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Foucault argues in his The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, London, 1979, that the eighteenth century witnessed a growing discourse around sexuality, and that while much of this was condemnatory, the very existence of more discussion was itself the significant transition.
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Peter Laslett, Karla Oosterveen and Richard Smith (eds), London
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For material on eighteenth century demography see Peter Laslett, Karla Oosterveen and Richard Smith (eds), Bastardy and Its Comparative History, London, 1980;
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(1980)
Bastardy and Its Comparative History
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8
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"For Their Own Reasons": Individual Marriage Decisions and Family Life
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David Levine, '"For Their Own Reasons": Individual Marriage Decisions and Family Life', Journal of Family History, Fall 1982, 255-64;
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Levine, D.1
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Roger Schofield, 'English Marriage Patterns Revisited', Journal of Family History, Spring 1985, 2-20;
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Pamela Sharpe, 'Locating the "Missing Marryers" in Colyton, 1660-1750', Local Population Studies 48, Spring 1992, 49-59;
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Local Population Studies
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Sharpe, P.1
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Pamela Sharpe, 'Marital Separation in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries', Local Population Studies 45, Autumn 1990, 66-70;
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Richard Wall, 'Leaving Home and the Process of Household Formation in Pre-Industrial England', Continuity and Change 2(1) 1987, 77-101;
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Winter
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David R. Weir, 'Rather Never Than Late: Celibacy and Age at Marriage in English Cohort Fertility, 1541-1871', Journal of Family History Winter 1984, 340-54;
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Adrian Wilson, 'Illegitimacy and Its Implications in Mid-Eighteenth- Century London: The Evidence of the Foundling Hospital', Continuity and Change 4: 1, 1989, 103-64;
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Wilson, A.1
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E. A. Wrigley, 'The Growth of Population in Eighteenth-Century England: A Conundrum Resolved', Past & Present 98 (1983), 121-50;
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Wrigley, E.A.1
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R. B. Outhwaite (ed.), New York
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Grace Wyatt, 'Bastardy and Prenuptual Pregnancy in a Cheshire Town During the Eighteenth Century', Local Population Studies 49, Autumn 1992, 38-50.
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Hill, B.1
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85028618009
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note
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It has been pointed out that many of the phenomenon mentioned here can be found at different times in English history. The bastardy rate, for instance, reached similar levels around 1600. But the collective impact of all the changes noticed in the eighteenth century does suggest a fundamental transition. Also, to say that more people are having penetrative sex in 1750 than they were in 1700, does not preclude the existence of a higher rate of penetrative sex in 1600 than in 1700.
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23
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84925911714
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Female Sexual Attitudes and the Rise of Illegitimacy: A Case Study
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Spring
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for critiques of Snorter's analysis see Cissie Fairchilds, 'Female Sexual Attitudes and the Rise of Illegitimacy: A Case Study', Journal of Interdisciplinary History No. 4, Spring 1978, 627-67;
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Fairchilds, C.1
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Peter Laslett, 'Introduction: Comparing Illegitimacy Over Time and Between Cultures' in Laslett, Oosterveen and Smith (eds), Bastardy and Its Comparative History, pp. 26-9.
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Bastardy and Its Comparative History
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Laslett, P.1
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See Lawrence Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England, 1500-1800, first edition, London, 1977;
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Stone, L.1
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For a critique of Stone's early work on the family see Richard T. Vann, 'Review Essay' in Journal of Family History, Fall 1979, 308-15.
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Vann, R.T.1
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Henry Abelove, 'Some Speculations on the History of Sexual Intercourse during the Long Eighteenth Century in England', Genders No. 6, Fall 1989, 125-30.
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Patrick O'Brien and Roland Quinault (eds), Cambridge
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Louis Crompton, 'Don Leon, Byron, and homosexual law reform', Journal of Homosexuality, 8:3/4, 1983, 53-72;
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Dorelies Kraakman, 'Reading Pornography Anew: a Critical History of Sexual Knowledge for Girls in French Erotic Fiction, 1750-1840', Journal of the History of Sexuality 4:4, April 1994, 517-48;
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Iain McCalman, 'Unrespectable Radicalism, Infidels and Pornography in Early 19th Century London', Past and Present, no. 104, 1984, 74-110;
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Donald H. Mengay, 'The Sodomitical Muse: Fanny Hill and the Rhetoric of Crossdressing', Journal of Homosexuality, 23:1/2, 1991, 185-98;
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G. S. Rousseau and Roy Porter (eds), Sexual Underworlds of the Enlightenment, Manchester, 1987;
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Lawrence Stone, 'Libertine Sexuality in Post-Restoration England: Group Sex and Flagellation among the Middling Sort in Norwich in 1706-07', Journal of the History of Sexuality, 2:4, 1992, 511-26;
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Lexington, Ken.
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Nussbaum, F.1
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A Touch of Danger: The Man-Midwife as Sexual Predator
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Roy Porter, 'A Touch of Danger: the Man-Midwife as Sexual Predator' in G. S. Rousseau and Roy Porter (eds), Sexual Underworlds of the Enlightenment, Manchester, 1987, pp. 206-32.
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Londa Schiebinger, 'Skeletons in the Closet: the First Illustrations of the Female Skeleton in Eighteenth-Century Anatomy' in Catherine Gallagher and Thomas Laqueur (eds), The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century, Berkeley, CA, 1987, pp. 42-82;
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Schiebinger, L.1
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London
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For a recent critique of this literature and of Thomas Laqueur's work in particular see Lyndal Roper, Oedipus & the Devil: Witchcraft, Sexuality and Religion in Early Modern Europe, London, 1994. Roper argues that too much emphasis has been placed on the role of discourses surrounding the body, and insufficient allowance made for the shared experience of inhabiting a physical form.
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For a specific treatment of the history of the clitoris see Laqueur, 'Amor Veneris' in Feher, Fragments, pp. 90-131.
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The most recent use of the term in this sense recorded in the OED is dated 1667
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The most recent use of the term in this sense recorded in the OED is dated 1667.
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The Sorrows of Priapus: Anticlericalism, Homosocial Desire, and Richard Payne Knight
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There is a significant literature on phallo-centrism in late eighteenth-century English culture, although it has been largely concerned with issues associated with homosexual desire. See for example G. S. Rousseau, 'The Sorrows of Priapus: Anticlericalism, Homosocial Desire, and Richard Payne Knight' in Rousseau and Porter (eds), Sexual Underworlds, pp. 101-53.
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It is important to note that what is being suggested here is a shift in emphasis, rather than a cataclysmic change in behaviour. Penises appear quite regularly in the popular literature of the seventeenth century, and interest in and writings related to penetrative sex are reasonably common throughout the early modern period. For an account of the sexual assumptions and content of seventeenth-century chapbooks and ballads see Margaret Spufford, Small Books and Pleasant Histories: Popular Fiction and Its Readership in Seventeenth-Century England, Cambridge, 1981.
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Small Books and Pleasant Histories: Popular Fiction and Its Readership in Seventeenth-Century England
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