메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 21-30

Oral contraceptive use and venous thromboembolism: A consideration of the impact of bias and confounding factors on epidemiological studies

Author keywords

Bias; Confounding factors; Deep vein thrombosis; Epidemological studies; Oral contraceptives; Pulmonary embolism; Venous thromboembolism

Indexed keywords

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT;

EID: 0030088871     PISSN: 13625187     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/13625189609150652     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (37)
  • 1
    • 0029564931 scopus 로고
    • Venous thromboembolic disease and combined oral contraceptives: Results of international multicentre case-control study
    • World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Venous thromboembolic disease and combined oral contraceptives: results of international multicentre case-control study. Lancet 1995; 346: 1575-82
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1575-1582
  • 2
    • 13344260005 scopus 로고
    • Effect of different progestogens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease
    • World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Effect of different progestogens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease. Lancet 1995; 346: 1582-8
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1582-1588
  • 3
    • 0029586002 scopus 로고
    • Risk of idiopathic cardiovascular death and nonfatal venous thromboembolism in women using oral contraceptives with differing progestogen components
    • Jick H, Jick SS, Gurewich V, et al. Risk of idiopathic cardiovascular death and nonfatal venous thromboembolism in women using oral contraceptives with differing progestogen components. Lancet 1995; 346: 1589-93
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1589-1593
    • Jick, H.1    Jick, S.S.2    Gurewich, V.3
  • 4
    • 0029671042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thromboembolic disorders: An international case-control study
    • Spitzer WO, Lewis MA, Heinemann LAJ, et al. Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thromboembolic disorders: an international case-control study. Br Med J 1996; 312: 83-8
    • (1996) Br Med J , vol.312 , pp. 83-88
    • Spitzer, W.O.1    Lewis, M.A.2    Heinemann, L.A.J.3
  • 5
    • 0029671040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of myocardial infarction: An international case-control study
    • Lewis MA, Spitzer WO, Heinemann LAJ, et al. Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of myocardial infarction: an international case-control study. Br Med J 1996; 312: 88-90
    • (1996) Br Med J , vol.312 , pp. 88-90
    • Lewis, M.A.1    Spitzer, W.O.2    Heinemann, L.A.J.3
  • 6
    • 0029609256 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of factor V Leiden mutation of risk of deep-vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives containing a third-generation progestogen
    • Bloemenkamp KWM, Rosendaal FR, Heimerhorst FM, et al. Enhancement of factor V Leiden mutation of risk of deep-vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives containing a third-generation progestogen. Lancet 1995; 346: 1593-6
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1593-1596
    • Bloemenkamp, K.W.M.1    Rosendaal, F.R.2    Heimerhorst, F.M.3
  • 7
    • 0029032629 scopus 로고
    • The risk of venous thromboembolism associated with low oestrogen oral contraceptives
    • Farmer RDT, Preston TD. The risk of venous thromboembolism associated with low oestrogen oral contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 15: 195-200
    • (1995) Obstet Gynecol , vol.15 , pp. 195-200
    • Farmer, R.D.T.1    Preston, T.D.2
  • 8
    • 1842573416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letter to the Editor. Results of AAH Meditel Study
    • Farmer RDT. Letter to the Editor. Results of AAH Meditel Study. Lancet 1996; 347: 259
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 259
    • Farmer, R.D.T.1
  • 9
    • 0026078062 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptive estrogen dose and risk of deep venous thromboembolic disease
    • Gerstman BB, Piper JM, Tomita DK, et al. Oral contraceptive estrogen dose and risk of deep venous thromboembolic disease. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 32-7
    • (1991) Am J Epidemiol , vol.133 , pp. 32-37
    • Gerstman, B.B.1    Piper, J.M.2    Tomita, D.K.3
  • 10
    • 0000411138 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism: Findings in a large prospective study
    • Vessey M, Mant D, Smith A, et al. Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism: findings in a large prospective study. Br Med J 1986; 292: 526
    • (1986) Br Med J , vol.292 , pp. 526
    • Vessey, M.1    Mant, D.2    Smith, A.3
  • 12
    • 0017821724 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives, venous thrombosis, and varicose veins: Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study
    • Royal College of General Practitioners. Oral contraceptives, venous thrombosis, and varicose veins: Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study. J R Coll Gen Pract 1978; 28: 393-9
    • (1978) J R Coll Gen Pract , vol.28 , pp. 393-399
  • 13
    • 0017620063 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of hypercoagulability in users of oral contraceptives
    • Graeff H, Battis, Hafter R, et al. Evaluation of hypercoagulability in users of oral contraceptives. Klin Wochenschr 1977; 55: 175-9
    • (1977) Klin Wochenschr , vol.55 , pp. 175-179
    • Graeff, H.1    Battis2    Hafter, R.3
  • 14
    • 0023629619 scopus 로고
    • Coagulation effects of oral contraceptives
    • Bonnar J. Coagulation effects of oral contraceptives. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157: 1042-8
    • (1987) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.157 , pp. 1042-1048
    • Bonnar, J.1
  • 15
    • 0017768229 scopus 로고
    • Haemostatic, lipid and blood-pressure profiles of women on oral contraceptives containing 50 μg or 30 μg oestrogen
    • Meade TW, Haines AP, North WR, et al. Haemostatic, lipid and blood-pressure profiles of women on oral contraceptives containing 50 μg or 30 μg oestrogen. Lancet 1977; 2: 948-51
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 948-951
    • Meade, T.W.1    Haines, A.P.2    North, W.R.3
  • 16
    • 0025228398 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two triphasic contraceptives with different progestogens: Effects on metabolism and coagulation proteins
    • Ball MJ, Ashwell E, Jackson M, et al. Comparison of two triphasic contraceptives with different progestogens: effects on metabolism and coagulation proteins. Contraception 1990; 41: 363-76
    • (1990) Contraception , vol.41 , pp. 363-376
    • Ball, M.J.1    Ashwell, E.2    Jackson, M.3
  • 17
    • 0024801657 scopus 로고
    • Lipid metabolism and coagulation of two contraceptives: Correlation to serum concentrations of levonorgestel and gestodene
    • Kjaer A, Lebech AM, Borggaard B, et al. Lipid metabolism and coagulation of two contraceptives: correlation to serum concentrations of levonorgestel and gestodene. Contraception 1989; 40: 665-73
    • (1989) Contraception , vol.40 , pp. 665-673
    • Kjaer, A.1    Lebech, A.M.2    Borggaard, B.3
  • 18
    • 0025966622 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study on the effects of a monophasic pill containing desogestrel plus 20 μg ethinylestradiol, a triphasic combination containing levonorgestrel and a monophasic combination containing gestodene on coagulatory factors
    • Melis GB, Fruzzetti F, Nicoletti I, et al. A comparative study on the effects of a monophasic pill containing desogestrel plus 20 μg ethinylestradiol, a triphasic combination containing levonorgestrel and a monophasic combination containing gestodene on coagulatory factors. Contraception 1991; 43: 23-31
    • (1991) Contraception , vol.43 , pp. 23-31
    • Melis, G.B.1    Fruzzetti, F.2    Nicoletti, I.3
  • 19
    • 0024989752 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic changes during treatment with two different progestogens
    • Refn H, Kjaer A, Lebech AM, et al. Metabolic changes during treatment with two different progestogens. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 374-7
    • (1990) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.163 , pp. 374-377
    • Refn, H.1    Kjaer, A.2    Lebech, A.M.3
  • 20
    • 0025107258 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the lipoprotein and haemostatic changes after a triphasic and a monophasic low dose oral contraceptive in premenopausal middle-aged women
    • Sirtori CR, Calabresi L, Franceschini G, et al. Comparison of the lipoprotein and haemostatic changes after a triphasic and a monophasic low dose oral contraceptive in premenopausal middle-aged women. Atherosclerosis 1990; 84: 203-11
    • (1990) Atherosclerosis , vol.84 , pp. 203-211
    • Sirtori, C.R.1    Calabresi, L.2    Franceschini, G.3
  • 22
    • 0029049462 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology faces its limits
    • Taubes G. Epidemiology faces its limits. Science 1995; 269: 164-9
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 164-169
    • Taubes, G.1
  • 23
    • 0029161079 scopus 로고
    • The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug therapies
    • Psaty BM, Heckbert SR, Koepsell TD, et al. The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug therapies. J Am Med Assoc 1995; 274: 620-5
    • (1995) J Am Med Assoc , vol.274 , pp. 620-625
    • Psaty, B.M.1    Heckbert, S.R.2    Koepsell, T.D.3
  • 24
    • 0029128658 scopus 로고
    • Calcium channel blockers and myocardial infarction: A hypothesis formulated but not yet tested
    • Buring JE, Glynn RJ, Hennekens CH. Calcium channel blockers and myocardial infarction: a hypothesis formulated but not yet tested. J Am Med Assoc 1995; 274: 654-5
    • (1995) J Am Med Assoc , vol.274 , pp. 654-655
    • Buring, J.E.1    Glynn, R.J.2    Hennekens, C.H.3
  • 26
    • 0028196995 scopus 로고
    • The evolving concept of the healthy worker survivor effect
    • Arrighi HM, Hertz-Picciotto I. The evolving concept of the healthy worker survivor effect. Epidemiology 1994; 5: 189-96
    • (1994) Epidemiology , vol.5 , pp. 189-196
    • Arrighi, H.M.1    Hertz-Picciotto, I.2
  • 27
    • 0029986752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilization patterns of oral contraceptives in UK general practice
    • Farmer RDT, Lawrenson R. Utilization patterns of oral contraceptives in UK general practice. Contraception 1996; 54: 211-15
    • (1996) Contraception , vol.54 , pp. 211-215
    • Farmer, R.D.T.1    Lawrenson, R.2
  • 28
    • 0000398947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of combined oral contraceptive pills - Authors' reply
    • Poulter NR, Farley TMM, Chang CL, et al. Safety of combined oral contraceptive pills - Authors' reply. Lancet 1996; 347: 547
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 547
    • Poulter, N.R.1    Farley, T.M.M.2    Chang, C.L.3
  • 29
    • 0014599127 scopus 로고
    • Thrombosis and oral contraceptives: A case control study
    • Sartwell PE, Masi AT, Arthes FG, et al. Thrombosis and oral contraceptives: a case control study. Am J Epidemiol 1969; 90: 365-80
    • (1969) Am J Epidemiol , vol.90 , pp. 365-380
    • Sartwell, P.E.1    Masi, A.T.2    Arthes, F.G.3
  • 30
    • 0014674692 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of relation between use of oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease. A further report
    • Vessey MP, Doll R. Investigation of relation between use of oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease. A further report. Br Med J 1969; 2: 651-7
    • (1969) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 651-657
    • Vessey, M.P.1    Doll, R.2
  • 31
    • 0015148723 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease
    • Bottiger LE, Westerholm B. Oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease. Acta Med Scand 1971; 190: 455-63
    • (1971) Acta Med Scand , vol.190 , pp. 455-463
    • Bottiger, L.E.1    Westerholm, B.2
  • 32
    • 84970857736 scopus 로고
    • Risk is highest during first months of use
    • Reijnen HBM, Atsma WJ. Risk is highest during first months of use. Letter to the Editor. Br Med J 1995; 311: 1639
    • (1995) Br Med J , vol.311 , pp. 1639
    • Reijnen, H.B.M.1    Atsma, W.J.2
  • 33
    • 0030200017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The increased risk of venous thromboembolism and the use of third generation progestagens: Role of bias in observational research
    • in press
    • Lewis MA, Heinemann LAJ, MacRae KD, et al. The increased risk of venous thromboembolism and the use of third generation progestagens: role of bias in observational research. Contraception 1996; in press
    • (1996) Contraception
    • Lewis, M.A.1    Heinemann, L.A.J.2    MacRae, K.D.3
  • 34
    • 0028314865 scopus 로고
    • Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C
    • Bertina RM, Koeleman BPC, Koster T, et al. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature (London) 1994; 369: 64-7
    • (1994) Nature (London) , vol.369 , pp. 64-67
    • Bertina, R.M.1    Koeleman, B.P.C.2    Koster, T.3
  • 35
    • 0027520285 scopus 로고
    • Venous thrombosis due to poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C: Leiden Thrombophilia Study
    • Koster T, Rosendaal FR, De Ronde H, et al. Venous thrombosis due to poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C: Leiden Thrombophilia Study. Lancet 1993; 342: 1503-6
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1503-1506
    • Koster, T.1    Rosendaal, F.R.2    De Ronde, H.3
  • 36
    • 0028029477 scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral-contraceptive users who are carriers of factor V Leiden mutation
    • Vandenbroucke JP, Koster T, Briet E, et al. Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral-contraceptive users who are carriers of factor V Leiden mutation. Lancet 1994; 344: 1453-7
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1453-1457
    • Vandenbroucke, J.P.1    Koster, T.2    Briet, E.3
  • 37
    • 0000398947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of combined oral contraceptive pills - Authors' reply
    • Vandenbroucke JP, Bloemenkamp KWM, Helmerhorst FM, et al. Safety of combined oral contraceptive pills - Authors' reply. Lancet 1996; 347: 547-8
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 547-548
    • Vandenbroucke, J.P.1    Bloemenkamp, K.W.M.2    Helmerhorst, F.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.