Autoimmunity in hepatitis C and D virus infection

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 49-59

  Strassburg, C P ^a   Obermayer Straub, P ^a   Manns, M P ^a  

^a HANNOVER MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Germany)

Author keywords

Autoepitopes; Autoimmune hepatitis; Cytochrome P450 2D6; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis D; Liver kidney mirosomal antibodies; UDP glucuronosyltransferase; Virus associated autoimmunity

Indexed keywords

ANTI LIVER KIDNEY MICROSOME ANTIBODY; ANTI-LIVER KIDNEY MICROSOME ANTIBODY; AUTOANTIBODY;

ANIMAL; AUTOIMMUNITY; DELTA AGENT HEPATITIS; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; AUTOANTIBODIES; AUTOIMMUNITY; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS D; HUMANS;

EID: 0030093834     PISSN: 13520504     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.1996.tb00081.x     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Purcell RH. The discovery of the hepatitis viruses. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: 955-963.
2. Choo Q-L, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR. Bradley DW, Houghton M. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989; 224: 359-362.
3. Simons JN, Pilot-Matias TM, Leary TP et al. Identification of two flavivirus-like genomes in the GB hepatitis agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 3401-3405.
4. Schlauder GG, Dawson GJ, Simons JN et al. Molecular and serologic analysis in the transmission of the GB hepatitis agent. J Med Virol 1995; 46: 81-90.
5. Manns MP. Autoimmune diseases of the Liver. Lab Immunol 1992; 12: 25-40.
6. Esteban JL, Esteban R, Viladomiu L et al. Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain. Lancet 1989; 2: 294-297.
7. Todros L, Touscoz G, D'Urso N et al. Hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease with autoantibodies to liver-kidney microsomes (LKM). Clinical characterization from idiopathic LKM-positive disorders. J Hepatol 1991; 13: 128-131.
8. Lenzi M, Johnson PJ, McFarlane IG et al. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in autoimmune liver disease: evidence for geographical heterogeneity. Lancet 1991; 338: 277-280.
9. Pawlotsky JM, Roudot-Thoraval F, Simmonds P et al. Extrahepatic immunologic manifestations in chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis C serotypes. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122: 169-173.
10. Clifford BD, Donahue D, Smith L et al. High prevalence of serological markers of autoimmunity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1995; 21: 613-619.
11. Crivelli O, Lavarini C, Chiaberge E et al. Microsomal autoantibodies in chronic infection with the HBsAg associated delta agent. Clin Exp Immunol 1983; 54: 232-238.
12. Philipp T, Durazzo M, Trautwein C et al. Recognition of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase by LKM-3 antibodies in chronic hepatitis D. Lancet 1994; 344: 578-581.
13. Strassburg CP, Manns MP. Autoimmune hepatitis versus viral hepatitis C. Liver 1995; 15: 225-232.
14. Di Bisceglie AM, Martin P, Kassianides C et al. Recombinant interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 1506-1510.
15. Hadziyannis SJ, Bramou T, Papaioannou C et al. Interferon treatment of anti HBe positive chronic active hepatitis with HBcAg in the liver. Hepatology 1988; 8: 317.
16. Perrillo RP. Antiviral agents in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. In: Boyer J, Ockner R, eds. Progress in Liver Diseases. Vol. X. New York: W. B. Saunders, 1992: 283-309.
17. Ruiz-Moreno M, Rua MJ, Carreno V, Quiroga JA, Manns M, Meyer zum Büschenfelde K-H. Autoimmune chronic hepatitis type 2 manifested during interferon therapy in children. J Hepatol 1991; 12: 265-266.
18. Shindo M, Di Bisceglie AM, Hoofnagle JH. Acute exacerbation of liver disease during interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 1406-1408.
19. Papo T, Marcellin P, Bernau J, Durand F, Poynard T, Benhamou J-P. Autoimmune chronic hepatitis exacerbated by alpha-interferon. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 51-53.
20. Conlon KC, Urba WJ, Smith JW et al. Exacerbation of auto-immune disease in patiensts receiving alpha-interferon therapy. Cancer 1990; 65: 2237-2242.
21. Saracco G, Touscoz A, Durazzo M et al. Autoantibodies and response to interferon in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. J Hepatol 1990; 11: 339-343.
22. Lohse AW, Gerken G, Mohr H et al. Relation between autoimmune liver diseases and viral hepatitis: clinical and serological characteristics in 859 patients. Z Gastroenterol 1995; 9: 527-533.
23. Lunel F. Hepatitis C virus and autoimmunity: fortuitous association or reality? Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 1550-1555.
24. Desmet VJ, Gerber M, Hoofnagle JH, Manns M, Scheuer PJ. Classification of chronic hepatitis: diagnosis, grading and staging. Hepatology 1994; 19: 1513-1520.
25. Manns MP. Autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis: diagnostic reagents and scientific tools to study etiology, pathogenesis, and cell biology. In: Boyer JL, Ockner RK, eds. Progress in Liver Diseases. Vol. XIII. Philadelphia: W B Saunders, 1995; 137-156.
26. Johnson PJ. McFarlane Meeting report: international autoimmune hepatitis group. Hepatology 1993; 18: 998-1005.
27. Waldenström J. Leber, Blutproteine und Nahrungseiweiß. Dtsch Z Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten 1950; 15: 113-121.
28. Mackay IR, Taft CO, Cowley DS. Lupoid hepatitis. Lancet 1956; 2: 1323-1326.
29. Tan EM. Antinuclear antibodies. Diagnostic markers for autoimmune diseases and probes for cell biology. Adv Immunol 1989; 44: 93-151.
30. Strassburg CP, Alex B, Zindy F et al. Identification of cyclin A as a molecular target of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in autoimmune liver diseases. J Hepatol 1995; 23 (Suppl. 1): 127.
31. Zanger UM, Hauri HP, Loeper J, Homberg JC, Meyer UA. Antibodies against human cytochrome P450 dbl in autoimmune hepatitis type II. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 27: 8256-8260.
32. Manns MP, Johnson EF, Griffin KJ, Tan EM, Sullivan KF. Major antigen of liver kidney microsomal autoantibodies in idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis is cytochrome P-450dbl. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 1066-1072.
33. Gueguen M, Boniface O, Bernard O, Clerc F, Cartwright T, Alvarez F. Identification of the main epitope on human cytochrome P450IID6 recognized by anti-liver kidney microsome antibody. J Autoimmun 1991; 4: 607-615.
34. Homberg JC, Abuaf N, Berbard O et al. Chronic active hepatitis associated with anti-liver/kidney microsome antibody type 1: a second type of 'autoimmune' hepatitis. Hepatology 1987; 7: 1333-1339.
35. Manns M, Gerken G, Kyriatsoulis A, Staritz M, Meyer zum Büschenfelder KH. Characterization of a new subgroup of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis by autoantibodies against a soluble liver antigen. Lancet 1987; 1: 292-294.
36. Wächter B, Kyriatsoulis A, Lohse AW, Gerken G, Meyer zum Büschenfelde K-M, Manns M. Characterization of liver cytokeratin as major target antigen of anti-SLA antibodies. J Hepatol 1990; 11: 232-239.
37. Stechemesser E, Klein R, Berg PA. Characterization and clinical relevance of liver-pancreas antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 1993; 18: 1-9.
38. Meyer zum Büschenfelde K-H, Hopf U. Studies on the pathogenesis of experimental chronic hepatitis in rabbits: induction of the disease and protective effect of allogenic liver specific protein. Br J Pathol 1974; 55: 498-508.
39. Löhr H, Treichel U, Poralla T, Manns M, Meyer zum Büschenfelde K-H. Liver infiltrating T helper cells stimulate the production of autoantibodies against the human asialoglycoprotein receptor in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 88: 45-49.
40. Löhr H, Manns M, Kyriatsoulis A et al. Clonal analysis of liver infiltrating T cells in patients with LKM-1 antibody positive autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 1991; 84: 297-302.
41. Vento S, Garrofano T, DiPerri G, Dolci L, Concia E, Bassetti D. Identification of hepatitis A virus as a trigger for autoimmune chronic hepatitis type 1 in susceptible individuals. Lancet 1991; 337: 1183-1187.
42. Hopf U, Möller B. Die Entwicklung chronisch aktiver Hepatitis vom autoimmunen Typ nach Hepatitis-B-Virus Infektion mit HBsAg Persistenz. Vier Kasuistiken. Z Gastroenterol 1984; 22: 121-128.
43. Laskus T, Slusarczyk J. Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis developing after acute type B hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34: 1294-1297.
44. Manns MP, Koletzko S, Löhr H et al. Discordant manifestation of LKM-1 antibody positive autoimmune hepatitis in identical twins. Hepatology 1990; 12: 840.
45. Ventro S, Guella L, Mirandola F et al. Ebstein-Barr virus as a trigger for autoimmune hepatitis in susceptible individuals. Lancet 1995; 346: 608-609.
46. Manns MP, Krüger M. Immunogenetics of chronic liver disease. Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 1676-1697.
47. Donaldson PT, Doherty DG, Hallar KM, McFarlane I, Johnson PJ, Williams R. Susceptibility to autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: heuma leukocyte antigens DR-4 and A1-B8-DR3 are independent risk factors. Hepatology 1190; 13: 701-706.
48. Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA, Santrach PJ, Moore SB. Significance of HLA DR4 in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 1402-1507.
49. Manns MP, Scheucher S, Jentzsch M et al. HLA class I-III in autoimmune hepatitis type 2 and its association with hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 1991; 16 (Suppl. 1): 16.
50. Garcia-Buey L, Garcia-Monzon C, Rodriguez S et al. Latent autoimmune hepatitis triggered during interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 1770-1777.
51. Manns MP. Autoimmunity and hepatitis C virus. In: Miguet JP, Dhumeaux D, eds. Progress in Hepatology 93. John Libby Eurotext: Paris, 1993, 79-87.
52. Pawlotsky J-M, Ben Yahia M, Andre C et al. Immunological disorders in C virus chronic active hepatitis: a prospective case-control study. Hepatology 1994; 19: 841-848.
53. Zauli D, Crespi C, Bianchi FB, Craxi A, Pisi E. Autoimmunity in chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis delta virus. J Clin Pathol 1986; 39: 897-899.
54. Philipp T, Straub P, Durazzo M, Tukey RH, Manns MP. Molecular analysis of autoantigens in hepatitis D. J Hepatol 1995; 22 (Suppl. 1): 132-135.
55. McFarlane IG, Smith HM, Johnson PJ, Bray GP, Vergani D, Williams R. Hepatitis C virus antibodies in chronic active hepatitis: pathogenetic factor or false-positive result? Lancet 1990; 335: 754-757.
56. Rowan BP, Smith A, Gleeson D, Hunt LP, Warnes TW. Hepatitis C virus in autoimmune liver disease in the UK: aetiological agent or artifact? Gut 1994; 35: 542-546.
57. Lunel F, Abuaf N, Frangeul L et al. Liver/kidney microsome antibody type 1 and hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 1992; 16: 630-636.
58. Michel G, Ritter A, Gerken G. Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH, Decher G, Manns M. Anti-GOR and hepatitis C virus in autoimmune liver diseases. Lancet 1992; 339: 267-269.
59. Reddy KR, Krawitt EL, Radick J et al. Absence of LKM-1 antibody in hepatitis C viral infection in the United States. Hepatology 1993; 18: 173A.
60. Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA, Santrach PJ, Moore B, Taswell HF, Homburger HA. Evidence against hepatitis viruses as important causes of severe autoimmune hepatitis in the United States. J Hepatol 1993; 18: 342-352.
61. Abuaf N, Lunel F, Giral P et al. Non-organ specific autoantibodies associated with chronic C virus hepatitis. J Hepatol 1993; 18: 359-364.
62. Magrin S, Craxi A, Florentino G et al. Is autoimmune chronic active hepatitis a HCV-related disease? J Hepatol 1991; 13: 56-60.
63. Haddad J, Deny P, Munz-Gotheil C et al. M Lymphocytic sialadenitis of Sjögren's syndrome associated with chronic hepatitis C virus liver disease. Lancet 1992; 339: 321-323.
64. Almazio P, Provenzano G, Scimmemi M et al. Hepatitis C virus and Sjögren's syndrome. Lancet 1992; 339: 898-990.
65. Divano MC, Parodi A, Rebora A. Lichen planus, liver-kidney microsomal (LKM-1) antibodies and hepatitis C virus antibodies. Dermatology 1992; 185: 132-133.
66. Cacoub P, Lunel-Fabiani F, Huong Du LT. Polyarteriitis nodosa and hepatitis C infection. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 605-606.
67. Deny P, Bonacorsi S, Guillevin L, Quint L. Association between hepatitis C virus and polyarteriitis nodosa. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1992; 10: 319-324.
68. Johnson RJ, Gretch DR, Yamabe H et al. Membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 1993; 18: 465-470.
69. Pateron D, Hartmann DJ, Duclos-Vallee JC, Jouanolle H, Beaugrand M. Latent autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with chronic HCV hepatitis. J Hepatol 1992; 16: 244-245.
70. Tran A, Quarata JF, Beusnel C et al. Hepatitis C and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Eur J Med 1992; 1: 116-118.
71. Tran A, Quaranta J-F, Benzaken S et al. High prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in a prospective series of patients with chronic hepatitis C before interferon therapy. Hepatology 1993; 18: 253-257.
72. Agnello V, Chung RT, Kaplan L. A role for hepatitis C virus infection in type II cryoglobulinemia. N Engl J Med 1992; 19: 1490.
73. Cacoub P, Lunel-Fabiani F, Musset L et al. Mixed cryoglobulinemia and hepatitis C virus. Am J Med 1994; 96: 124-132.
74. Dammacco F, Sansonno D. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in essential mixed cryoglobulemia. Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 87: 352-356.
75. Fargion S, Peperno A, Cappellini MD. Hepatitis C virus and porphyria cutanea tarda: evidence of a strong association. Hepatology 1992; 16: 1322-1326.
76. DeCastro M, Sanchez J, Herrera JF et al. Hepatitis C virus antibodies and liver disease in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. Hepatology 1993; 17: 551-557.
77. Mishiro S, Hoshi Y, Takeda K et al. Non A, non B hepatitis specific antibodies directed at host derived epitope: implication for an autoimmune process. Lancet 1990; 2: 1400-1403.
78. Ferri C, Ziggnego AL, Longobardo G et al. Effect of alpha-interferon on hepatitis C virus chronic infection in mixed cryoglobulinemia. Infection 1993; 21: 93-97.
79. Mackie FD, Peakman M, Yun M et al. Primary and secondary liver/kidney microsomal autoantibody response following infection with hepatitis C virus. Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 1672-1675.
80. Michitaka K, Durazzo M, Tillmann HL, Walker D, Philipp T, Manns MP. Analysis of hepatitis C virus genome in patients with autoimmune hepatitis type 2. Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 1603-1610.
81. Dusheiko G, Schmilovitz-Weiss H, Brown D et al. Hepatitis C virus genotypes: an investigation of type-specific differences in geographic origin and disease. Hepatology 1993; 19: 13-18.
82. Durazzo M, Michel G, Philipp T et al. Anti-GOR in hepatitis D: specific association with hepatitis C virus superinfection. J Clin Lab Res 1994; 24: 227-229.
83. Koskinas J, McFarlane BM, Nouria-Aria KT et al. Cellular and humoral immune reactions against autoantigens and hepatitis C viral antigens in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 1436-1442.
84. Löhr HF, Gerken G, Michel G, Braun H-B, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH. In vitro secretion of anti-GOR protein and anti hepatitis C virus antibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 1443-1448.
85. Ma Y, Peakman M, Lenzi M et al. Case against subclassification of type II autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Lancet 1993; 341: 60.
86. Manns MP, Griffin KJ, Sullivan KF, Johnson EF. LKM-1 autoantibodies recognize a short linear sequence in P450IID6, a cytochrome P-450 monoxygenase. J Clin Invest 1991; 88: 1370-1378.
87. Durazzo M, Philipp T, Van Pelt FNAM et al. Heterogeneity of microsomal autoantibodies (LKM) in chronic hepatitis C and D virus infection. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 455-462.
88. Yamamoto AM, Cresteil D, Homberg JC, Alvarez F. Characterization of anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody (anti-LKM1) from hepatitis C virus-positive and negative sera. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: 1762-1767.
89. Duclos-Valleé J-C, Hajoui O, Yamamoto AM, Jacqz-Aigrain E, Alvarez F. Conformational epitopes on CYP2D6 are recognized by liver/kidney microsomal antibodies. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 470-476.
90. Trautwein C, Ramadori G, Gerken G, Meyer zum Büschenfelde K-H, Manns M. Regulation of cytochrome p450 IID6 by acute phase mediators in C3H/HeJ mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 182: 617-623.
91. Maggiore G, De Benedetti F, Massa M, Pignatti P, Martini A. Circulating levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor α in children with autoimmune hepatitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995; 20: 23-27.
92. Rizzetto M, Canese MG, Arico S et al. Immunofluorescence detection of a new antigen/antibody system (delta/anti-delta) associated with hepatitis B virus in liver and serum of HBsAg carriers. Gut 1977; 18: 997.
93. Buti M, Amengual MJ, Esteban R et al. Serological profile of tissue autoantibodies during acute and chronic delta hepatitis. J Hepatol 1989; 9: 345-350.
94. Wesierska-Gadek J, Penner E, Hitchmann E, Sauermann G. Antibodies to nuclear laminin C in chronic hepatitis delta virus infection. Hepatology 1990; 12: 1129-1133.
95. Strassburg CP, Obermayer-Straub P, Alex B, Philipp T, Tukey RH, Manns M. Autoepitopes on UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (LKM-3) in autoimmune hepatitis differ from those in hepatitis D. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: A1177.
96. Strassburg CP, Straub P, Alex B, Philipp T, Tukey R, Manns M. LKM-3 Autoantikörper und Hepatitis D Infektion: Entwicklung eines ELISA-Testsystems mit rekombinatem, Baculovirus-erzeugtem, humanem UGT-1. Z Gastroenterol 1995; 1: 71.
97. Obermayer-Straub P, Strassburg CP, Clemente MG, Philipp T, Tukey RH, Manns MP. Recognition of three different epitopes on UDP-glucuronosyltransferases by LKM-3 antibodies in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis D. Gut 1995; 37 (Suppl. 2): A100.