Solid-based processes for the direct reduction of iron

International Journal of Energy Research

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 255-278

  Zervas, T ^a   Mcmullan, J T ^a   Williams, B C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Direct reduction; Iron production

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; CHEMICAL REACTORS; COAL; COAL GASIFICATION; COSTS; INDUSTRIAL WASTES; IRON AND STEEL PLANTS; METHANOL; PEAT;

COAL BASED ROTARY REACTORS; GAS BASED DIRECT REDUCTION OF IRON; GASIFIER; IRON PRODUCTION;

IRON ORE REDUCTION;

EID: 0030106599     PISSN: 0363907X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-114X(199603)20:3<255::AID-ER267>3.0.CO;2-S     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Barcza, N. (1986). 'The development of large-scale thermal-plasma systems', J. South African Inst. Mining & Metallurgy, August, pp. 317-333.
2. Bold, A. and Evanst, N. (1977). 'Direct reduction down under: the New Zealand story', Iron & Steel International, pp. 145-152.
3. Chatterjee, A. (ed.) (1994). Beyond the Blast Furnace, CRC Press, U.S.A.
4. Dancy, T. (1990). 'Solid state reduction or iron ores', Elliot Symp. Proc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. pp. 11-31.
5. Davis, C., McFarlin, J. and Pratt, H. (1982). 'Direct-reduction technology and economics', Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 9, 93-129.
6. Duisemberg, Ed. dos S. (1993). 'Steel industry metals', Metals & Minerals Ann. Rev., pp. 58-62.
7. Duisemberg, E. dos S. (1994). 'Steel industry metals', Metals & Minerals Ann. Rev., pp. 51-55.
8. Eketorp, S. (1987). 'Energy considerations of classical and new iron and steel-making technology', Energy, 12, 1153-1168.
9. Eriksson, S., Johansson, B. and Santen, S. (1987). 'Applications of plasma technology to steelplant waste treatment', Plasma Technology in Metallurgical Processing, Iron & Steel Society, U.S.A.
10. Fey, M. (1985). 'Plasma technology for the steel industry', Iron & Steel Eng., 38-45.
11. Griffiths, J. (1995). 'Gasification', Chem. Eng., August, 15-16.
12. Herlitz, H., Johansson, B. and Santen, S. (1984). 'A new family of reduction processes based on plasma technology', Iron & Steel Eng., March, pp. 39-44.
13. Hoddinott, P. (1992). 'Energy minerals (coal)', Metals & Minerals Ann. Rev., pp. 118.
14. Hoddinott, P. (1993). 'Energy minerals (coal)', Metals & Minerals Ann. Rev., pp. 121.
15. Hoddinott, P. (1994). 'Energy minerals (coal)', Metals & Minerals Ann. Rev., pp. 105.
16. Lankford, W., Samways, N., Craven, R. and McGannon, H. (eds) (1985). The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel, United States Steel, U.S.A.
17. Leckie, H., Millar, A. and Medley, J. (1982). 'Short and long term prospects for energy economy in steelmaking', Ironmaking & Steelmaking, pp. 222-235.
18. Mathisson, G. (1982). 'PLASMARED - The low-energy coal-based direct reduction process', AISE Year Book, pp. 216-217.
19. Metals & Minerals Ann. Rev., (1992). Steel Industry Metals, pp. 57-64.
20. Meyers, R. (ed) (1984). Handbook of Synfuels Technology, McGraw-Hill, U.S.A.
21. Mitsubishi (1991). 'Apparatus for manufacturing iron by melting and reduction', European Patent Publication Number 0 488 429 A2.
22. Oeters, F. and Saatci, A. (eds) (1987). Mass and Heat Balances during the Reduction of Iron Process, Stahleisen, Germany.
23. Open University (1979). Iron and Steel Production, Open University Press, U.K.
24. OTA report (1980). Technology and Steel Industry Competitiveness, OTA, U.S.A.
25. Ozum, B., Kovacik, G. and Chambers, A. (1993). 'Coal gasification gas cleanup', Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, pp. 847-851.
26. Report (1987). Technoeconomic Assessment of Electric Steelmaking Through the Year 2000, Center for Metals Production, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
27. Rosenqvist, T. (ed.) (1983). Principles of Extractive Metallurgy, McGraw-Hill U.S.A.
28. Santen, S. (1980). 'Plasmared - a new technology for the manufacture of sponge iron', Steel Times, March, pp. 219-220.
29. Santen, S., Bentell, L., Johansson, B. and Westerlund, P. (1987). 'Applications of Plasma Technology in Ironmaking, Plasma Technology in Metallurgical Processing', Iron & Steel Society, U.S.A.
30. Scott, D. (ed) (1994). Developments Affecting Metallurgical Uses of Coal, IEA Coal Research, England, U.K.
31. Smith, R. and Corbett, M. (1987). 'Coal-based ironmaking', Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 14, 49-76.
32. Smith, R. and Corbett, M. (1988). 'Coal-based ironmaking', Process Technol. Conf. Proc., Toronto, Canada, pp. 147-178.
33. Steffen, R. (1989). 'Direct reduction and smelting reduction-an overview', Steel Research, 60, 96-103.
34. Steffen, R. and Lungen, H. (1988). 'Current state of the direct reduction of iron ores to sponge iron', Metallurgical Plant & Technol., 18-25.
35. Steinmetz. E., Steffen, R. and Thielmann, R. (1986). 'Present state and development potential of processes for the direct reduction and smelting reduction', Metallurgical Plant & Technol., pp. 24-39.
36. Stephenson, R. and Smaller, R. (eds) (1980). 'Direct reduced iron', Iron & Steel Soc. AIME, U.S.A.
37. Strassburger, J. (ed.) (1969). Blast Furnace Theory and Practice, Gordon & Breach, U.S.A.
38. Zervas, T., McMullan, J. T. and Williams, B. (1996a). 'Developments in iron and steel making', Int. J. Energy Research, 20, 69-91.
39. Zervas, T., McMullan, J. T. and Williams, B. (1996b). 'Gas-based direct reduction processes for iron and steel production', Int. J. Energy Research, 20, 157-186.