Plasma and Milk Urea Nitrogen in Relation to Pregnancy Rate in Lactating Dairy Cattle

Journal of Animal Science

Volumn 74, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 858-865

  Butler, W R ^a   Calaman, J J ^a,b   Beam, S W ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

Author keywords

Dairy Cattle; Fertility; Pregnancy; Urea

Indexed keywords

NITROGEN; PROGESTERONE; UREA;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BLOOD; CATTLE; CHEMISTRY; FEMALE; LACTATION; METABOLISM; MILK; PHYSIOLOGY; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY RATE; UREA NITROGEN BLOOD LEVEL;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; BLOOD UREA NITROGEN; CATTLE; FEMALE; LACTATION; MILK; NITROGEN; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY RATE; PROGESTERONE; UREA;

EID: 0030120416     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/1996.744858x     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Bishonga, C., J. J. Robinson, T. G. McEvoy, R. P. Aiten, P. A. Findlay, and I. Robertson. 1994. The effects of excess rumen degradable protein in ewes on ovulation rate, fertilization and embryo survival in vivo and during in vitro culture. Anim. Prod. 58:447.
2. Blanchard, T., J. D. Ferguson, L. Love, T. Takeda, B. Henderson, J. Hasler, and W. Chalupa. 1990. Effect of dietary crude protein type on fertilization and embryo quality in dairy cattle. Am. J. Vet Res. 51(6):905.
3. Butler, W. R., and R. D. Smith. 1989. Interrelationships between energy balance on postpartum reproductive function in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 72:767.
4. Canfield, R. W., C. J. Sniffen, and W. R. Butler. 1990. Effects of excess degradable protein on postpartum reproduction and energy balance in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 73:2342.
5. Carlsson, J., and J. Bergstrom. 1994. The diurnal variation of urea in cow's milk and how milk fat content, storage and preservation affects analysis by a flow injection technique. Acta Vet. Scand. 35:67.
6. Carroll, D. J., B. A. Barton, G. W. Anderson, and R. D. Smith. 1988. Influence of protein intake and feeding strategy on reproductive performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71:347.
7. Elrod, C. C., and W. R. Butler. 1993. Reduction of fertility and alteration of uterine pH in heifers fed excess ruminally degradable protein. J. Anim. Sci. 71:694.
8. Elrod, C. C., M. Van Amburgh, and W. R. Butler. 1993. Alterations of pH in response to increased dietary protein in cattle are unique to the uterus. J. Anim. Sci. 71:702.
9. Erb, R. E., H. A. Garverick, R. D. Randel, B. L. Brown, and C. J. Callahan. 1976. Profiles of reproductive hormones associated with fertile and non-fertile inseminations of dairy cows. Theriogenology 5:227.
10. Ferguson, J. D., T. Blanchard, D. T. Galligan, D. C. Hoshall, and W. Chalupa. 1988. Infertility in dairy cattle fed a high percentage of protein degradable in the rumen. JAVMA 192:659.
11. Ferguson, J. D., D. T. Galligan, T. Blanchard, and M. Reeves. 1993. Serum urea nitrogen and conception rate: The usefulness of test information. J. Dairy Sci. 76:3742.
12. Garcia-Bojalil, C. M., C. R. Staples, W. W. Thatcher, and M. Drost. 1994. Protein intake and development of ovarian follicles and embryos of superovulated nonlactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:2537.
13. Grings, E. E., R. E. Roffler, and D. P. Deitelhoff. 1991. Response of dairy cows in early lactation to additions of cottonseed meal in alfalfa-based diets. J. Dairy Sci. 74:258.
14. Gustafsson, A. H., and D. L. Palmquist. 1993. Diurnal variation of rumen ammonia, serum urea and milk urea in dairy cows at high and low yields. J. Dairy Sci. 76:475.
15. Jordan, E. R., T. E. Chapman, D. W. Holtan, and L. V. Swanson. 1983. Relationship of dietary crude protein to composition of uterine secretions and blood in high-producing dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 66:1854.
16. Jordan, E. R., and L. V. Swanson. 1979a. Effect of crude protein on reproductive efficiency, serum total protein and albumin in the high-producing dairy cow. J. Dairy Sci. 62:58.
17. Jordan, E. R., and L. V. Swanson. 1979b. Serum progesterone and luteinizing hormone in dairy cattle fed varying levels of crude protein. J. Anim. Sci. 48:1154.
18. Kaim, M., Y. Folman, H. Neumark, and W. Kaufmann. 1983. The effect of protein intake and lactation number on post- partum body weight loss and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Anim. Prod. 37:229.
19. Lee, C. N., J. K. Critzer, and R. L. Ax. 1985. Changes of luteinizing hormone and progesterone for dairy cows after gonadotropin-releasing hormone at first postpartum breeding. J. Dairy Sci. 68:1463.
20. Maurer, R. R., and S. E. Echternkamp. 1982. Hormonal asynchrony and embryonic development. Theriogenology 17:11.
21. Oltner, R., M. Emanuelson, and H. Wiktorsson. 1985. Urea concentrations in milk in relation to milk yield, live weight, lactation number and amount and composition of feed given to dairy cows. Livest. Prod. Sci. 12:47.
22. Oltner, R., and H. Wiktorsson. 1983. Urea concentrations in milk and blood as influenced by feeding varying amounts of protein and energy to dairy cows. Livest. Prod. Sci. 10:457.
23. Randel, R. D., H. A. Garverick, A. H. Surve, R. E. Erb, and C. J. Callahan. 1971. Reproductive steroids in the bovine. V. Comparison of fertile and non-fertile cows 0 to 42 days after breeding. J. Anim. Sci. 33:104.
24. Refsdal, A. O., L. Baevre, and R. Bruflot. 1985. Urea concentration in bulk milk as an indicator of the protein supply at the herd level. Acta Vet. Scand. 26:153.
25. Ropstad, E., and A. O. Refsdal. 1987. Herd reproductive performance related to urea concentration in bulk milk. Acta Vet. Scand. 28:55.
26. Ropstad, E., L. Vik-Mo, and A. O. Refsdal. 1989. Levels of milk urea, plasma constituents and rumen liquid ammonia in relation to the feeding of dairy cows during early lactation. Acta Vet. Scand. 30(2):199.
27. Roseler, D. K., J. D. Ferguson, C. J. Sniffen, and J. Herrema. 1993. Dietary protein degradability effects on plasma and milk urea nitrogen and milk nonprotein nitrogen in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:525.
28. Shelton, K., M. F. Gayerie De Abreu, M. G. Hunter, T. J. Parkinson, and G. E. Lamming. 1990. Luteal inadequacy during the luteal phase of subfertile cows. J. Reprod. Fertil. 90:1.
29. Sonderman, J. P., and L. L. Larson. 1989. Effect of dietary protein and exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone on circulating progesterone concentrations and performance of Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2179.