In situ measurements of basal water quality and pressure as an indicator of the character of subglacial drainage system

Hydrological Processes

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 615-628

  Stone, Dan B ^a   Clarke, Garry K C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Basal water quality; Glaciers; In situ measurements; Subglacial drainage systems

Indexed keywords

DRAINAGE; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT; FLOW OF WATER; HYDROLOGY; IN SITU PROCESSING; PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; VELOCITY; WATER QUALITY;

BASAL WATER QUALITY; IN SITU MEASUREMENTS; SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE SYSTEMS; TURBIDITY; WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENTS;

GLACIERS;

BASAL WATER QUALITY; GLACIAL HYDROLOGY; SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE;

CANADA, YUKON TERRITORY, TRAPRIDGE GLACIER;

EID: 0030115156     PISSN: 08856087     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199604)10:4<615::aid-hyp395>3.0.co;2-m     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Blake, E. W. 1992. 'The deforming bed beneath a surge-type glacier: measurement of mechanical and electrical properties', PhD Thesis, University of British Columbia.
2. Brown, G. H., Sharp, M. J., Tranter, M., Gurnell, A. M., and Neinow, P. N. 1994. 'The impact of post-mixing chemical reactions on the major ion chemistry of bulk meltwaters draining the Haut Glacier D'Arolla, Valais, Switzerland', Hyrdrol. Process., 8, 465-480.
3. Campbell Scientific 1993. CR10 Measurement and Control Module Operator's Manual Campbell Scientific, Logan. 192 pp.
4. Clarke, G. K C. and Blake, E. W. 1991, 'Geometric and thermal evolution of a surge-type glacier in its quiescent state: Trapridge Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada, 1969-89', J. Glaciol., 37, 158-169.
5. Collins, D. N, 1977. 'Hydrology of an alpine glacier as indicated by the chemical composition of meltwater', Z. Gletscherk. Glazialgeol., 13, 219-238.
6. Collins, D. N. 1979, 'Sediment concentration in melt waters as an indicator of erosion processes beneath an alpine glacier', J. Glaciol., 23, 247-257.
7. Collins, D. N. 1981. 'Seasonal variation of solute concentration in melt waters draining from an alpine glacier', Ann. Glaciol., 2, 11-16.
8. Engelhardt, H. 1978, 'Water in glaciers: observations and theory of the behaviour of water levels in boreholes', Z. Gletscherk. Glazialgeol., 14, 35-60.
9. Engelhardt, H., Humphrey, N., and Kamb, B, 1990a, 'Borehole geophysical observations on Ice Stream B, Antarctica', Antarct. J. US., 25, 80-82.
10. Engelhardt, H., Humphrey, N., Kamb, B., and Fahnestock, M. 1990b. 'Physical conditions at the base of a fast moving Antarctic ice stream', Science, 248, 57-59.
11. Fenn, C. R. 1987. 'Electrical conductivity' in Gurnell, A. M. and Clark, M. J. (Eds), Glacio-Fluvial Sediment Transfer: an Alpine Perspective. Wiley, Chichester. pp. 377-414.
12. Fountain, A. G. 1993. 'Geometry and flow conditions of subglacial water at South Cascade Glacier, Washington State, U.S.A.; an analysis of tracer injections', J. Glaciol., 39, 143-156.
13. Fountain, A. G. 1994. 'Borehole water-level variations and implications for the subglacial hydraulics of South Cascade Glacer, Washington State, U.S.A.', J. Glaciol., 40, 293-304.
14. Hach, C. C., Vanous, R. D., and Heer, J. M. 1990. 'Understanding turbidity measurement', Technical Information Series - Booklet No. 11. Hach, Loveland. 11 pp.
15. Hantz, D. and Lliboutry, L. 1983. 'Waterways, ice permeability at depth, and water pressures at glacier d'Argentière, French Alps', J. Glaciol., 29, 227-239.
16. Hem, J. D. 1985. 'Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water', US Geol. Surv. Water Supply Pap., 2254, 263 pp.
17. Hodge, S. M. 1976. 'Direct measurement of basal water pressures: a pilot study', J. Glaciol., 16, 205-218.
18. Hodge, S. M. 1979. 'Direct measurement of basal water pressures: progress and problems', J. Glaciol., 23, 309-319.
19. Hooke, R. L., Calla, P., Holmlund, P., Nilssson, M., and Stroeven, A. 1989. 'A 3 year record of seasonal variations in surface velocity, Storglaciären, Sweden', J. Glaciol., 35, 235-247.
20. Humphrey, N., Raymond, C., and Harrison, W. 1986. 'Discharges of turbid water during mini-surges of Variegated Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.', J. Glaciol., 32, 195-207.
21. Iken, A. 1972. 'Measurements of water pressure in moulins as part of a movement study of the White Glacier, Axel Heiberg Island, Northwest Territories, Canada', J. Glaciol., 11, 53-58.
22. Iken A. and Bindschadler, R. A. 1986. 'Combined measurements of subglacial water pressure and surface velocity of Findelengletscher, Switzerland: conclusions about drainage systems and sliding mechanism', J. Glaciol., 32, 101-119.
23. Kamb, B. and Engelhardt, H. 1987. 'Waves of accelerated motion in a glacier approaching surge: the mini-surges of Variegated Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.', J. Glaciol., 33, 27-46.
24. Kamb, B., Raymond, C. F., Harrison, W. D., Engelhardt, H., Echelmeyer, K. A., Humphrey, N., Brugman, M. M., and Pfeffer, T. 1985. 'Glacier surge mechanisms: 1982-83 surge of Variegated Glacier, Alaska', Science, 227, 469-479.
25. Mathews, W. H. 1964. 'Water pressure under a glacier', J. Glaciol., 5, 235-240.
26. Pilgrim, D. H., Huff, D. D., and Steele, T. D. 1979. 'Use of specific conductance and contact time relations for separating flow components in storm runoff', Wat. Resour. Res., 15, 329-339.
27. Pohjola, V. A. 1993. 'TV-video observations of bed and basal sliding on Storglaciären, Sweden', J. Glaciol., 39, 111-118.
28. Sharp, M., Willis, I., Hubbard, B., Nielsen, M., Brown, G., Tranter, M., and Smart, C. 1993. 'Borehole water quality profiling: explaining water level variations in boreholes' [abstract], International Workshop on Glacier Hydrology, 8-10 September 1993, Cambridge, UK.
29. Stone, D. B. and Clarke, G. K. C. 1993. 'Estimation of subglacial hydraulic properties from induced changes in basal water pressure: a theoretical framework for borehole response tests', J. Glaciol., 39, 327-340.
30. Stone, D. B., Clarke, G. K. C., and Blake, E. W. 1993. 'Subglacial measurement of turbidity and electrical conductivity', J. Glaciol., 39, 415-420.
31. Tranter, M., Brown, G., Raiswell, R., Sharp, M., and Gurnell, A. 1993. 'A conceptual model of solute acquisition by Alpine glacial meltwaters', J. Glaciol., 39, 573-581.
32. Walder, J. S. and Fowler, A. 1994. 'Channelised subglacial drainage over a deformable bed', J, Glaciol., 40, 3-15.