The water masses and circulation at 10°N in the Pacific

Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 501-544

  Wijffels, Susan E ^a,e   Toole, John M ^a   Bryden, Harry L ^b   Fine, Rana A ^c   Jenkins, William J ^a   Bullister, John L ^d  

^a WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

^b Rennell Centre   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^d NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^e CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIRCULATION; DISTRIBUTION; SVERDRUP TRANSPORT; WATER MASSES;

PACIFIC, (NORTH);

EID: 0030114745     PISSN: 09670637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0967-0637(96)00006-4     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Aagaard K. and P. Greisman (1975) Toward new mass and heat budgets for the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 80, 3821-3827.
2. Bahr F., E. Firing and J. Songnian (1989) Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling in the Western Pacific during the US-PRC TOGA Cruises 2, 3 and 4. Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research UH-NOAA Data Report 005.
3. Baumgartner A, and E. Reichel (1975) The world water balance. Elsevier, Oxford, U.K., 179 pp.
4. Bingham F. M. and R. Lukas (1994) The southward intrusion of North Pacific Intermediate Water along the Mindanao Coast. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 24, 141-154.
5. Broecker W. S. (1991) The Great Ocean Conveyor. Oceanography, 4, 79-89.
6. Bryden H. L., D. Roemmich and J. Church (1991) Ocean heat transport across 24°N in the Pacific. Deep Sea Research, 38, 297-324.
7. Bullister J. L. and R. F. Weiss (1983) Anthropogenic chlorofluoromethanes in the Greenland and Norwegian Seas. Science, 221, 265-268.
8. Chereskin T. K. and D. Roemmich (1991) A comparison of measured and wind-derived Ekman transport at 11°N in the Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 21, 869-878.
9. Coachman L.K. and K. Aagaard (1988) Transports through Bering Strait Annual and interannual variability. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 15,535-15,539.
10. Cook M., L. Magnum, R. Millard, G. Lamontagne. S. Pu, J. Toole, Z. Wang, K. Yang and L. Zhao (1990) Hydrographic Observations from the US/PRC Cooperative Program in the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean: Cruises 1-4. Tech. Rep. WHOI-90-07, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA, 378 pp.
11. Emig M. (1967) Heat transported by ocean currents. Journal of Geophysical Research, 72, 2519-2529.
12. Epic Voyageurs (1991) Hydrographic Data from the 10°N Transpacific Cruise: R.V. Moana Wave Cruise #89-3,4,6. WHOI Technical Report # WHOI-91-32.
13. Esbenson S. K. and V. Kushnir (1981) The Heat Budget of the Global Ocean: An Atlas Based on Estimates from surface marine observations. Climate Research Institute, Report No. 29, Oregon State University, 27 pp.
14. Ffield A. and A. L. Gordon (1992) Verticle mixing in the Indonesian thermocline. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 22, 184-195.
15. Fiadeiro M. E. (1982) Three-dimensional modeling of tracers in the deep Pacific Ocean II: radiocarbon and the circulation. Journal of Marine Research, 40, 537-550.
16. Fine R.A., R. Lukas, F. Bingham, M. J. Warner and R. H. Gammon (1994) The western equatorial Pacific is a water mass cross roads. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 25,063-25,080.
17. Goldenberg S. B. and J. J. O'Brien (1981) Time and space variability of tropical Pacific wind stress. Monthly Weather Review, 109, 1190-1207.
18. Gouriou Y. and J. M. Toole (1993) The mean circulation of the upper ocean in the western equatorial Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 22,495-22,520.
19. Hall M. M. and H. L. Bryden (1982) Direct estimates and mechanisms of ocean heat transport. Deep-Sea Research, 29, 339-360.
20. Harrison D. E. (1989) On climatological monthly mean wind stress and wind stress curl fields over the world ocean. Journal of Climate, 2, 57-70.
21. Hastenrath S. (1980) On meridional heat transports in the world ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 12, 922-927.
22. Hautala S. L. (1992) Modeling and Observations of Deep Circulation in the Eastern South Pacific Ocean, Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, 236 pp.
23. Hellerman S. and M. Rosenstein (1983) Normal monthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 13, 1093-1104.
24. Hsuing J. (1985) Estimates of global ocean meridional heat transports. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 15, 1405-1413.
25. 3He in the Sargasso Sea. Journal of Marine Research, 38, 533-569.
26. Johnson G. C. (1990) Near-Equatorial Deep Circulation in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Ph.D. Thesis. MIT/WHOI, WHOI-90-50.
27. Johnson G. C. and J. M. Toole (1993) Flow of Deep and Bottom Waters in the Pacific at 10°N. Deep-Sea Research I, 40, 371-394.
28. Kessler W. S. (1986) Observations of Long Rossby Waves in the Northern Tropical Pacific, NOAA Technical Memorandum, ERL PMEL-86, 169 pp.
29. Kubota M. and K. Ono (1992) Abyssal circulation model of the Philippine Sea. Deep-Sea Research, 29, 1439-1452.
30. Landsteiner M. C., M. J. McPhaden and J. Picaut (1990) On the sensitivity of Sverdrup transport estimates to the specification of wind stress forcing in the tropical Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 1681-1691.
31. Liu Z., S. G. H, Philander and R. C. Pacanowski (1994) A GCM study of tropical-subtropical upper ocean water exchange. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 24, 2606-2623.
32. Lukas R. (1988) Interannual fluctuations of the Mindanao Current inferred from sea level. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 6744-6748.
33. Lukas R., E. Firing, P. Hacker, P. L. Richardson, C. A. Collins, R. Fine and R. Gammon (1991) Observation of the Mindanao Current during the western equatorial Pacific Ocean Circulation Study. Journal of Geophysical Research. 96, 7089-7104.
34. 3He source at 15°S on the East Pacific Rise. Science, 214, 13-18.
35. McCartney M. S. and M. O'Neil Baringer (1993) Notes on the S. Pacific hydrographic section near 32°S-WhP P6. Woce Notes, 5, 2, 1-11.
36. McCreary J. and P. Lu (1994) On the interaction between the subtropical and equatorial ocean circulations: The subtropical cell. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 24, 466-497.
37. Menke W. (1984) Geophysical data analysis: discrete inverse theory. Academic Press, FL, 260 pp.
38. Oberhuber J. M. (1988) An Atlas Based on the 'COADS' Data Set: The Budgets of Heat, Buoyancy and Turbulent Kinetic Energy at the Surface of the Global Ocean. Report 15, Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology. Hamburg.
39. Qui B. (3995) Why is the spreading of the North Pacific Intermediate Water confined on density surfaces around σΘ = 26.8. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25, 168-180.
40. Rasmusson E. M. and T. H. Carpenter (1982) Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Monthly Weather Review, 110, 354-384.
41. Reid J. L. (1965) Intermediate waters of the Pacific Ocean, The Johns Hopkins Oceanographic Studies, No. 2, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore. 85 pp.
42. Reid J. L. (1981) On the mid-depth circulation of the World Ocean. In: Evolution of physical oceanography - scientific surveys in honor of Henry Stommel, B. A. Warren and C. Wunsch, editors, MIT Press, 623 pp.
43. Reid J. L. and A. W. Mantyla (1978) On the mid-depth circulation of the North Pacific Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 8, 946-951.
44. Robbins P. E. and H. L. Bryden (1994) Direct observations of advective nutrient and oxygen fluxes at 24°N in the Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research I, 41, 143-168.
45. Roemmich D. and T. McCallister (1989) Large scale circulation of the North Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography, 22, 171-204.
46. Roemmich D., T. McCallister and J. Swift (1991) A transpacific hydrographic section along latitude 24°N: the distribution of properties in the subtropical gyre. Deep-Sea Research, 38, suppl., 1-20.
47. Schlitzer R. (1988) Modeling the nutrient and carbon cycles of the North Atlantic 1. Circulation, mixing coefficients, and heat fluxes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93(C9), 10,699-10,723.
48. Schmilz W.J. Jr (1995) On the interbasin scale thermohaline circulation. Reviews of Geophysics, 33, 151-173.
49. Stigebrandt A. (1984) The North Pacific: a global-scale estuary. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 14, 464-470.
50. Talley L. D. (1984) Meridional heat transport in the Pacific Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 18, 89-106.
51. Talley L. D. (1991) An Okhotsk sea water anomaly: implications for ventilation in the North Pacific. Deep-Sea Research, 38, suppl., 171-190.
52. Talley L. D. (1993) Distribution and Formation of North Pacific Intermediate Water. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 23, 517-537.
53. Talley L. D. and G. C. Johnson (1994) Deep, zonal subequatorial currents. Science, 263, 1125-1128.
54. Talley L. D. and T. M. Joyce (1991) The double silica maximum in the North Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 5465-5480.
55. Talley L. D., T. M. Joyce and R. A. DeSzoeke (1991) Transpacific sections at 47°N and 152°W: distribution of properties. Deep-Sea Research, 38, suppl., 63-82.
56. Toggweiler J. R. and B. Samuels (1992) New radio carbon constraints on the upwelling of abyssal water to the ocean's surface. In: The global carbon cycle, M. Heimann, editor, NATO ASI Series, Springer, Berlin.
57. Toggweiler J. R., K. Dixon and W. S. Broecker (1991) The Peru upwelling and the ventilation of the South Pacific Thermocline. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 20,467-20,497.
58. Toole J. M., R. C. Millard, Z. Wang and S. Pu (1990) Observations of the Pacific north equatorial current bifurcation at the Philippine coast. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 20, 307-318.
59. Trenberth K. E., W. G. Large and J. C. Olson (1990) The mean annual cycle in global ocean wind stress. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 20, 1742-1760.
60. Tsuchiya M. (1968) Upper waters of the intertropical Pacific Oceans. The Johns Hopkins Oceanographic Studies, No. 4, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 50 pp.
61. Tsuchiya M. (1981) The origin of the Pacific Equatorial 13°C Water. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 11, 794-812.
62. Tsuchiya M. (1991) Flow path of the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the western equatorial South Pacific. Deep-Sea Research, 38, suppl., 273-280.
63. Uehara K. and K. Taira (1990) Deep hydrographic structure along 12°N and 13°N in the Philippine Sea. Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan, 46, 167-176.
64. Van Scoy K. A., R. A. Fine and H. G. Ostlund (1991) Two decades of mixing tritium in the North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 38(1A), S191-S220.
65. 3He dating of water masses in the Nansen Basin, Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 39, Suppl. 2., S435-S458.
66. Warner M. J. (1988) Clorofluoromethanes F-11 and F-12: their solubilities in water and seawater and studies of their distributions in the South Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California, San Diego, 124 pp.
67. Warner M. J. and R. F. Weiss (1985) Solubilities of chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12 in water and seawater. Deep-Sea Research, 32, 1485-1497.
68. Warren B. A. (1981) Deep Circulation of the World Ocean. Evolution of physical oceanography - scientific surveys in honor of Henry Stommel, B. A. Warren and C. Wunsch, editors, MIT Press, 623 pp.
69. Warren B. A. (1983) Why is no deep water formed in the North Pacific? Journal of Marine Research, 41, 327-347.
70. Weare B. C., P. T. Strub and M. D. Samuel (1981) Annual mean surface heat fluxes in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 11, 705-717.
71. Weiss R. F. (1970) The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in water and seawater. Deep-Sea Research, 17, 347-349.
72. Wijffels S. E. (1993) Exchanges Between Gyres and Hemispheres: A Direct Approach to the Mean Circulation of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Ph.D. Dissertation, MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography, 294 pp.
73. Wijffels S. E., R. W. Schmitt, H. L. Bryden and A. Stigebrandt (1992) Transport of freshwater by the oceans. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 22, 155-162.
74. Wijffels S. E., E. Firing and H. L. Bryden (1994) Direct observations of the Ekman balance at 10°N in the Pacific. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 24, 1666-1679.
75. Wijffeis S. E., E. Firing and J. Toole (1995) The mean structure and variability of the Mindanao Current at 8°N. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(C9), 18,421-18,435.
76. Worthington L. V. (1981) The water masses of the world ocean: some results of a find-scale census. In: Evolution of physical oceanography - scientific surveys in honor of Henry Stommel, B. A. Warren and C. Wunsch, editors, MIT Press, 623 pp.
77. Wunsch C., D. Hu and B. Grant (1983) Mass, heat and nutrient fluxes in the South Pacific Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 13, 725-753.
78. Wyrtki K. (1965) The average annual heat balance of the North Pacific Ocean and its relation to ocean circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 70, 4547-4559.
79. Wyrtki K. (1967) Circulation and water masses in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. International Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 1, 117-147.
80. Wyrtki K. and B. Kilonsky (1984) Mean water and current structure during the Hawaii-to-Tahiti shuttle experiment. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 14, 242-254.
81. Yuan X. and L. D. Talley (1992) Shallow salinity minima in the North Pacific. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 22, 1303-1316.