Making semantic judgements about affectively valanced words: A new test of processing bias in anxiety

Personality and Individual Differences

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 429-436

  Green, Michael W ^a   McKenna, Frank P ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF FOOD RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030119640     PISSN: 01918869     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0191-8869(95)00209-X     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Broadbent, D. E. & Broadbent, M. H. P. (1988). Anxiety and attentional bias: State and Trait. Cognition and Emotion, 2, 165-183.
2. Carver, C. S., Peterson, L. M., Follansbee, D. J. & Scheier, M. F. (1983). Effects of self-directed attention and resistance amongst persons high and low in test anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 7, 333-354.
3. Carver, C. S. & Scheier, M.F. (1978). The self-focussing effects of dispositional self-consciousness, mirror presence and audience presence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 324-332.
4. Culler, R. E. & Holahan, C. J. (1980). Test anxiety and academic performance: The effects of study related behaviours. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 16-20.
5. Eysenck, M. W. (1992). Anxiety: The cognitive perspective. Hove: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
6. Eysenck, M. W. & Calvo, M. G. (1992). Anxiety and performance: The processing efficiency theory. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 409-434.
7. Fox, E. (1993) Attentional bias in anxiety: Selective or not? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 487-493.
8. Francis, W. M. & Kucera, H. (1982). Frequency analysis of English usage. Boston MA: Houghton & Mifflin.
9. Geller, V. & Shaver, P. (1976). Cognitive consequences of self-awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 99-108.
10. Green, M. W. & Buckley, P. (submitted). A methodological review of the emotional Stroop task: Affect or artefact?
11. Green, M. W. & McKenna, F. P. (in press). Self-focused attention and the processing of threat related information. European Journal of Social Psychology.
12. Green, M. W., Rogers, P. J. & Elliman, N. A. (in press). Change in affective state assessed by impaired colour-naming of threat related words. Current Psychology: Research and Reviews, 14,
13. Lavy, E., Van Den Hout, M. & Arntz, A. (1992). Attentional bias and spider phobia: Conceptual and clinical issues. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 17-24.
14. MacLeod, C., Mathews, A. & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 15-20.
15. MacLeod, C. & Rutherford, E. M. (1992). Anxiety and the selective processing of emotional information: Mediating roles of awareness, trait and state variables, and personal relevance of stimulus materials. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 479-491.
16. Martin, M., Williams, R. W. & Clark, D. M. (1991). Does anxiety lead to selective processing of threat-related information? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29, 147-160.
17. Mathews, A. & MacLeod, C. (1985). Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 563-569.
18. Mogg, K., Kentish, J. & Bradley, B. P. (1993). Effects of anxiety and awareness on colour-identification latencies for emotional words. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 559-567.
19. Mogg, K & Marden, B. (1990). Processing of emotional information in anxious subjects. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29, 227-229.
20. Mogg, K., Mathews, A., Eysenck, M. & May, J. (1991). Biased cognitive operations in anxiety: Artefact, processing priorities or attentional search? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29, 459-467.
21. Richards, A. & French, C. C. (1990). Central versus peripheral presentation of stimuli in an emotional Stroop task. Anxiety Research, 3, 41-49.
22. Richards, A. & Millwood, B. (1989). Colour-identification of differentially valenced words in anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 3, 171-176.
23. Rudolph, U. (1993). The self-reference effect: Methodological issues and implications from a schema-theoretical perspective. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 331-354.
24. Sedikides, C. (1992). Mood as a determinant of attentional focus. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 129-148.
25. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Luschene, R., Vagg, P. R. & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
26. Triesman, A. M. (1969). Strategies and models of selective attention. Psychological Review, 76, 282-299.
27. Warren, R. E. (1972). Stimulus encoding and memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 94, 102-151.
28. Wells, A. & Matthews, G. (1994). Attention and emotion: A clinical perspective. Hove: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
29. Williams J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C. & Mathews, A. (1988). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. Chichester: Wiley.
30. Wine, J. D. (1982). Evaluation anxiety: A cognitive-attentional construct. In H. W. Krohne & L. Laux (Eds.), Achievement, stress and anxiety. Washington, DC: Hemisphere.