Amorphization of graphite induced by mechanical milling and subsequent crystallization of the amorphous carbon upon heat treating

Journal of Materials Research

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 733-738

  Tang, J ^a   Zhao, W ^a   Li, L ^a   Falster, A U ^a   Simmons Jr , W B ^a   Zhou, W L ^b   Ikuhara, Y ^b   Zhang, J H ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW ORLEANS   (United States)

^b JAPAN FINE CERAMICS CENTER   (Japan)

^c XAVIER UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMORPHIZATION; AMORPHOUS MATERIALS; CRYSTALLIZATION; DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS; HEAT TREATMENT; MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION; MILLING (MACHINING); X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

CARBON CRYSTALLIZATION; GRAPHITE AMORPHIZATION;

GRAPHITE;

EID: 0030110236     PISSN: 08842914     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1557/JMR.1996.0088     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. A. W. Weeber and H. Bakker, Physica B 153, 93 (1988).
2. C. C. Koch, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 117/118, 670 (1990).
3. E. Gaffet and M. Harmelin, J. Less-Comm. Metals 157, 201 (1990).
4. T. D. Shen, C. C. Koch, T. L. McCormick, R. L. Nemanich, J. Y. Huang, and J. G. Huang, J. Mater. Res. 10, 139 (1995).
5. T. Tanaka, S. Nasu, K. N. Ishihara, and P. H. Singu, J. Less-Comm. Metals 171, 237 (1991)
6. B. C. Cullity, Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, 2nd ed. (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1978), p. 410.
7. W. L. Zhou, Y. Ikuhara, W. Zhao, and J. Tang, Carbon 33, 1177 (1995).
8. T. D. Shen, W.Q. Ge, K. Y. Wang, M. X. Quan, J.T. Wang, W.D. Wei, and C.C. Koch, unpublished.
9. K. Niwase, T. Tanaka, Y. Kakimoto, K. N. Ishihara, and P. H. Shingu, Mater. Trans. JIM 36, 282 (1995).
10. E. Ma and M. Atzmon, private communication.
11. A. Calka and A. P. Radlinski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 119 (1991).
12. H. E. Kissinger, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand, 57, 217 (1956).
13. K. Zellama, P. Germain, S. Squelard, J. C. Bourgoin, and P. A. Thomas, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 6995 (1979).
14. U. Köster, Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci. 10, 129 (1979).
15. I. S. McLintock and J. C. Orr, in Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, edited by J. P. L. Walker and P. A. Thrower (Dekker, New York, 1973). p. 243.
16. J. Biscoe and B. E. Warren, J. Appl. Phys. 13, 364 (1942).
17. K. Kinoshita, Carbon, Electrochemical and Physicochemical Properties (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988), p. 56.
18. T. J. Kondo and R. Sinclair, Acta Metall. Mater. 43, 471 (1995).
19. W. L. Holstein, R. D. Moorhead, H. Poppa, and M. Boudart, in Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, edited by P. A. Thrower (Dekker, New York, 1982), p. 139.
20. A. R. Nyaiesh and W. B. Nowak, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1, 308 (1983).
21. S. A. Solin, N. Wada, and J. Wong, Inst. Phys. Conf., Ser. 43, 721 (1979).
22. B. B. Bokhonov, I. G. Konstanchuk, and V. V. Boldyrev, J. Alloys Comp. 191, 239 (1993).
23. E. Gaffet, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 136, 161 (1991).
24. E. Gaffet, N. Malhourux-Gaffet, M. Abdellaoui, and A. Malchère, La revue de Métallurgie-CIT/Science et Génie des Matériaux Mai, 757 (1994).
25. D. R. Clarke, M. C. Kroll, P. D. Kirchner, R. F. Cook, and B. J. Hockey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2156 (1988).
26. M. Nakamizo, H. Honda, and M. Inagaki, Carbon 16, 281 (1978).
27. D. Beeman, J. Silverman, R. Lynds, and M. R. Anderson, Phys. Rev. B 30 870 (1984).
28. G. Galli, R. M. Martin, R. Car, and M. Parrinello, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 555 (1989).
29. J. Tersoff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2879 (1988).
30. P. C. Kelires, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1854 (1992).
31. F. Li and J. S. Lannin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1905 (1990).