메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 455-474

Unconstrained handwritten numeral recognition based on radial basis competitive and cooperative networks with spatio-temporal feature representation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; BACKPROPAGATION; CHARACTER RECOGNITION; FEATURE EXTRACTION; HEURISTIC METHODS; MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS; STATISTICAL METHODS; THREE DIMENSIONAL; VECTORS;

EID: 0030104656     PISSN: 10459227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/72.485680     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0017517413 scopus 로고
    • Syntactic recognition of handwritten numerals
    • July
    • F. Ali and T. Pavlidis, "Syntactic recognition of handwritten numerals," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., vol. SMC-7, pp. 537-541, July 1977.
    • (1977) IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. , vol.SMC-7 , pp. 537-541
    • Ali, F.1    Pavlidis, T.2
  • 2
    • 84973857317 scopus 로고
    • ART2: Stable self-organization of pattern recognition codes for analog input patterns
    • G. Carpenter and S. Grossberg, "ART2: Stable self-organization of pattern recognition codes for analog input patterns," Appl. Opt., vol. 26, pp. 4919-4930, 1987.
    • (1987) Appl. Opt. , vol.26 , pp. 4919-4930
    • Carpenter, G.1    Grossberg, S.2
  • 3
    • 0024863473 scopus 로고
    • Neural network models for pattern recognition and associative memory
    • G. Carpenter, "Neural network models for pattern recognition and associative memory," Neural Networks, vol. 2, pp. 243-257, 1989.
    • (1989) Neural Networks , vol.2 , pp. 243-257
    • Carpenter, G.1
  • 4
    • 0026116468 scopus 로고
    • Orthogonal least squares learning algorithm for radial basis function networks
    • Mar.
    • S. Chen, C. F. N. Cowan, and P. M. Grant, "Orthogonal least squares learning algorithm for radial basis function networks," IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, vol. 2, pp. 302-309, Mar. 1991.
    • (1991) IEEE Trans. Neural Networks , vol.2 , pp. 302-309
    • Chen, S.1    Cowan, C.F.N.2    Grant, P.M.3
  • 5
    • 0026097068 scopus 로고
    • Constrained topological mapping for nonparametric regression analysis
    • V. Cherkassky and H. Lari-Najafi, "Constrained topological mapping for nonparametric regression analysis," Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 27-40, 1991.
    • (1991) Neural Networks , vol.4 , pp. 27-40
    • Cherkassky, V.1    Lari-Najafi, H.2
  • 7
    • 0016470290 scopus 로고
    • Experiments in the contextual recognition of cursive script
    • Feb.
    • R. W. Enrich and K. J. Kochler, "Experiments in the contextual recognition of cursive script," IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. C-24, pp. 182-195, Feb. 1975.
    • (1975) IEEE Trans. Comput. , vol.C-24 , pp. 182-195
    • Enrich, R.W.1    Kochler, K.J.2
  • 8
    • 0026155551 scopus 로고
    • Handwritten alphanumeric character recognition by the neocognitron
    • May
    • K. Fukushima and N. Wake, "Handwritten alphanumeric character recognition by the neocognitron," IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, vol. 2, pp. 355-365, May 1991.
    • (1991) IEEE Trans. Neural Networks , vol.2 , pp. 355-365
    • Fukushima, K.1    Wake, N.2
  • 9
    • 0024866495 scopus 로고
    • On the approximate realization of continuous mappings by neural networks
    • K. Funahashi, "On the approximate realization of continuous mappings by neural networks," Neural Networks, vol. 2, pp. 183-192, 1989.
    • (1989) Neural Networks , vol.2 , pp. 183-192
    • Funahashi, K.1
  • 11
    • 0023515080 scopus 로고
    • Counterpropagation networks
    • Dec.
    • _, "Counterpropagation networks," Appl. Opt., vol. 26, pp. 4979-4984, Dec. 1987.
    • (1987) Appl. Opt. , vol.26 , pp. 4979-4984
  • 12
    • 0025964567 scopus 로고
    • Backpropagation algorithm which varies the number of hidden units
    • Y. Hirose, K. Yamashita, and S. Hijiya, "Backpropagation algorithm which varies the number of hidden units," Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 61-66, 1991.
    • (1991) Neural Networks , vol.4 , pp. 61-66
    • Hirose, Y.1    Yamashita, K.2    Hijiya, S.3
  • 13
    • 0004469897 scopus 로고
    • Neural networks with graded response have collective computational properties like those of two-state units
    • J. I. Hopfield, "Neural networks with graded response have collective computational properties like those of two-state units," in Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol. 81, 1984, pp. 3088-3092.
    • (1984) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol.81 , pp. 3088-3092
    • Hopfield, J.I.1
  • 14
    • 0024880831 scopus 로고
    • Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators
    • K. Hornik, M. Stinchcombe, and H. White, "Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators," Neural Networks, vol. 2, pp. 359-366, 1989.
    • (1989) Neural Networks , vol.2 , pp. 359-366
    • Hornik, K.1    Stinchcombe, M.2    White, H.3
  • 15
    • 0025627940 scopus 로고
    • Approximation capabilities of multilayer feedforward networks
    • K. Hornik, "Approximation capabilities of multilayer feedforward networks," Neural Networks, vol. 3, pp. 551-560, 1990.
    • (1990) Neural Networks , vol.3 , pp. 551-560
    • Hornik, K.1
  • 16
    • 1542290429 scopus 로고
    • On the relations between radial basis function networks and fuzzy systems
    • Baltimore, MD, June
    • P. A. Jokinen, "On the relations between radial basis function networks and fuzzy systems," in Proc. 1992 Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks, Baltimore, MD, June 1992, pp. I 220-225.
    • (1992) Proc. 1992 Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks
    • Jokinen, P.A.1
  • 17
    • 33747628119 scopus 로고
    • An adaptive algorithm for modifying hyperellipsoidal decision surfaces
    • Baltimore, MD, June
    • P. M. Kelly, D. R. Hush, and J. M. White, "An adaptive algorithm for modifying hyperellipsoidal decision surfaces," in Proc. 1992 Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks, Baltimore, MD, June 1992, pp. IV 196-201.
    • (1992) Proc. 1992 Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks
    • Kelly, P.M.1    Hush, D.R.2    White, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 0000147343 scopus 로고
    • A self-organizing integrated segmentation and recognition neural network
    • J. Moody, R. J. Hanson, and R. P. Lippmann, Eds. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann
    • J. Koeler and D. Rumelhart, "A self-organizing integrated segmentation and recognition neural network," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems IV, J. Moody, R. J. Hanson, and R. P. Lippmann, Eds. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1992, pp. 496-503.
    • (1992) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems IV , pp. 496-503
    • Koeler, J.1    Rumelhart, D.2
  • 20
    • 0025489075 scopus 로고
    • The self-organizing map
    • Sept.
    • _, "The self-organizing map," Proc. IEEE, pp. 1464-1480, Sept. 1990.
    • (1990) Proc. IEEE , pp. 1464-1480
  • 21
    • 0023861743 scopus 로고
    • Bidirectional associative memories
    • Jan./Feb.
    • B. Kosko, "Bidirectional associative memories," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., vol. SMC-18, pp. 49-60, Jan./Feb. 1988.
    • (1988) IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. , vol.SMC-18 , pp. 49-60
    • Kosko, B.1
  • 22
    • 0026220313 scopus 로고
    • Stochastic competitive learning
    • Sept.
    • _, "Stochastic competitive learning," IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, vol. 2, pp. 522-529, Sept. 1991.
    • (1991) IEEE Trans. Neural Networks , vol.2 , pp. 522-529
  • 23
    • 85132025010 scopus 로고
    • Fuzzy function approximation
    • Baltimore, MD, June
    • _, "Fuzzy function approximation," in Proc. 1992 Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks, Baltimore, MD, June 1992, pp. I 209-213.
    • (1992) Proc. 1992 Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks
  • 25
    • 0025839504 scopus 로고
    • A Gaussian potential function network with hierarchically self-organizing learning
    • S. Lee and R. M. Kil, "A Gaussian potential function network with hierarchically self-organizing learning," Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 207-224, 1991.
    • (1991) Neural Networks , vol.4 , pp. 207-224
    • Lee, S.1    Kil, R.M.2
  • 26
    • 0024888899 scopus 로고
    • Tracing and representation of human line drawings
    • S. Lee and J. C. Pan, "Tracing and representation of human line drawings," in Proc. Int. Conf. Syst. Man Cybern., 1989, pp. 1055-1061.
    • (1989) Proc. Int. Conf. Syst. Man Cybern. , pp. 1055-1061
    • Lee, S.1    Pan, J.C.2
  • 27
    • 0026292969 scopus 로고
    • Handwritten numeral recognition based on hierarchically self-organizing learning networks
    • Singapore, Nov.
    • _, "Handwritten numeral recognition based on hierarchically self-organizing learning networks," in Proc. 1991 Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks, Singapore, Nov. 1991, pp. 1313-1322.
    • (1991) Proc. 1991 Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks , pp. 1313-1322
  • 28
    • 0026891890 scopus 로고
    • Offline tracing and representation of signatures
    • July/Aug.
    • _, n, "Offline tracing and representation of signatures," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., vol. 22, pp. 755-771, July/Aug. 1992.
    • (1992) IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. , vol.22 , pp. 755-771
  • 29
    • 77955004710 scopus 로고
    • Handwritten numeral recognition based on hierarchically self-organizing learning networks with spatio-temporal pattern representation
    • Champaign, IL, June
    • _, "Handwritten numeral recognition based on hierarchically self-organizing learning networks with spatio-temporal pattern representation," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comp. Vision Pattern Recog., Champaign, IL, June 1992, pp. 176-182.
    • (1992) Proc. IEEE Conf. Comp. Vision Pattern Recog. , pp. 176-182
  • 30
    • 33747602818 scopus 로고
    • Invariant handwritten numeral recognition with spatio-temporal feature representation
    • Buffalo, NY
    • _, "Invariant handwritten numeral recognition with spatio-temporal feature representation," Proc. 3rd Int. Wkshp. Frontiers Handwriting Recognition, Buffalo, NY, 1993, pp. 331-336.
    • (1993) Proc. 3rd Int. Wkshp. Frontiers Handwriting Recognition , pp. 331-336
  • 31
    • 33747589030 scopus 로고
    • Radial basis competitive and cooperative network with hierarchical network self-organization for bidirectional many-to-many mapping
    • Beijing, Nov.
    • S. Lee and S. Shimoji, "Radial basis competitive and cooperative network with hierarchical network self-organization for bidirectional many-to-many mapping," in 1992 Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks, Beijing, Nov. 1992.
    • (1992) 1992 Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks
    • Lee, S.1    Shimoji, S.2
  • 32
    • 0000139964 scopus 로고
    • Handwritten digit recognition using K nearest-neighbor, radial-basis function, and backpropagation neural networks
    • Y. Lee, "Handwritten digit recognition using K nearest-neighbor, radial-basis function, and backpropagation neural networks," Neural Computa., vol. 3, pp. 440-449, 1991.
    • (1991) Neural Computa. , vol.3 , pp. 440-449
    • Lee, Y.1
  • 33
    • 84904784551 scopus 로고
    • A knowledge-based stroke-matching method for Chinese character recognition
    • Nov./Dec.
    • C. H. Leung, Y. S. Cheung, and Y. L. Wong, "A knowledge-based stroke-matching method for Chinese character recognition," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., vol. SMC-11, pp. 993-1003, Nov./Dec. 1987.
    • (1987) IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. , vol.SMC-11 , pp. 993-1003
    • Leung, C.H.1    Cheung, Y.S.2    Wong, Y.L.3
  • 34
    • 0004259339 scopus 로고
    • Recognizing hand-printed letters and digits using backpropagation learning
    • G. L. Martin and J. A. Pittman, "Recognizing hand-printed letters and digits using backpropagation learning," Neural Computa., vol. 3, pp. 258-267, 1991.
    • (1991) Neural Computa. , vol.3 , pp. 258-267
    • Martin, G.L.1    Pittman, J.A.2
  • 35
    • 0000672424 scopus 로고
    • Fast learning in networks of locally timed processing units
    • T. Moody and C. J. Darken, "Fast learning in networks of locally timed processing units," Neural Computa., vol. 1, pp. 281-294, 1989.
    • (1989) Neural Computa. , vol.1 , pp. 281-294
    • Moody, T.1    Darken, C.J.2
  • 36
    • 0021461455 scopus 로고
    • Research on machine recognition of handprinted characters
    • July
    • S. Mori, K. Yamamoto, and M. Yasuda, "Research on machine recognition of handprinted characters," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., vol. PAMI-6, pp. 386-405, July 1984.
    • (1984) IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. , vol.PAMI-6 , pp. 386-405
    • Mori, S.1    Yamamoto, K.2    Yasuda, M.3
  • 37
    • 0025462743 scopus 로고
    • A comparative analysis of regional correlation, dynamic time warping and skeletal tree matching for signature verification
    • July
    • M. Parizeau and R. Plamondon, "A comparative analysis of regional correlation, dynamic time warping and skeletal tree matching for signature verification," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., vol. 12, pp. 710-717, July 1990.
    • (1990) IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. , vol.12 , pp. 710-717
    • Parizeau, M.1    Plamondon, R.2
  • 38
    • 0016575393 scopus 로고
    • Computer recognition of handwritten numerals by polygonal approximations
    • Nov.
    • T. Pavlidis and F. Ali, "Computer recognition of handwritten numerals by polygonal approximations," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., vol. SMC-5, pp. 610-614, Nov. 1975.
    • (1975) IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. , vol.SMC-5 , pp. 610-614
    • Pavlidis, T.1    Ali, F.2
  • 39
    • 0025561133 scopus 로고
    • Handwritten pattern recognition with a binary associative memory
    • San Diego, CA, June
    • W. Poechmueller and M. Glesner, "Handwritten pattern recognition with a binary associative memory," in Proc. 1990 Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks, San Diego, CA, June 1991, pp. I 873-878.
    • (1991) Proc. 1990 Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks
    • Poechmueller, W.1    Glesner, M.2
  • 40
    • 0025490985 scopus 로고
    • Networks for approximation and learning
    • Sept.
    • T. Poggio and F. Girosi, "Networks for approximation and learning," Proc. IEEE, pp. 1481-1497, Sept. 1990.
    • (1990) Proc. IEEE , pp. 1481-1497
    • Poggio, T.1    Girosi, F.2
  • 41
    • 0024920981 scopus 로고
    • A neural-network approach to character recognition
    • A. Rajavelu, M. T. Musavi, and M. V. Shirvaikar, "A neural-network approach to character recognition," Neural Networks, vol. 2, pp. 387-393, 1989.
    • (1989) Neural Networks , vol.2 , pp. 387-393
    • Rajavelu, A.1    Musavi, M.T.2    Shirvaikar, M.V.3
  • 42
    • 0020415469 scopus 로고
    • A neural model for category learning
    • D. L. Reilly, L. N. Cooper, and C. Elbaum, "A neural model for category learning," Biol. Cybern., vol. 45, pp. 35-41, 1982.
    • (1982) Biol. Cybern. , vol.45 , pp. 35-41
    • Reilly, D.L.1    Cooper, L.N.2    Elbaum, C.3
  • 44
    • 0024125407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning internal representations in the Coulomb energy network
    • C. L. Scofield, "Learning internal representations in the Coulomb energy network," in Proc. 1988 Int. Conf. Neural Networks, vol. 1, pp. 271-276.
    • Proc. 1988 Int. Conf. Neural Networks , vol.1 , pp. 271-276
    • Scofield, C.L.1
  • 45
    • 0026017007 scopus 로고
    • Creating artificial neural networks that generalize
    • J. Sietsma and R. J. F. Dow, "Creating artificial neural networks that generalize," Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 67-79, 1991.
    • (1991) Neural Networks , vol.4 , pp. 67-79
    • Sietsma, J.1    Dow, R.J.F.2
  • 46
    • 0026254768 scopus 로고
    • A general regression neural network
    • Nov.
    • D. F. Specht, "A general regression neural network," IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, vol. 2, pp. 568-576, Nov. 1991.
    • (1991) IEEE Trans. Neural Networks , vol.2 , pp. 568-576
    • Specht, D.F.1
  • 47
    • 84911264381 scopus 로고
    • High-performance reading machines
    • July
    • S. N. Srihari, "High-performance reading machines," Proc. IEEE, pp. 1120-1132, July 1992.
    • (1992) Proc. IEEE , pp. 1120-1132
    • Srihari, S.N.1
  • 48
    • 33747616248 scopus 로고
    • Recognition of printed Chinese characters by automatic pattern analysis
    • W. W. Stallings, "Recognition of printed Chinese characters by automatic pattern analysis," Comput. Graph Image Processing, vol. 1, pp. 44-65, 1972.
    • (1972) Comput. Graph Image Processing , vol.1 , pp. 44-65
    • Stallings, W.W.1
  • 49
    • 0019009104 scopus 로고
    • Automatic recognition of handprinted characters - The state of the art
    • Apr.
    • C. Y. Suen, M. Berthod, and S. Mori, "Automatic recognition of handprinted characters - The state of the art," Proc. IEEE, pp. 469-483, Apr. 1980.
    • (1980) Proc. IEEE , pp. 469-483
    • Suen, C.Y.1    Berthod, M.2    Mori, S.3
  • 50
    • 0000667212 scopus 로고
    • Computer recognition of unconstrainted handwritten numerals
    • July
    • C. Y. Suen, C. Nadal, R. Legault, T. A. Mai, and L. Lam, "Computer recognition of unconstrainted handwritten numerals," Proc. IEEE, pp. 1162-1180, July 1992.
    • (1992) Proc. IEEE , pp. 1162-1180
    • Suen, C.Y.1    Nadal, C.2    Legault, R.3    Mai, T.A.4    Lam, L.5
  • 51
    • 0026169079 scopus 로고
    • Learning structures of visual patterns from single instances
    • Y. Suganuma, "Learning structures of visual patterns from single instances," Artificial Intell., vol. 50, pp. 1-36, 1991.
    • (1991) Artificial Intell. , vol.50 , pp. 1-36
    • Suganuma, Y.1
  • 52
    • 0020203176 scopus 로고
    • Cursive script recognition by elastic matching
    • Nov.
    • C. C. Tappert, "Cursive script recognition by elastic matching," IBM J. Res. Develop., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 765-771, Nov. 1982.
    • (1982) IBM J. Res. Develop. , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 765-771
    • Tappert, C.C.1
  • 54
    • 0022186850 scopus 로고
    • Machine recognition of partial shapes using feature vectors
    • July/Aug.
    • Y. J. Tejwani and R. A. Jones, "Machine recognition of partial shapes using feature vectors," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., vol. SMC-15, pp. 504-516, July/Aug. 1985.
    • (1985) IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. , vol.SMC-15 , pp. 504-516
    • Tejwani, Y.J.1    Jones, R.A.2
  • 55
    • 0001426198 scopus 로고
    • On-line handwriting recognition
    • July
    • T. Wakahara, H. Murase, and K. Odaka, "On-line handwriting recognition," Proc. IEEE, pp. 1181-1194, July 1992.
    • (1992) Proc. IEEE , pp. 1181-1194
    • Wakahara, T.1    Murase, H.2    Odaka, K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.