The concept of human nature in East Asia: Etic and emic characteristics

Culture and Psychology

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 9-51

  Oerter, Rolf ^a   Oerter, Rosemarie ^a   Agostiani, Hendriati ^b   Kim, Hye On ^c   Wibowo, Sutji ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY   (Indonesia)

^c Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen ^*

Author keywords

Concept of human nature; Constructivism; Ethnotheory; Independent vs interdependent identity; Universals vs culture specificity

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030093691     PISSN: 1354067X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1354067X9621002     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Ainsworth, M.D.S. (1977). Attachment theory and its utility in cross-cultural research. In P.H. Leiderman, S.R. Tulkin, & R. Rosenfeld (Eds.), Culture and infancy (pp. 49-67). New York: Academic Press.
2. Anderson, J.R. (1983). The architecture of cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
3. Azuma, H. (1984). Secondary control as a heterogeneous category. American Psychologist, 39(9), 970-971.
4. Befu, H. (1971). Japan: An anthropological introduction. San Francisco, CA: Chandler.
5. Benedict, R. (1946). The chrysanthemum and the sword. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
6. Berger, P.L., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The social construction of reality. London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press.
7. Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books.
8. Camilleri, C. (1985). La psychologie culturelle. Psychologie Française, 30, 147-151.
9. Carneiro, R.L. (1970). Scale analysis, evolutionary sequences, and the rating of cultures. In R. Naroll & C. Cohen (Eds.), A handbook of method in cultural anthropology (pp. 834-871). New York: Columbia University Press.
10. Clancey, W. (1993). Situated action: A neuropsychological interpretation. Response to Vera and Simon. Cognitive Science, 17, 87-116.
11. Dasen, P.R. (1977). Are cognitive processes universal? A contribution to cross-cultural Piagetian psychology. In N. Warren (Ed.), Studies in cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 1). London: Academic Press.
12. Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (1985). Instrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
13. Eder, R.A. (1989). The emergent psychologist: The structure and content of 31/2-, 51/2-, and 71/2-year-olds' concept of themselves and other persons. Child Development, 60, 1218-1228.
14. Geertz, C. (1975). On the nature of anthropological understanding. American Scientist, 63, 47-53.
15. Geertz, H. (1967). Indonesian cultures and communities. In R.T. McVey (Ed.), Indonesia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
16. Gergen, K.J. (1985). Social constructionist inquiry: Context and implications. . In K.J. Gergen & K.E. Davis (Eds.), The social construction of the person. New York: Springer.
17. Greeno, J.G. (1992). The situation in cognitive theory: Some methodological implications of situativity. Paper presented at the Meeting of the APS, San Diego, CA., August.
18. Guisinger, S., & Blatt, S.J. (1994). Individuality and relatedness: Evolution of a fundamental dialectic. American Psychologist, 49, 104-111.
19. Herskovits, M.J. (1948). Man and his works: The science of cultural anthropology. New York: Knopf.
20. Kartodirdjo, S. (1988). Modern Indonesia: Tradition and transformation. A sociohistorical perspective (2nd ed.). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
21. Kato, T. (1982). Matriliny and migration: Evolving Minangkabau traditions in Indonesia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
22. Kohlberg, L. (1969). Stage and sequence: The cognitive development approach to socialization. In D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 347-480). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
23. Kojima, H. (1984). A significant stride toward the comparative study of control. American Psychologist, 39(9), 972-973.
24. Kramer, D.A., & Woodruff, D.S. (1986). Relativistic and dialectical thought in three adult age-groups. Human Development, 29, 280-290.
25. Lave, J. (1991). Cognition in practice: Mind, mathematics and culture in everyday life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
26. Lebra, T.S., & Lebra, W.P. (Eds.). (1974). Japanese culture and behavior. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
27. LeVine, R.A. (1991). Influences of culture and schooling on mothers' models of infant care: A comparative perspective. Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Seattle, WA, April.
28. Livesley, W.J., & Bromley, D.B. (1973). Person perception in childhood and adolescence. London: Wiley.
29. Luria, A.R. (1976). Cognitive development: Its cultural and social foundations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
30. Magnis-Suseno, F. (1981). Javanische Weisheit und Ethik: Studien zu einer östlichen Moral. Munich/Vienna: Oldenbourg.
31. Markus, H.R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
32. Montemayor, R., & Eisen, M. (1977). The development of self-conceptions from childhood to adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 13, 314-319.
33. Mooney, P. (1989). Korea's younger generation. Koreana, 3(1), 28-33.
34. Morrow, L. (1983, 1 August). All the hazards and threats of success. Time, pp. 20-25.
35. Mulder, N. (1992). Individual and society in Java: A cultural analysis (2nd ed.) Yogyakarta: Gayah Mada University Press.
36. Oerter, R. (1990). Subjects' implicit anthropology: A determinant of mental and physical health. In K. Hurrelmann & F. Lösel (Eds.), Health hazards in adolescence (pp. 91-113). Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter.
37. Oerter, R. (1994). Persons' conception of human nature: A cross-cultural comparison. In J. Valsiner (Ed.), Child development within culturally structured environments: Vol. 3. Comparative cultural and constructivist perspectives (pp. 210-242). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
38. Olson, D.R. (1986). Intelligence and literacy: The relationships between intelligence and the technologies of representation and communication. In R.J. Sternberg & R.K. Wagner (Eds.), Practical intelligence: Nature and origins of competence in the everyday world (pp. 338-360). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39. Parsons, T. (1949). The structure of social action (Vol. 2). New York: Free Press.
40. Perry, W. (1970). Forms of intellectual and ethical development in the college years: A schema. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
41. Piaget, J. (1977a). The development of thought: Equilibrium of cognitive structures. New York: Viking.
42. Piaget, J. (1977b). The moral judgement of the child (orig. 1932: Le jugement moral chez l'enfant, trans. M. Gabain). Harmondsworth: Penguin.
43. Riegel, K.F. (1975). Toward a dialectical theory of development. Human Development, 18, 50-64.
44. Riegel, K.F. (1980). Grundlagen der dialektischen Psychologie. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
45. Rogoff, B. (1990). Apprenticeship in thinking: Cognitive development in social context. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
46. Rothbaum, F., Weisz, J.R., & Snyder, S.S. (1982). Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 5-37.
47. Rotter, J.B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80(1), 1-28.
48. Scribner, S. (1979). Modes of thinking and ways of speaking: Culture and logics reconsidered. In R.O. Freedle (Ed.), New directions in discourse processing (pp. 483-500). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
49. Scribner, S., & Cole, M. (1973). The cognitive consequences of formal and informal education. Science, 182, 553-559.
50. Seagoe, M.V., & Murakami, K. (1961). A comparative study of children's play in America and Japan. California Journal of Educational Research, 12, 124-130.
51. Segall, M.H., Dasen, P.R., Berry, J.W., & Poortinga, Y.H. (1990). Human behavior in global perspective. New York: Pergamon.
52. Seligman, M.E.P. (1975). Helplessness: On depression, development, and death. San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
53. Sharp, D., Cole, M. & Lave, C. (1979). Education and cognitive development: The evidence from experimental research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Serial No. 178, 44(1-2).
54. Sigel, I.E. (1994). Elterliche Überzeugungen und deren Rolle bei der kognitiven Entwicklung von Kindern. Unterrichtswissenschaft, 22(2), 160-181.
55. Triandis, H.C. (1989). The self and the social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96, 506-520.
56. Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (Eds.), Organization of memory (pp. 382-404). New York: Academic Press.
57. Tulviste, P. (1979). On the origins of theoretic syllogistic reasoning in culture and the child. Quarterly Newsletter of the Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition, 1, 73-80.
58. Ueda, K. (1974). Sixteen ways to avoid saying 'no' in Japan. In J. Cordon & M. Saito (Eds.), Intercultural encounters with Japan: Communication, contact, and conflict. Tokyo: Simul Press.
59. Valsiner, J. (1989). Human development and culture. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
60. Weisz, J.R., Rothbaum, F.M., & Blackburn, T.C. (1984). Standing out and standing in: The psychology of control in America and Japan. American Psychologist, 39, 955-969.
61. Wellman, H.M. (1985). The child's theory of mind: The development of conceptions of cognition. In S.R. Yussen (Ed.), The growth of reflection (pp. 169-206). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
62. Yoon, T.R. (1990). The Koreans, their culture, and personality. Individualism and collectivism: Psychocultural perspectives from east and west. Seoul: Korean Psychological Association.