogel, P. Schweiger, A. Frieser, M. N. Asiyo, and R. Birngruber, "Intraocular Nd:YAG laser surgery: Light-tissue interaction, damage range, and reduction of colateral effects," IEEE J. Quantum. Electron., vol. 26, pp. 2240-2259, 1990.
22. A. E. Siegman, M. W. Sasnett, and T. F. Johnston, "Choice of clip levels for beam width measurements using knife-edge techniques," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 27, pp. 1098-1104, 1991.
23. B. A. Rockwell, P. K. Kennedy, R. J. Thomas, W. P. Roach, and M. E. Rogers, "The effect of nonlinear optical phenomena on retinal damage," in Laser Tissue Interaction VI. Proc. SPIE, S. L. Jacques, Ed., vol. 2391A, pp. 89-95, 1995.
24. L. D. Forster, "Light intensity measurements with a fiber optic microprobe in the laser irradiated rhesus monkey eye," Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Texas, Austin, 1978.
25. G. D. Polhamus, D. K. Cohoon, and R. G. Allen, "Measurement of the point spread function in the rhesus eye," USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Tech. Paper, 1979.
26. M. A. Mainster, D. H. Sliney, C. D. Belcher III, and S. M. Buzney, "Laser photodisruptors - Damage mechanisms, instrument design and safety," Ophthalmology, vol. 90, pp. 973-991, 1983.
27. V. N. Pozhidaev and A. I. Fattevskii, "Optical breakdown thresholds in liquid water and micronsize water droplets exposed to single laser pulses," Sov. J. Quant. Electron., vol. 11, pp. 65-68, 1981.
28. M. H. Niemz, "Threshold dependence of laser-induced optical breakdown on pulse duration," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 66, pp. 1181-1183, 1995.
29. R. R. Krueger and T. Juhasz, "Comparative shock wave analysis during corneal ablation with an excimer laser, picosecond laser, and femtosecond laser." in Ophthalmic Technologies V, Proc. SPIE, J. Parel, Ed., vol. 2393, pp. 94-99, 1995.
30. M. Bass and H. H. Barrett, "Avalanche breakdown and the probabilistic nature of laser-induced damage," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. QE-8, pp. 338-343, 1972.
31. J. R. Bettis, R. A. House, and A. H. Guenther, "Spot size and pulse duration dependence of laser-induced damage," Nat. Bur. Stand. Spec. Pub., vol. 462, pp. 338-345, 1976.
32. F. Williams, S. P. Varma, and S. Hillenius, "Liquid water as a lonepair amorphous semiconductor," J. Chemical Physics, vol. 64, pp. 1549-1554, 1976.