Risk Factors for Morbidity and Mortality in Pancreatitis

Digestive Diseases

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 83-98

  Lam, Sing ^a   Bank, Simmy ^a  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute pancreatitis; Chronic pancreatitis; Pancreatitis; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

ACUTE DISEASE; APACHE; CHRONIC DISEASE; HUMAN; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PANCREATITIS; PREDICTION AND FORECASTING; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

ACUTE DISEASE; APACHE; CHRONIC DISEASE; HUMANS; MORBIDITY; PANCREATITIS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTORS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 0030095830     PISSN: 02572753     EISSN: 14219875     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000171541     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Wilson C, Ittirie CW: Changing patterns of incidence and mortality from acute pancreatitis in Scotland. 1961-1985. BrJ Surg 1990:77:731-734.
2. Trapnell JE. Duncan EHL.: Patterns of incidence in acute pancreatitis. Br Med.J 1975;ii: 179- 183.
3. Corficld AP. Copper MJ. Williamson RCN: Acute pancreatitis: A lethal disease of increasing incidence. Gut 1985:26:724-729.
4. Kloppel G, Maillct B: Pathology of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas 1993;8:659-670.
5. Thomson SR. Hendry WS, McFar-lance GA. Davidson AI: Epidemiology and outcome of acute pancreatitis. BrJ Surg 1987;74:398-401.
6. Intrie CW. Benjamin IS, Ferguson JC. McKay AJ. Mackenzie I, O’Neil J, Blumgart LH: A single-center douhle-hlind trial of Trasylol thcra-pv in primary acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1978:65:337-341.
7. Ranson JHC. Rifkind KM. Turner JW: Prognostic signs and nonoperative peritoneal lavage in acute pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1976: 143:209-219.
8. Imrie CW: Observations on acute pancreatitis. BrJ Sutg 1974:61:539-544.
9. Ranson JHC. Ritkind KM. Roses DF, Fink SD, Spencer FC: Prognostic signs and the role of operative management in acute pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1974; 139:69-81.
10. Pieper-Bigelow C, Strocchi A, Levitt MD: Where does serum amylase come from and where does it go? Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1990: 19:793-809.
11. Gwozdz GP. Steinberg WM. Werner M. Henry JP. Pauley C: Comparative evaluation of the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis based on serum and urine enzyme assays. Clin 'him Acta 1990;187:243-254.
12. Gumaste V. Dave P, Sercny G: Serum lipase: A better test to diagnose acute alcoholic pancreatitis. Am J Med 1992:92:239-242.
13. Balthazar EJ:CT diagnosis and staging of acute pancreatitis. Radiol Clin North Am 1989;27:19-37.
14. Bank S, Wise L. Gersten M: Risk factors in acute pancreatitis. Am. J Gastroenterol 1983;78:637-640.
15. Corfield AP, Cooper MJ. Williamson RCN. Mayer AD. McMahon MJ. Dickson AP. Shearer MG, Imrie CW: Prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis: prospective comparison of three prognostic indices. Lancet 1985;ii:403-407.
16. Osborne DH. Imrie CW, Carter DC: Biliary surgery in the same admission for gallstone associated acute pancreatitis. BrJ Surg 1981:68:758-761.
17. Larvin M. McMahon MJ: APACHE-II score for assessment and monitoring of acute pancreatitis. Lancet 1989;ii:201-204.
18. Wilson C. Health DI. Imrie CW: Prediction of outcome in acute pancreatitis: A comparative study of APACHE-11, clinical assessment and multiple factor scoring system. BrJ Surg 1990:77:1260-1264.
19. Agarwal N. Pitchumoni CS: Assessment of severity in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1991:86: 1385-1391.
20. Bird NC. Goodman AJ, Johnson AG: Serum phospholipasc A2 activity in acute pancreatitis: An early guide to severity. BrJ Surg 1989:76: 731-732.
21. Schroder T, Kivilaakso E. Kinnunen PKJ. Lcmpinen M: Serum phospho-lipase A2 in human acute pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1980:15: 633-636.
22. Buchler M. Malfertheiner P. Schad-lich H. Nevalainen TJ, Friess H. Beger HG: Role of phospholipasc A2 in human acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1989:97:1521-1526.
23. Allam BF. Imrie CW: Serum ionized calcium in acute pancreatitis. BrJ Surg 1977:64:665-668.
24. Fan ST. Choi TK. Lai ECS. Wong J: Prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis: An alternative approach. Gut 1989:30:1591-1595.
25. McMahon MJ. Bowen M. Mayer AD. Cooper EH: Relation of alpha-2-macroglobulin and other antiprotease to the clinical features of acute pancreatitis. Am J Surg 1984:147: 164-170.
26. Gudgeon AM, Heath DL Hurley P, Jchanli A. Patel G. Wilson C, Shen-kin A. Austin BM. Imrie CW. Hcr-mon-Taylor J: Trypsinogen activation peptidase assay in the early prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis. Lancet 1990:335:4-8.
27. Gross V, Scholmcrich J. Leser HG, Salm R, Lausen M, Ruckaucr K. Schoffcl U. Lay L. Heinisch A. Farthmann EH. Gerok W: Granulocytic clastase in assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1990:35:97-105.
28. Wilson C. Heads A. Shenkin A, Imrie CW: C-reactive protein, anlipro-leases and complement factors as objective markers of severity in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1989: 76:177-181.
29. Foulis AK, Murray WR, Galloway D. McCartney AC. Lang E. Vcitch J. Whaley K: Endotoxaemia and complement activation in acute pancreatitis in man. Gut 1982:23:656- 661.
30. Whicher JT, Barnes MP, Brown A. Cooper MJ. Read R, Walters G, Williamson RCN: Complement activation and complement control proteins in acute pancreatitis. Gut 1982;23:944-950.
31. Lankisch PCI, Schirren CA, Otto J: Methemalbumin in acute pancreatitis: An evaluation of its prognostic value and comparison with multiple prognostic parameters. Am J Gastroenterol 1989:84:1391-1395.
32. Northam BE. Rowe DS. Winstone NE: Methaemalbumin in the differential diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic and edematous pancreatitis. Lancet 1963;i:348-352.
33. Bank S. Barbezat GO, Marks IN, Silber W: Methaemalbuminaemia in acute abdominal emergencies. Br Med J 1968:ii:86-87.
34. Frey CF: Hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Am J Surg 1979;137:616-623.
35. McMahon MJ, Playforth MJ. Pick-ford IR: A comparative study of methods for the prediction of severity of attacks of acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1980:67:22-25.
36. Orelle B. Keint V, Masciotra L, Da-gorn JC, lovanna JL: Human pancreatitis-associated protein: Messenger RNA cloning and expression in pancreatic diseases. J Clin Invest 1992:90:2284-2291.
37. lovanna JL, Keint V, Nordback I, Montalto-G, Camarena J. Letoub-lon C. Levy P, Berthezene P, Dagorn JC: Serum levels of pancreatitis-associated protein as indicators of the course of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1994:106:728-734.
38. Hill MC, Huntington DK: Computed tomography and acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1990:19:811-842.
39. Ranson JHC, Balthazar E. Cacca-vale R. Cooper M: Computed to ntography and the prediction of pancreatic abscess in acute pancreatitis. Ann Surg 1989:201:656-663.
40. London NJM. Neoptolemos JP. Lavelle J. Bailey I. James D: Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography scanning and prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis: A prospective study. Br J Surg. 1989;76:268-272.
41. London NJM, Leese T, Lavelle JM. Miles K. West KP. Watkin DFL. Fossard DP: Rapid-bolus contrast-enhanced dynamic computed to ntography in acute pancreatitis: A prospective study. Br J Surg 1991: 78:1452-1456.
42. Clavien PA, Hauser H. Meyer P, Rohner A: Value of contrast-enhanced computerized tomography in the early diagnosis and prognosis of acute pancreatitis: A prospective study of 202 patients. Am J Surg 1988;155:457-466.
43. Balthazar EJ, Robinson DL, Megi-bow AJ. Ranson JHC: Acute pancreatitis: Value of CT in establishing prognosis. Radiology 1990:174: 331-336.
44. Bradley EL. Murphy F. Ferguson C: Prediction of pancreatic necrosis by dynamic pancreatography. Ann Surg 1989;210:495-503.
45. Beger HG. Bittner R. Block S. Buchler M: Bacterial contamination of pancreatic necrosis: A prospective clinical study. Gastroenterology 1986:91:433-438.
46. Frey CF. Lindenauer SM. Miller TA: Pancreatic abscess. Surg Gynecol Obstct 1979:149:722-726.
47. Hiatt JR, Fink AS, King W, Pitt HA: Percutaneous aspiration of peripan-creatic fluid collections: A safe method to detect infection. Surgery 1987;101:523-530.
48. Altemeicr WA. Alexander J W: Pancreatic abscess. Arch Surg 1963:87: 80-89.
49. Miller TA, Lindenauer SM, Frey CF. Stanley JC: Pancreatic abscess. Arch Surg 1974:108:545-551.
50. Gerzof SG, Banks PA, Robbins AH: Johnson WC, Specifier SJ, Wetzner SM. Snider JM, Langevin RE, Jay ME: Early diagnosis of pancreatic infection by computed tomography-guided aspiration. Gastroenterology 1987;93:1315-1320.
51. Hiatt JR. Fink AS, King W, Pitt HA: Percutaneous aspiration of pcripan-crcalic fluid collections: A safe method to delect infection. Surgery 1987;101:523-530.
52. Gerzof SG. Johnson WC, Robbins AH, Specifier SJ. Nabscth DC: Percutaneous drainage of infected pancreatic pscudocysts. Arch Surg 1984; 119:888-893.
53. Bolooki H, JalTe B, Gliedman ML: Pancreatic abscesses and lesser omental sac collections. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1968; 126:1301-1308.
54. Pemberton JH. Becker JM, Nagor-ney DM. Dozois RR, Ilstrup D. Reminc WH: Controlled open lesser sac drainage for pancreatic abscess. Ann Surg 1986:203:600-604.
55. Bradley EL, Fulenwider JT: Open treatment of pancreatic abscess. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1984:159:509-513.
56. Finch WT, Sawyers JL, Schenker S: A prospective study to determine the efficacy of antibiotics in acute pancreatitis. Ann Surg 1976:183: 667-671.
57. Craig RM, Dordal E, Myles L: The use of ampicillin in acute pancreatitis. Ann Intern Med 1975:83:831-832.
58. Howes R, Zuidema GD, Cameron JL: Evaluation of prophylactic antibiotics in acute pancreatitis. J Surg Res 1975:18:197-200.
59. Buchler M. Malfertheiner P. Frieb H, Isenmann R. Vanck E. Grimm II, Schlcgcl P. Friess T. Berger I IG: Human pancreatic tissue concentration ofbaclcricidal antibiotics. Gastroenterology 1992:103:1902-1908.
60. Mayer A,. McMahon MJ, Cortield AP. Cooper MJ, Williamson RCN, Dickson AP. Shearer MG, Imrie CW: Controlled clinical trial of peritoneal lavage for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 1985;312:399-404.
61. Ranson JHC, Berman RS: Long peritoneal lavage decreases pancreatic sepsis in acute pancreatitis. Ann Surg 1990:211:708-716.
62. Warshaw AL, Jin GL: Improved survival in 45 patients with pancreatic abscess. Ann Surg 1985:202: 408-417.
63. Sandy JT, Taylor RH, Christensen RM, Scudamore C. Leckie P: Pancreatic pseudocyst: Changing concepts in management. Am J Surg 1981;141:574-576.
64. Anderson MC: Management of pancreatic pseudocysts. Am J Surg 1972:123:209-221.
65. Bradley EL: A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis: Summary of the International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis. Atlanta. Ga. Sept. 11-13, 1992. Arch Surg 1993:128:586-590.
66. Warshaw AL, Raltner DW: Timing of surgical drainage for pancreatic pseudocyst: Clinical and chemical criteria. Ann Surg 1985:202:720-724.
67. Yeo CJ, Bastidas JA, Lvnch-Nvhan A, Fishman EK, Zinner MJ, Cameron JL: The natural history of pancreatic pseudocysts documented by computed tomography. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990:170:411-417.
68. Vitas GJ, Sarr MG: Selected management of pancreatic pscudocysts: operative versus expectant management. Surgery 1992:1 11:123-130.
69. Bradley EL, Clements JL, Gonzales AC: The natural history of pancreatic pscudocvst: a unified concept of management. Am J Surg 1979:137: 135-141.
70. Sankaran S, Walt AJ: The natural and unnatural history of pancreatic pscudocysts. Br J Surg 1975:62:37-44.
71. van Sonnenberg E, Wittich GR, Ca-sola G, Stauffer AE, Polansky AD, Coons HG. Cabrera OA. Gerver PS: Complicated pancreatic inflammatory disease: Diagnostic and thcra-peutic role of interventional radiology. Radiology 1985:155:335-340.
72. Hershfield NB: Drainage of a pancreatic cyst at ERCP (letter). Gas-trointcst Endose 1984:30:269-270.
73. Cremer M. Devierc J: Endoscopic management of pancreatic cysts and pscudocvst (Letter). Gastrointcsl Endose 1986:32:367-368.
74. Kozarek RA, Brayko CM. Harlan J, Sanowski RA. Cintora I. Kovac A: Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pscudocysts. Gastrointest Endose 1985;31:322-327.
75. Nunez D. Yrizarry JM. Russell E. Sadighi A. Casillas J, Guerra JJ Jr. Hutson DG: Transgastric drainage of pancreatic fluid collections. AJR 1985:145:815-818.
76. Savastano S. Feltrin GP. Antonio T. Miotto D, Chicsura-Corona M. Castellan L: Arterial complications of pancreatitis: Diagnostic and therapeutic role of radiology. Pancreas 1993;8:687-692.
77. Buch A. Buch J, Carlsen A. Schmidt A: Hyperlipidemia and pancreatitis. World J Surg 1980;4:307-314.
78. Intrie CW. McKay AJ. Benjamin IS, Blumgart LH: Secondary acute pancreatitis: aetiology, prevention, diagnosis and management. Br J Surg 1978;65:399-402.
79. White MT. Morgan A. Hopton D: Postoperative pancreatitis. A study of seventy cases. Am J Surg 1970: 120:132-137.
80. Levy P. Milan C. Pignon JP, Bactz A, Bemades P: Mortality factors associated with chronic pancreatitis. Gast rocntcrology 1989:96:1165-1172.
81. Amrnann RW. Akovbiantz A, Lar-giadcr F. Schucler G: Course and outcome of chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1984;86:820-828.
82. Bank S: Chronic pancreatitis: Clinical features and medical management. Am J Gastroenterol 1986:81: 153-167.
83. Marks IN, Girdwood AH, Bank S, Louw JH: The prognosis of alcohol-induced calcific pancreatitis. S Afr Med.I 1980:57:640-643.
84. Levy P. Milan, Pignon JP, Baelz A, Bernades P: Mortality factors associated with chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1989:96:1165-1172.
85. Amman RW, Knoblauch M. Mohr P. Deyhle P. Largiadcr F, Akov-biantz A, Schuler G. Schneider J: High incidence of extrapancreatic carcinoma in chronic pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1980:15: 395-399.
86. Karanjia ND, Reber HA: The cause and management of the pain of chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1990:19:895-904.
87. Trapnell JE: Chronic relapsing pancreatitis: A review of 64 cases. Br J Surg 1979;66:471-475.
88. Ihse I. Lilja P, Lundquist I: Feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion by intestinal trypsin in man. Digestion 1977; 15:303-308.
89. Owyang C, Louie D. Tatum D: Feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion: Suppression of cholccystokinin release by trypsin. J Clin Invest 1986:77:2042-2047.
90. Isaksson G. Ihse I: Pain reduction by an oral pancreatic enzyme preparation in chronic pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1983;28:97-102.
91. Halgreen H, Pedersen T. Wonting H: Symptomatic effect of pancreatic enzyme therapy in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1986:21:104-103.
92. Gimcnez A, Martinez-Noguera A, Donoso L. Catala E. Scrra R: Percutaneous ttcurolysis of the celiac plexus via the anterior approach with sonographic guidance. AJR 1993: 161:1061-1063.
93. Madsen M, Hansen E: Coeliac plexus block versus pancreaticogastrosto-my for pain in chronic pancreatitis. A controlled randomized trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 1985;20: 1217-1220.
94. Scuro LA, Cavallini G. Angelini G, Pederzoli P, Vantini 1: Acute and chronic pancreatitis: An up-date. Ann Ital Med Int 1991:6:117-125.
95. Wonting H: Chronic pancreatitis: Pathogenesis, natural history and conservative treatment. Clin Gastroenterol 1984:13:871-894.
96. Miyake H. Harada H. Ochi K, Ku-nichika K, Tanaka J. Kimura I: Prognosis and prognostic factors in chronic pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1989:34:449-455.
97. Hayakawa T, Kondo T, Shibata T, Sugintoto Y, Kitagawa M: Chronic alcoholism and evolution of pain and prognosis in chronic pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1989:34:33-38.
98. Bank S. Marks IN. Vinik AI: Clinical and hormonal aspects of pancreatic diabetes. Am J Gastroenterol 1975;64:13-22.
99. Graham. DY: An enteric coated pancreatic enzyme preparation that works. Dig Dis Sci 1979:24: 906-909.