Plutonium dioxide particle properties as a function of calcination temperature

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

Volumn 235, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 216-224

  Machuron Mandard, Xavier ^a   Madic, Charles ^b  

^a Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique   (France)

^b INSTITUT DE RADIOPROTECTION ET DE SÛRETÉ NUCLÉAIRE   (France)

Author keywords

Calcination temperature; Plutonium dioxide; Plutonium oxalate; Powder sample characterization; Specific surface area

Indexed keywords

CALCINATION; CHARACTERIZATION; CRYSTALS; MORPHOLOGY; POROSITY; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; SURFACE STRUCTURE; THERMAL EFFECTS;

MASS DISTRIBUTION; MICROCRYSTAL NUMBER; MICROCRYSTAL SIZE; OXIDE CALCINATION TEMPERATURE; PLUTONIUM DIOXIDE; PLUTONIUM OXALATE; POWDER SAMPLE CHARACTERIZATION; SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA;

PLUTONIUM COMPOUNDS;

EID: 0030108924     PISSN: 09258388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0925-8388(95)02122-1     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. J.T. Long, Engineering for Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing, American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, 1978, pp. 273-325.
2. J.E. Battles, W.E. Miller and E.C. Gay, Pyrometallurgical processing of integral fast reactor metal fuels, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Waste Management, RECOD'91, Sendai, Japan, April 14-18, 1991, Vol I, pp. 342-347.
3. T. Kobayashi and M. Tokiwai, Development of TRAIL, a simulation code for the molten salt electrorefining of spent nuclear fuel, J. Alloys Comp., 197 (1993) 7.
4. R.E. Blanco and C.D. Watson, Head-end processes for solid fuels, in S.M. Stoller and R.B. Richards (eds.), Reactor Handbook, vol. II, Fuel Reprocessing, Interscience, New York, 1961, pp. 23-106.
5. J. Sauteron, Les Combustibles Nucléaires, Hermann, Paris, 1965, pp. 337-415.
6. E. Henrich, Chemie der PUREX-Eingangsstufe, in F. Baumgärtner (ed.), Chemie der Nuklearen Entsorgung, Teil III, Karl Thiemig, Munich, 1980, pp. 85-109.
7. A. Bekiarian and G. Le Bastard, MOX manufacturing perspectives in a fast growing future and the MELOX plant, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Waste Management, RECOD'91, Sendai, Japan, April 14-18, 1991, Vol. I, pp. 201-206.
8. W. Fournier and G. Dalverny, Le combustible MOX et l'usine de fabrication Melox, Rev. Gen. Nucl., 1 (1995) 34.
9. J.L. Ryan and L.A. Bray, Dissolution of plutonium dioxide - a critical review, in J.D. Navratil and W.W. Schulz (eds.), Actinide Separations, ACS Symp. Ser. 117, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1980, pp. 499-514.
10. J.L. Ryan, L.A. Bray, E.J. Wheelwright and G.H. Bryan, Catalyzed electrolytic plutonium oxide dissolution, in L.R. Morss and J. Fuger (eds.), Transuranium Elements, a Half Century, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1992, pp. 288-304.
11. J. Bourges, C. Madic, G. Koehly and M. Lecomte, Dissolution du bioxyde de plutonium en milieu nitrique par l'argent(II) électrogénéré, J. Less-Common Met., 122 (1986) 303.
12. 2 under oxidizing conditions, and applications, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Waste Management, RECOD'91, Sendai, Japan, April 14-18, 1991, Vol. II, pp. 715-720.
13. Y. Zundelevich, The mediated electrochemical dissolution of plutonium oxide: kinetics and mechanism, J. Alloys Comp., 182 (1992) 115.
14. 2 dissolution, Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Waste Management, RECOD'94, London, UK, April 24-28, 1994, Vol. II.
15. X. Machuron-Mandard, Etude de la cinétique et du mécanisme de la réaction de dissolution du bioxyde de plutonium par l'ion Cr(II) en solution acide, Ph.D. Thesis, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris VI, 1991.
16. X. Machuron-Mandard and C. Madic, Basic studies on the kinetics and mechanism of the rapid dissolution reaction of plutonium dioxide under reducing conditions in acidic media, J. Alloys Comp., 213-214 (1994) 100.
17. A. Zangwill, Physics at Surfaces, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1990.
18. P. Barret, Cinétique Hétérogène, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1973, pp. 84-96.
19. Th. Wolkenstein, Théorie Electronique de la Catalyse sur les Semi-Conducteurs, Masson, Paris, 1961.
20. V. Barou and Th. Wolkenstein, Effet de l'Irradiation sur les Propriétés des Semi-Conducteurs, Mir Publications, Moscow, 1982.
21. J.P. Jolivet, De la Solution à l'Oxyde, InterEditions-CNRS Editions, Paris, 1994, pp. 255-308; 343-383.
22. B. Mandelbrot, Les Objets Fractals, Flammarion, Paris, 1989.
23. B. Delmon, Introduction à la Cinétique Hétérogène, Technip, Paris, 1969.
24. J.M. Cleveland, Solution chemistry of plutonium, in O.J. Wick (ed.), Plutonium Handbook - A Guide to the Technology, Vols. I&II, American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, 1980, pp. 456-463.
25. J.J. Katz, G.T. Seaborg and L.R. Morss, The Chemistry of Actinide Elements, Chapman-Hall, London, 1986, pp. 550-569.
26. J.M. Cleveland, Compounds of plutonium, in O.J. Wick (ed.), Plutonium Handbook - A Guide to the Technology, Vols. I&II, American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, 1980, p. 374.
27. DAMRI, Radionucléides, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-DAMRI, Saclay, 1991.
28. M. Ganivet and A. Benhamou, Comparaison de deux méthodes de détermination du rapport oxygène-métal dans les oxydes mixtes d'uranium et de plutonium, in Analytical Methods in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, IAEA Symp. Proc., Vienna, November 29-December 3, 1971, Rep. IAEA-SM-149/51, 1972, pp. 23-33.
29. F. Toci, F.T. Ewart and M. Cambini, Determination of oxygen potentials and O/M ratios of oxide nuclear reactor fuels by means of an automated solid state galvanic cell, Rep. EUR 10948 EN, 1987 (Commission of the European Communities -JRC Ispra).
30. G. Mühling, Stoichiometry in nuclear fuel oxides, Rep. IGC-121 C, 1991, pp. 50-57 (Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam).
31. J.M. Cleveland, Compounds of plutonium, in O.J. Wick (ed.), Plutonium Handbook - A Guide to the Technology, Vols. I&II, American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, 1980, pp. 339-345.
32. T.D. Chikalla, C.E. McNeilly and R.E. Skavdahl, The plutonium-oxygen system, J. Nucl. Mater., 12 (1964) 131.
33. J.L. Stakebake, D.T. Larson and J.M. Haschke, Characterization of the plutonium-water reaction, II: Formation of a binary oxide containing Pu(VI), J. Alloys Comp., 202 (1993) 251.
34. J.L. Drummond and G.A. Welch, The preparation and properties of some plutonium compounds. Part VI. Plutonium dioxide, J. Chem. Soc., (1957) 4781.
35. G.R. Waterbury, R.M. Douglass and C.F. Metz, Thermogravimetric behavior of plutonium metal, nitrate, sulfate, and oxalate, Anal. Chem., 33 (1961) 1018.
36. L. Brewer, The thermodynamic properties of the oxides and their vaporization processes, Chem. Rev., 52 (1953) 1.
37. E.E. Jackson and M.H. Rand, The oxidation behaviour of plutonium dioxide and solid solutions containing plutonium dioxide, Rep. AERE-R-3636, 1963 (United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell, UK).
38. J.L. Stakebake and M.R. Dringman, Adsorption of oxygen on sintered plutonium dioxide, J. Nucl. Mater., 23 (1967) 349.
39. V.K. Rao, I.C. Pius, M. Subbarao, A. Chinnusamy and P.R. Natarajan, Precipitation of plutonium oxalate from homogeneous solutions, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 100 (1986) 12.
40. W.H. Zachariasen, Nat. Nucl. Energ. Serv. Div. IV, 14 (1949) B-1442; B-1489.
41. J.J. Katz, G.T. Seaborg and L.R. Morss, The Chemistry of Actinide Elements, Chapman-Hall, London, 1986, pp. 680-690.
42. A. Guinier, Théorie et Technique de la Radiocristallographie, Dunod, Paris, 1956, pp. 462-489.
43. B. Kanellakopulos, E. Dornberger, J. Müller, F. Baumgärtner, U. Benedict and D. Dufour, Über die Löslichkeit von Plutoniumdioxid in Salpetersäure, Rep. KfK 3353-EUR 7989d, 1983 (Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe).
44. 2 microstructures, Rep. DP-MS-76-34, 1976 (Dupont de Nemours).
45. T. Allen, Analyse Chimique et Caractérisations-Granulométrie, Techniques del'Ingénieur, Paris, 1988, p. 1040.
46. W.F. Tanner, C. Christiansen, D. Hartmann, J.P.M. Syvitski, S. Sengupta, J.K. Ghosh and B.S. Mazumder, Data interpretation and manipulation, in J.P.M. Syvitski (ed.), Principles, Methods, and Application of Particle Size Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1991, pp. 223-279.
47. M. Moreau and A. Mathieu, Statistique Appliquée à l'Expérimentation, Eyrolles, Paris, 1979, pp. 95-96.
48. D.B. Siano, The log-normal distribution function, J. Chem. Educ., 49 (1972) 755.
49. W. Müller and J.C. Spirlet, Progrès récents en croissance cristalline des actinides et de leurs composés, Rev. Chim. Miner., 20 (1983) 786.
50. J.C. Spirlet and O. Vogt, Sample preparation and crystal growth for solid state actinide research, in A.J. Freeman and G.H. Lander, Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Actinides, Elsevier, 1984, pp. 79-151.
51. J.C. Spirlet, W. Müller and J. van Audenhove, Single crystal growth of actinide compounds, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. A, 236 (1985) 489.
52. C.B. Finch and G.W. Clark, High-temperature solution growth of single-crystal plutonium dioxide, J. Cryst. Growth, 12 (1972) 181.
53. 2 obtained by oxalate precipitation and calcination, Ceram. Bull., 54 (1975) 1061.
54. J.H. de Boer, The BET-method, in D.H. Everett and R.H. Ottewill (eds.), Surface Area Determination, Butterworths, London, 1970, pp. 7-24.
55. J. Charpin and B. Rasneur, Analyse Chimique et Caractérisations-Mesure des Surfaces Spécifiques, Techniques de l'Ingénieur, Paris, 1982, p. 1045.
56. J. Edwards, G.R. Chilton, J.R. Stanbridge and W. Baxter, The conversion of plutonium into thermal reactor MOX fuel in the UK, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Waste Management, RECOD'91, Sendai, Japan, April 14-18, 1991, Vol. I, pp. 207-212.
57. M. Agarande, Lixiviation de déchets solides plutonifères par des solutions de réducteurs électrogénérés, Rep. CEA-R-5597, 1992 (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique).