Spatial attention and implicit sequence learning: Evidence for independent learning of spatial and nonspatial sequences

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 350-364

  Mayr, Ulrich ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEARNING; MALE; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REACTION TIME; RECALL;

ADULT; ATTENTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REACTION TIME; SERIAL LEARNING;

EID: 0030093919     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.22.2.350     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Adams, J. A., & Dijkstra, S. (1966). Short-term memory for motor responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71, 314-318.
2. Baddeley, A. (1986). Working memory. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
3. Cleeremans, A., & McClelland, J. L. (1991). Learning the structure of event sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120, 235-253.
4. Cohen, A., Ivry, R. I., & Keele, S. W. (1990). Attention and structure in sequence learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 16, 17-30.
5. Connelly, S. L., & Hasher, L. (1993). Aging and the inhibition of spatial location. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 19, 1238-1250.
6. Corbetta, M., Miezin, F. M., Dobmeyer, S., Shulman, G. L., & Petersen, S. E. (1991). Selective and divided attention during visual discrimination of shape, color, and speed: Functional anatomy by positron emission tomography. Journal of Neuroscience, 11, 2383-2404.
7. Corbetta, M., Miezin, F. M., Shulman, G. L., & Petersen, S. E. (1993). A PET study of visuospatial attention. Journal of Neuroscience, 13, 1202-1226.
8. Curran, T., & Keele, S. W. (1993). Attentional and nonattentional forms of sequence learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 189-202.
9. Downing, C. J. (1988). Expectancy and visual-spatial attention: Effects on perceptual quality. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 14, 188-202.
10. Farah, M. J. (1994). Neuropsychological inference with an interactive brain: A critique of the "locality" assumption. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17, 43-104.
11. Fendrich, D. W., Healy, A. F., & Bourne, L. E., Jr. (1991). Long-term repetition effects for motoric and perceptual procedures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 17-30.
12. Frensch, P. A., Buchner, A., & Lin, J. (1994). Implicit learning of unique and ambiguous serial transistions in the presence and absence of a distractor task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 567-584.
13. Frensch, P. A., & Miner, C. S. (1994). Effects of presentation rate and individual differences in short-term memory capacity on an indirect measure of serial learning. Memory & Cognition, 22, 95-110.
14. Grafton, S. T., Hazeltine, E., & Ivry, I. (1994). Localization of independent cortical systems in human motor learning. Unpublished manuscript.
15. Hartman, M., Knopman, D., & Nissen, M. J. (1989). Implicit learning of new verbal associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 1070-1082.
16. Heilman, K. M., Rothi, L. J., & Valenstein, E. (1982). Two forms of ideomotor apraxia. Neurology, 32, 342-346.
17. Howard, J. H., Mutter, S. A., & Howard, D. V. (1992). Serial pattern learning by event observation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 1029-1039.
18. Keele, S. W., Cohen, A., & Ivry, R. (1990). Motor programs: Concepts and issues. In M. Jeannerod (Ed.), Attention and performance XIII: Motor representation and control (pp. 77-109). Hillsdale, NJ: Earlbaum.
19. Keele, S. W., & Jennings, P. (1992). Attention in the representation of sequence: Experiment and theory. Human Movement Studies, 11, 125-138.
20. Keele, S. W., Jennings, P., Jones, S., Caulton, D., & Cohen, A. (1995). On the modularity of sequence representation. Journal of Motor Behavior, 27, 17-30.
21. Kingstone, A. (1992). Combining expectancies. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 44(A), 69-104.
22. Lashley, K. S. (1951). The problem of serial order in behavior. In L. A. Jeffress (Ed.), Cerebral mechanisms in behavior: The Hixon symposium (pp. 112-136). New York: Wiley.
23. Lewicki, C., Czyzewska, M., & Hoffman, M. (1987). Unconscious acquisition of complex procedural knowledge. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 523-530.
24. Nissen, M. J., & Bullemer, P. (1987). Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures. Cognitive Psychology, 19, 1-32.
25. Pascual-Leone, A., Grafman, J., & Hallett, M. (1994). Modulation of cortical motor output maps during development of implicit and explicit knowledge. Science, 263, 1287-1289.
26. Pashler, H. (1991). Shifting visual attention and selecting motor responses: Distinct attentional mechanisms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 17, 1023-1040.
27. Pashler, H., Carrier, M., & Hoffman, J. (1993). Saccadic eye movements and dual-task interference. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 45(A), 51-82.
28. Perruchet, P., & Amorim, M.-A. (1992). Conscious knowledge and changes in performance in sequence learning: Evidence against dissociation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 785-800.
29. Posner, M. I. (1992). Attention as a cognitive and neural system. Psychological Science, 1, 11-14.
30. Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13, 25-42.
31. Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. (1992). Attentional mechanisms and conscious experience. In A. D. Milner & M. D. Rugg (Eds.), The neuropsychology of consciousness (pp. 91-111). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
32. Posner, M. I., Sandson, J., Dhawan, M., & Shulman, G. L. (1989). Is word recognition automatic? A cognitive anatomical approach. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1, 50-60.
33. Posner, M. I., Walker, J. A., Friedrich, F. J., & Rafal, R. D. (1984). Effects of parietal lobe injury on covert orienting in visual attention. Journal of Neuroscience, 4, 1863-1874.
34. Reed, J., & Johnson, P. (1994). Assessing implicit learning with indirect tests: Determining what is learned about sequence structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 585-594.
35. Seger, C. A. (1994). Implicit learning. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 163-196.
36. Shanks, D. R., & St. John, M. F. (1994). Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17, 367-447.
37. Stadler, M. A. (1989). On the learning of complex procedural knowledge. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 1061-1069.
38. Stadler, M. A. (1995). Role of attention in implicit learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 674-685.
39. Treisman, A., & Gelade, G. (1980). A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 97-136.
40. Willingham, D. B., Greeley, T., & Bardone, A. M. (1993). Dissociation in a serial response task using a recognition measure: Comment on Perruchet and Amorim (1992). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 1424-1430.
41. Willingham, D. B., Nissen, M. J., & Bullemer, P. (1989). On the development of procedural knowledge. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 1047-1060.