Control in less-hierarchical multinationals: The role of personal networks and informal communication

International Business Review

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 137-150

  Marschan, Rebecca ^a   Welch, Denise ^b   Welch, Lawrence ^b  

^a HELSINKI SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (Finland)

^b BI NORWEGIAN BUSINESS SCHOOL   (Norway)

Author keywords

Control; Informal communication; Less hierarchical structures; Multinational corporations; Personal networks

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030117149     PISSN: 09695931     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0969-5931(96)00002-9     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Bartlett, C. and Ghoshal, S. (1989) Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution. Harvard Business School Press ,Boston.
2. Bartlett, C. and Ghoshal, S. (1990a) Matrix Management: Not a Structure, a Frame of Mind. Harvard Business Review, July-August, pp. 138-147.
3. Bartlett, C. and Ghoshal, S. (1990b). The Multinational Corporation as an Interorganizational Network. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 603-625.
4. Borg, M. (1988) International Transfers of Managers in Multinational Corporations. Graphic Systems Ab, Göteborg.
5. Brooke, M. and Remmers, L. (1978) The Strategy of Multinational Enterprise. Pitman Publishing, London.
6. Brown, A. (1994) Top of the Bosses. International Management, April, pp. 26-29.
7. Donkin, R. (1994) Empowerment in Virgin Territory. Financial Times, Friday 27 May.
8. Dowling, P., Schuler, R. and Welch, D. (1994) International Dimensions of Human Resource Management, 2nd ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont.
9. Edström, A. and Galbraith, J. (1977) Transfer of Managers as a Coordination and Control Strategy in Multinational Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 22, pp. 248-263.
10. Egelhoff, W. (1993) Information Processing Theory and the Multinational Corporation, in Ghoshal, S. and Westney, E. (Eds), Organization Theory and the Multinational Corporation, pp. 182-210. The Macmillan Press, Hong Kong.
11. Ford, D. (1990) Introduction to IMP and the Interaction Approach, in Ford, D. (Ed.), Understanding Business Markets. Academic Press, London.
12. Forsgren, M. and Johanson, J. (1992) Managing in International Multi-Centre Firms, in Forsgren, M. and Johanson, J. (Eds), Managing Networks in International Business, pp. 19-31. Gordon & Breach, Philadelphia.
13. Hagström, P. (1992) Inside the "Wired" MNC, in Antonelli, C. (Ed.), The Economics of Information Networks, pp. 325-345. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam.
14. Hallen, L. (1992) Infrastructural Networks in International Business, in Forsgren, M. and Johanson, J. (Eds), Managing Networks in International Business, pp. 77-92. Gordon & Breach, Philadelphia.
15. Hedlund, G. (1986) The Hypermodern MNC - a Heterarchy? Human Resource Management, Vol. 25, pp. 9-35.
16. Hedlund, G. and Rolander, D. (1990) Action in Heterarchies: New Approaches to Managing the MNC, in Bartlett, C., Doz, Y. and Hedlund, G. (Eds), Managing the Global Firm, pp. 15-46. Routledge, London.
17. Hendry, C. (1994) Human Resource Strategies for International Growth. Routledge London.
18. Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Sage, Beverly Hills.
19. Holbeche, L. (1994) Career Development in Flatter Structures, Research Report, Roffey Park Management Institute, Horsham, West Sussex.
20. Holden, L. (1994) Employee Involvement, in Beardwell, I. and Holden, L. (Eds), Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Perspective, pp. 557-594. Pitman, Leicester.
21. Hoppe, M. (1993) The Effects of National Culture on the Theory and Practice of Managing R&D Professionals Abroad. R&D Management, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 313-325.
22. Krackhardt, D. and Hanson, J. (1993) Informal Networks: The Company behind the Chart. Harvard Business Review, July-August, pp. 104-111.
23. Macdonald, S. (1995) Informal Information Flow in the International Firm, Special Issue on Informal Information Flow. International Journal of Technology Management. (forthcoming).
24. Marschan, R. (1994) New Structural Forms and Inter-Unit Communication in Multinationals. HSE Press, Helsinki.
25. Martinez, J. and Jarillo, C. (1989) The Evolution of Research on Coordination Mechanisms in Multinational Corporations. Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 489-514.
26. Meek, V. L. (1988) Organizational Culture: Origins and Weaknesses. Organization Studies, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 453-473.
27. Melin, L. (1992) Internationalization as a Strategy Process. Special Issue: Fundamental Themes in Strategy Process Research. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, pp. 99-118.
28. Muffett, R. (1994) Export Strategy for the Nineties: Setting Digital's Export Direction to the Year 2000. Project Report, Monash University.
29. Ondrack, D. (1985) International Transfers of Managers in North American and European MNEs. Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 1-19.
30. Södergren, B. (1992) Decentralisering: Förändring i Företag och Arbetsliv. Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Tryck Graphic Systems, Stockholm.
31. 3i Report (1994) Plc UK: A Focus on Corporate Trends, May, Survey No. 13, 3i Group plc, London.
32. Welch, D., Fenwick, M. and De Cieri, H. (1994) Staff Transfers as a Control Strategy: An Exploratory study of Two Australian Organizations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 474-489.
33. Welch, D. and Welch, L. (1993) Using Personnel to Develop Networks: An Approach to Subsidiary Management. International Business Review, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 157-168.
34. White, R. and Poynter, T. (1990) Organizing for World-wide Advantage, in Bartlett, C., Doz, Y. and Hedlund, G. (Eds), Managing the Global Firm, pp. 95-113. Routledge, London.
35. Willmott, H. (1993) Strength is Ignorance; Slavery is Freedom: Managing Culture in Modern Organizations. Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 515-552.