Media coverage of issues and candidates: What balance is appropriate in a democracy?

Political Science Quarterly

Volumn 111, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 65-81

  Ramsden, Graham P ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0030098711     PISSN: 00323195     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2151928     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. 1 Stanley Feldman and Lee Sigelman, "The Political Impact of Prime-Time Television: The Day After,"Journal of Politics 47 (May 1985): 556-78; Shawn Rosenberg and Patrick McCafferty, "The Image and the Vote: Manipulating Voter's Preferences," Public Opinion Quarterly 51 (Spring 1987): 31-47.
2. 1 Stanley Feldman and Lee Sigelman, "The Political Impact of Prime-Time Television: The Day After,"Journal of Politics 47 (May 1985): 556-78; Shawn Rosenberg and Patrick McCafferty, "The Image and the Vote: Manipulating Voter's Preferences," Public Opinion Quarterly 51 (Spring 1987): 31-47.
3. 2 Bernard C. Cohen, The Press and Foreign Policy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963), 13.
4. 3 Shanto Iyengar and Donald B. Kinder, News that Matters: Television and American Political Opinion (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 33.
5. 4 Ibid., 80.
6. 6 Robert S. Erikson, "The Influence of Newspaper Endorsements in Presidential Elections: The Case of 1964," American Journal of Political Science 20 (May 1976): 207-233; Henry E. Brady and Richard Johnston, "What's the Primary Message? Horse Race or Issue Journalism?" in Nelson W. Polsby and Gary R. Orren, eds., Media and Momentum: The New Hampshire Primary and Nomination Politics (Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1987), 127-186.
7. 6 Robert S. Erikson, "The Influence of Newspaper Endorsements in Presidential Elections: The Case of 1964," American Journal of Political Science 20 (May 1976): 207-233; Henry E. Brady and Richard Johnston, "What's the Primary Message? Horse Race or Issue Journalism?" in Nelson W. Polsby and Gary R. Orren, eds., Media and Momentum: The New Hampshire Primary and Nomination Politics (Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1987), 127-186.
8. 6 Robert S. Erikson, "The Influence of Newspaper Endorsements in Presidential Elections: The Case of 1964," American Journal of Political Science 20 (May 1976): 207-233; Harold A. Scarrow and Steve Borman, "The Effects of Newspaper Endorsements on Election Outcomes: A Case Study," Public Opinion Quarterly, 43 (Fall 1979): 388-93; Tim Counts, "Editorial Influence on the Republican Vote in the 1948 Presidential Election," Journalism Quarterly 66 (Spring 1989): 177.
9. 6 Robert S. Erikson, "The Influence of Newspaper Endorsements in Presidential Elections: The Case of 1964," American Journal of Political Science 20 (May 1976): 207-233; Harold A. Scarrow and Steve Borman, "The Effects of Newspaper Endorsements on Election Outcomes: A Case Study," Public Opinion Quarterly, 43 (Fall 1979): 388-93; Tim Counts, "Editorial Influence on the Republican Vote in the 1948 Presidential Election," Journalism Quarterly 66 (Spring 1989): 177.
10. 6 Robert S. Erikson, "The Influence of Newspaper Endorsements in Presidential Elections: The Case of 1964," American Journal of Political Science 20 (May 1976): 207-233; Harold A. Scarrow and Steve Borman, "The Effects of Newspaper Endorsements on Election Outcomes: A Case Study," Public Opinion Quarterly, 43 (Fall 1979): 388-93; Tim Counts, "Editorial Influence on the Republican Vote in the 1948 Presidential Election," Journalism Quarterly 66 (Spring 1989): 177.
11. 7 David W. Moore, "The Manchester Union Leader in the New Hampshire Primary" in Polsby and Orren, eds., Media and Momentum, 123.
12. 8 Thomas E. Patterson, "The Press and Candidate Images," International Journal of Public Opinion Research 1 (Summer 1989): 123.
13. 9 Brady, "Is Iowa News?" 116.
14. 10 Michael J. Robinson and Margaret A. Sheehan, Over the Wire and on TV: CBS and UPI in Campaign '80 (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1983), 147-151; Brady and Johnston, "What's the Primary Message? Horse Race or Issue Journalism?" 168-178.
15. 10 Michael J. Robinson and Margaret A. Sheehan, Over the Wire and on TV: CBS and UPI in Campaign '80 (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1983), 147-151; Brady and Johnston, "What's the Primary Message? Horse Race or Issue Journalism?" 168-178.
16. 11 Larry M. Bartels, Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988), 50-53.
17. 12 Ibid., 108-135.
18. 13 Ibid., 139-171.
19. 14 Christopher F. Alterton, Media Politics (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1984), 7; James W. Ceasar, Reforming the Reforms (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1982), 60; Thomas E. Patterson, The Mass Media Election: How Americans Choose their President (New York: Praeger, 1980), 95-105.
20. 14 Christopher F. Alterton, Media Politics (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1984), 7; James W. Ceasar, Reforming the Reforms (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1982), 60; Thomas E. Patterson, The Mass Media Election: How Americans Choose their President (New York: Praeger, 1980), 95-105.
21. 14 Christopher F. Alterton, Media Politics (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1984), 7; James W. Ceasar, Reforming the Reforms (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1982), 60; Thomas E. Patterson, The Mass Media Election: How Americans Choose their President (New York: Praeger, 1980), 95-105.
22. 15 John G. Geer, Nominating Presidents: An Evaluation of Voters and Primaries (New York: Greenwood, 1989), 96.
23. 16 Charles K. Atkin, John Galloway, and Oguz B. Nayman, "News Media Exposure, Political Knowledge and Campaign Interest," Journalism Quarterly 53 (Summer 1976): 231-37.
24. 17 Iyengar and Kinder, News that Matters, 16-33.
25. 18 V. O. Key, Jr., The Responsible Electorate (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1966), 1-8.
26. 19 Daniel C. Williams, Stephen J. Weber, Gordon A. Haaland, Ronald H. Mueller, and Robert Craig, "Voter Decision-making in a Primary Election: An Evaluation of Three Models of Choice," American Journal of Political Science 20 (February 1976): 37-49; J. David Gopoian, "Issue Preferences and Candidate Choice in Presidential Primaries," American Journal of Political Science 26 (August 1982), 523-46; Barbara Norrander, "Correlates of Vote Choice in the 1980 Presidential Primaries," Journal of Politics 48 (February 1986): 156-66; Alan I. Abromowitz, "Candidate Choice Before the Convention," Political Behavior 9 (March 1987): 49-61; Patrick J. Kenney and Tom W. Rice, "Voter Turnout in Presidential Primaries," Political Behavior 7 (June 1985): 101-12.
27. 19 Daniel C. Williams, Stephen J. Weber, Gordon A. Haaland, Ronald H. Mueller, and Robert Craig, "Voter Decision-making in a Primary Election: An Evaluation of Three Models of Choice," American Journal of Political Science 20 (February 1976): 37-49; J. David Gopoian, "Issue Preferences and Candidate Choice in Presidential Primaries," American Journal of Political Science 26 (August 1982), 523-46; Barbara Norrander, "Correlates of Vote Choice in the 1980 Presidential Primaries," Journal of Politics 48 (February 1986): 156-66; Alan I. Abromowitz, "Candidate Choice Before the Convention," Political Behavior 9 (March 1987): 49-61; Patrick J. Kenney and Tom W. Rice, "Voter Turnout in Presidential Primaries," Political Behavior 7 (June 1985): 101-12.
28. 19 Daniel C. Williams, Stephen J. Weber, Gordon A. Haaland, Ronald H. Mueller, and Robert Craig, "Voter Decision-making in a Primary Election: An Evaluation of Three Models of Choice," American Journal of Political Science 20 (February 1976): 37-49; J. David Gopoian, "Issue Preferences and Candidate Choice in Presidential Primaries," American Journal of Political Science 26 (August 1982), 523-46; Barbara Norrander, "Correlates of Vote Choice in the 1980 Presidential Primaries," Journal of Politics 48 (February 1986): 156-66; Alan I. Abromowitz, "Candidate Choice Before the Convention," Political Behavior 9 (March 1987): 49-61; Patrick J. Kenney and Tom W. Rice, "Voter Turnout in Presidential Primaries," Political Behavior 7 (June 1985): 101-12.
29. 19 Daniel C. Williams, Stephen J. Weber, Gordon A. Haaland, Ronald H. Mueller, and Robert Craig, "Voter Decision-making in a Primary Election: An Evaluation of Three Models of Choice," American Journal of Political Science 20 (February 1976): 37-49; J. David Gopoian, "Issue Preferences and Candidate Choice in Presidential Primaries," American Journal of Political Science 26 (August 1982), 523-46; Barbara Norrander, "Correlates of Vote Choice in the 1980 Presidential Primaries," Journal of Politics 48 (February 1986): 156-66; Alan I. Abromowitz, "Candidate Choice Before the Convention," Political Behavior 9 (March 1987): 49-61; Patrick J. Kenney and Tom W. Rice, "Voter Turnout in Presidential Primaries," Political Behavior 7 (June 1985): 101-12.
30. 19 Daniel C. Williams, Stephen J. Weber, Gordon A. Haaland, Ronald H. Mueller, and Robert Craig, "Voter Decision-making in a Primary Election: An Evaluation of Three Models of Choice," American Journal of Political Science 20 (February 1976): 37-49; J. David Gopoian, "Issue Preferences and Candidate Choice in Presidential Primaries," American Journal of Political Science 26 (August 1982), 523-46; Barbara Norrander, "Correlates of Vote Choice in the 1980 Presidential Primaries," Journal of Politics 48 (February 1986): 156-66; Alan I. Abromowitz, "Candidate Choice Before the Convention," Political Behavior 9 (March 1987): 49-61; Patrick J. Kenney and Tom W. Rice, "Voter Turnout in Presidential Primaries," Political Behavior 7 (June 1985): 101-12.
31. 20 Bartels, Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice, 108-135.
32. 21 Gopoian, "Issue Preferences and Candidate Choice in Presidential Primaries," 523-46; Thomas R. Marshall, "Issues, Personalities, and Presidential Primary Voters," Social Science Quarterly 65 (September 1984): 750-60; Norrander, "Correlates of Vote Choice in the 1980 Presidential Primaries," 156-66; Bartels, Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice, 86.
33. 21 Gopoian, "Issue Preferences and Candidate Choice in Presidential Primaries," 523-46; Thomas R. Marshall, "Issues, Personalities, and Presidential Primary Voters," Social Science Quarterly 65 (September 1984): 750-60; Norrander, "Correlates of Vote Choice in the 1980 Presidential Primaries," 156-66; Bartels, Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice, 86.
34. 21 Gopoian, "Issue Preferences and Candidate Choice in Presidential Primaries," 523-46; Thomas R. Marshall, "Issues, Personalities, and Presidential Primary Voters," Social Science Quarterly 65 (September 1984): 750-60; Norrander, "Correlates of Vote Choice in the 1980 Presidential Primaries," 156-66; Bartels, Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice, 86.
35. 21 Gopoian, "Issue Preferences and Candidate Choice in Presidential Primaries," 523-46; Thomas R. Marshall, "Issues, Personalities, and Presidential Primary Voters," Social Science Quarterly 65 (September 1984): 750-60; Norrander, "Correlates of Vote Choice in the 1980 Presidential Primaries," 156-66; Bartels, Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice, 86.
36. 22 Iyengar and Kinder, News that Matters, 63-72.
37. 23 Patterson, The Mass Media Election, 95-105.
38. 24 Dean Alger, The Media and Politics (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1989), 6.
39. 25 Carl J. Friedrich, Constitutional Government and Democracy (Waltham, MA: Blaisdell, 1968), 502.
40. 26 Alger, The Media and Politics, 7.
41. 27 Ibid.
42. 28 Brady and Johnston, "What's the Primary Message?" 133.
43. 29 Edward G. Carmines and James A. Stimson, "The Two Faces of Issue Voting," American Political Science Review 74 (March 1980): 79.
44. 30 Patterson, The Mass Media Election, 174.
45. 31 Carmines and Stimson, "The Two Faces of Issue Voting," 79.
46. 32 Jean Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract (New York: Hafher, 1947), 95-96. (Original work published in 1762.)
47. 33 Ibid.
48. 34 Stanley Kelley, Interpreting Elections (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983), 11.
49. 35 Bernard R. Berelson, Paul F. Lazarsfeld, and William N. McPhee, Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954), 306-311.
50. 36 Ibid., 309.
51. 37 Ibid., 308.
52. 38 Ibid, 308-309.
53. 39 Walter J. Stone, Republic at Risk: Self-Interest in American Politics (Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks Cole, 1990), 28.
54. 40 Ibid., 50-52.
55. 41 Gary Orren, "The Linkage of Policy to Participation" in Alexander Heard and Michael Nelson, eds., Presidential Selection (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1987), 75-119.
56. 42 Ibid., 77.
57. 43 Anthony Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York: Harper & Row, 1957), 50-51.
58. 44 Christopher H. Achen, "Democracy, Media, and Presidential Primaries" in Peverill Squire, ed., The Iowa Caucuses and the Presidential Nominating Process (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989), 178.
59. 45 Brady, "Is Iowa News?" 116.
60. 46 Robinson and Sheehan, Over the Wire and on TV, 69.
61. 47 Alger, The Media and Politics, 7.
62. 48 Ibid.
63. 49 Geer, Nominating Presidents, 96.