메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 91-105

Aromatic nitrations by mixed acid. Fast liquid-liquid reaction regime

Author keywords

Aromatic nitration; Fast liquid liquid reactions; Heterogeneous dispersions

Indexed keywords

ACIDS; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; BENZENE; CALORIMETRY; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; DISPERSIONS; LIQUIDS; MASS TRANSFER; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; TOLUENE;

EID: 0030088301     PISSN: 02552701     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0255-2701(95)04119-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (57)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 0003970635 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • K. Schofield, Aromatic Nitration, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980.
    • (1980) Aromatic Nitration
    • Schofield, K.1
  • 4
    • 0019674404 scopus 로고
    • Drop break-up and coalescence. Micromixing effects in liquid-liquid reactors
    • A.E. Rodriguez, J.M. Calo and N.H. Sweed (eds.), Sijthoff et Noordhoff, Alphen aan den Rijn
    • J. Villermaux, Drop break-up and coalescence. Micromixing effects in liquid-liquid reactors, in A.E. Rodriguez, J.M. Calo and N.H. Sweed (eds.), Multiphase Chemical Reactors VI. Fundamentals, Sijthoff et Noordhoff, Alphen aan den Rijn, 1981, 285-362.
    • (1981) Multiphase Chemical Reactors VI. Fundamentals , pp. 285-362
    • Villermaux, J.1
  • 6
    • 0000606286 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of drop sizes produced in turbulent liquid-liquid dispersions
    • F.B. Sprow, Distribution of drop sizes produced in turbulent liquid-liquid dispersions, Chem. Eng. Sci., 22 (1967) 435-442.
    • (1967) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 435-442
    • Sprow, F.B.1
  • 7
    • 0027611446 scopus 로고
    • A new model for coalescence efficiency of drops in stirred dispersion
    • S. Kumar, R. Kumar and K.S. Gandhi, A new model for coalescence efficiency of drops in stirred dispersion, Chem. Eng. Sci., 45 (1993) 2025-2038.
    • (1993) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 2025-2038
    • Kumar, S.1    Kumar, R.2    Gandhi, K.S.3
  • 8
    • 0001738035 scopus 로고
    • The break-up of droplets in a turbulent stream
    • A.N. Kolmogorov, The break-up of droplets in a turbulent stream, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 66 (1949) 825-828.
    • (1949) Dokl. Akad. Nauk , vol.66 , pp. 825-828
    • Kolmogorov, A.N.1
  • 9
    • 84985609411 scopus 로고
    • Drop size distribution and coalescence frequencies of liquid-liquid dispersions in flow vessels
    • C.A. Coulaloglou and L.L. Tavlarides, Drop size distribution and coalescence frequencies of liquid-liquid dispersions in flow vessels, AIChE J., 22 (1976) 289-297.
    • (1976) AIChE J. , vol.22 , pp. 289-297
    • Coulaloglou, C.A.1    Tavlarides, L.L.2
  • 10
    • 0000086284 scopus 로고
    • The analysis of interphase reactions and mass transfer in liquid-liquid dispersions
    • T.B. Drew, G.R. Cokelet, J.W. Hoopes, Jr. and T. Vermeulen (eds.), Academic Press, New York
    • L.L. Tavlarides and M. Stamatoudis, The analysis of interphase reactions and mass transfer in liquid-liquid dispersions, in T.B. Drew, G.R. Cokelet, J.W. Hoopes, Jr. and T. Vermeulen (eds.), Advances in Chemical Engineering, Vol. 11, Academic Press, New York, 1981.
    • (1981) Advances in Chemical Engineering , vol.11
    • Tavlarides, L.L.1    Stamatoudis, M.2
  • 11
    • 0028410778 scopus 로고
    • Phase inversion in non-ionic surfactant-oil-water systems II. Drop size studies in catastrophic inversion with turbulent mixing
    • B.W. Brooks and H.N. Richmond, Phase inversion in non-ionic surfactant-oil-water systems II. Drop size studies in catastrophic inversion with turbulent mixing, Chem. Eng. Sci., 49 (1994) 1065-1075.
    • (1994) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 1065-1075
    • Brooks, B.W.1    Richmond, H.N.2
  • 12
    • 0016952342 scopus 로고
    • The effect of coalescence on the average drop size in liquid-liquid dispersions
    • M.A. Delichatsios and R.F. Probstein, The effect of coalescence on the average drop size in liquid-liquid dispersions, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 15 (1976) 134-137.
    • (1976) Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. , vol.15 , pp. 134-137
    • Delichatsios, M.A.1    Probstein, R.F.2
  • 13
    • 0000903169 scopus 로고
    • Physical rate process in industrial fermenters, I. the interfacial area in gas-liquid contacting with mechanical agitation
    • P.H. Calderbank, Physical rate process in industrial fermenters, I. The interfacial area in gas-liquid contacting with mechanical agitation, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 36 (1958) 43-48.
    • (1958) Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. , vol.36 , pp. 43-48
    • Calderbank, P.H.1
  • 15
    • 0042041293 scopus 로고
    • A new system for the measurements of effective interfacial area in agitated liquid-liquid contactors by the chemical method
    • D.S. Sankholkar and M.M. Sharma, A new system for the measurements of effective interfacial area in agitated liquid-liquid contactors by the chemical method, Chem. Eng. Sci., 28 (1973) 2089-2092.
    • (1973) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 2089-2092
    • Sankholkar, D.S.1    Sharma, M.M.2
  • 16
    • 0025189044 scopus 로고
    • Scale-up of liquid-liquid dispersion in stirred tanks
    • S. Okufi, E.S. Perez de Ortiz and H. Sawistowski, Scale-up of liquid-liquid dispersion in stirred tanks, Can. J. Eng., 68 (1990) 400-406.
    • (1990) Can. J. Eng. , vol.68 , pp. 400-406
    • Okufi, S.1    De Perez Ortiz, E.S.2    Sawistowski, H.3
  • 18
    • 34250590585 scopus 로고
    • On the theory of extractions from falling droplets
    • R. Kronig and J.C. Brink, On the theory of extractions from falling droplets, Appl. Sci. Res. A, 2 (1960) 142-154.
    • (1960) Appl. Sci. Res. A , vol.2 , pp. 142-154
    • Kronig, R.1    Brink, J.C.2
  • 19
    • 0015127143 scopus 로고
    • Mass transfer inside liquid droplets and gas bubbles accompanied by a second-order chemical reaction
    • R.J. Brunson and R.M. Wellek, Mass transfer inside liquid droplets and gas bubbles accompanied by a second-order chemical reaction, AIChE J., 17 (1971) 1123-1130.
    • (1971) AIChE J. , vol.17 , pp. 1123-1130
    • Brunson, R.J.1    Wellek, R.M.2
  • 20
    • 0024124286 scopus 로고
    • Thermally safe operation of a cooled semi-batch reactor. Slow liquid-liquid reactions
    • M. Steensma and K.R. Westerterp, Thermally safe operation of a cooled semi-batch reactor. Slow liquid-liquid reactions, Chem. Eng. Sci., 43 (1988) 2125-2130.
    • (1988) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 2125-2130
    • Steensma, M.1    Westerterp, K.R.2
  • 21
    • 0024001052 scopus 로고
    • On line procedures for supervising the operation of batch reactors
    • D. Bonvin and U. Saner, On line procedures for supervising the operation of batch reactors, Comput. Chem. Eng., 12 (1988) 371-376.
    • (1988) Comput. Chem. Eng. , vol.12 , pp. 371-376
    • Bonvin, D.1    Saner, U.2
  • 23
    • 0027003914 scopus 로고
    • Heat effects due to dilution during aromatic nitrations by mixed acid in batch conditions
    • J.M. Zaldívar, H. Hernández, C. Barcons and R. Nomen, Heat effects due to dilution during aromatic nitrations by mixed acid in batch conditions, J. Therm. Anal., 38 (1992) 2575-2582.
    • (1992) J. Therm. Anal. , vol.38 , pp. 2575-2582
    • Zaldívar, J.M.1    Hernández, H.2    Barcons, C.3    Nomen, R.4
  • 24
    • 21144467045 scopus 로고
    • Mononitration of toluene and quantitative determination of the isomer distribution by gas chromatography
    • E. Molga, C. Barcons and J.M. Zaldívar, Mononitration of toluene and quantitative determination of the isomer distribution by gas chromatography, Afinidad, 50 (1993) 15-20.
    • (1993) Afinidad , vol.50 , pp. 15-20
    • Molga, E.1    Barcons, C.2    Zaldívar, J.M.3
  • 25
    • 0027676059 scopus 로고
    • Development of a mathematical model and a numerical simulator for the analysis and optimization of batch reactors
    • H. Hernández, J.M. Zaldívar and C. Barcons, Development of a mathematical model and a numerical simulator for the analysis and optimization of batch reactors, Comput. Chem. Eng., 17S (1993) 45-50.
    • (1993) Comput. Chem. Eng. , vol.17 S , pp. 45-50
    • Hernández, H.1    Zaldívar, J.M.2    Barcons, C.3
  • 27
    • 0000798924 scopus 로고
    • Effective interfacial area in agitated liquid-liquid contactors
    • J.B. Fernandez and M.M. Sharma, Effective interfacial area in agitated liquid-liquid contactors, Chem. Eng. Sci., 22 (1967) 1267-1282.
    • (1967) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 1267-1282
    • Fernandez, J.B.1    Sharma, M.M.2
  • 28
    • 0026310441 scopus 로고
    • Thermally safe operation of a semibatch reactor for liquid-liquid reactions. Fast reactions
    • M. Steensma and K.R. Westerterp, Thermally safe operation of a semibatch reactor for liquid-liquid reactions. Fast reactions, Chem. Eng. Technol., 14 (1991) 367-375.
    • (1991) Chem. Eng. Technol. , vol.14 , pp. 367-375
    • Steensma, M.1    Westerterp, K.R.2
  • 30
    • 0345426676 scopus 로고
    • The continuous phase heat and mass-transfer properties of dispersions
    • P.H. Calderbank and M.B. Moo-Young, The continuous phase heat and mass-transfer properties of dispersions, Chem. Eng. Sci., 16 (1961) 39-54.
    • (1961) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 39-54
    • Calderbank, P.H.1    Moo-Young, M.B.2
  • 32
    • 0042542125 scopus 로고
    • Applicabilité de la méthode chimique de measure de l'aire interfaciale
    • M. De Santiago and P. Trambouze, Applicabilité de la méthode chimique de measure de l'aire interfaciale, Chem. Eng. Sci., 26 (1971) 1803-1815.
    • (1971) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 1803-1815
    • De Santiago, M.1    Trambouze, P.2
  • 33
    • 85029997176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bourne et al.
    • Bourne et al.
  • 36
    • 84984087396 scopus 로고
    • Mass transfer inside drops
    • A.I. Johnson and A.E. Hamielec, Mass transfer inside drops, AIChE J., 6 (1960) 145-149.
    • (1960) AIChE J. , vol.6 , pp. 145-149
    • Johnson, A.I.1    Hamielec, A.E.2
  • 37
    • 84984083368 scopus 로고
    • Mass and heat transfer from drops in liquid-liquid extraction
    • A.E. Handlos and T. Baron, Mass and heat transfer from drops in liquid-liquid extraction, AIChE J., 3 (1957) 127-136.
    • (1957) AIChE J. , vol.3 , pp. 127-136
    • Handlos, A.E.1    Baron, T.2
  • 38
    • 0042041300 scopus 로고
    • Extraction with single turbulent droplets
    • R.M. Wellek and A.H.P. Skelland, Extraction with single turbulent droplets, AIChE J., 11 (1965) 557-560.
    • (1965) AIChE J. , vol.11 , pp. 557-560
    • Wellek, R.M.1    Skelland, A.H.P.2
  • 39
    • 0001877311 scopus 로고
    • Oscillations of drops falling in a liquid field
    • R.R. Schroeder and R.C. Kintner, Oscillations of drops falling in a liquid field, AIChE J., 11 (1965) 5-8.
    • (1965) AIChE J. , vol.11 , pp. 5-8
    • Schroeder, R.R.1    Kintner, R.C.2
  • 40
    • 0023138761 scopus 로고
    • The velocity of particles, drops and bubbles
    • J.A. Wesselingh, The velocity of particles, drops and bubbles, Chem. Eng. Process, 21 (1987) 9-14.
    • (1987) Chem. Eng. Process , vol.21 , pp. 9-14
    • Wesselingh, J.A.1
  • 41
    • 84984086068 scopus 로고
    • The fall of single liquid drops through water
    • S. Hu and R.C. Kintner, The fall of single liquid drops through water, AIChE J., 1 (1955) 42-48.
    • (1955) AIChE J. , vol.1 , pp. 42-48
    • Hu, S.1    Kintner, R.C.2
  • 42
    • 0025536038 scopus 로고
    • Interfacial tensions in binary and ternary liquid-liquid systems
    • H.M. Backes, J.J.M.E. Bender and G. Maurer, Interfacial tensions in binary and ternary liquid-liquid systems, Chem. Eng. Sci., 45 (1990) 275-286.
    • (1990) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 275-286
    • Backes, H.M.1    Bender, J.J.M.E.2    Maurer, G.3
  • 43
    • 33947551238 scopus 로고
    • The boundary tension at water-organic liquid interfaces
    • D.J. Donahue and F.E. Bartell, The boundary tension at water-organic liquid interfaces, J. Phys. Chem., 56 (1952) 480-484.
    • (1952) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.56 , pp. 480-484
    • Donahue, D.J.1    Bartell, F.E.2
  • 44
    • 0014752541 scopus 로고
    • Generalization of theory for estimation of interfacial energies
    • R.J. Good and E. Elbing, Generalization of theory for estimation of interfacial energies, Ind. Eng. Chem., 62 (1970) 54-78.
    • (1970) Ind. Eng. Chem. , vol.62 , pp. 54-78
    • Good, R.J.1    Elbing, E.2
  • 45
    • 0024899918 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of interfacial tension of binary liquid mixtures from mutual solubility by the UNIQUAC method
    • B. Li and J. Fu, Prediction of interfacial tension of binary liquid mixtures from mutual solubility by the UNIQUAC method, Chem. Eng. Sci., 44 (1989) 1519-1527.
    • (1989) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 1519-1527
    • Li, B.1    Fu, J.2
  • 46
    • 0042542127 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of the interfacial tension between two phases of a binary system
    • M. Kahlweit, Calculation of the interfacial tension between two phases of a binary system, Z. Phys. Chem., 34 (1962) 163-181.
    • (1962) Z. Phys. Chem. , vol.34 , pp. 163-181
    • Kahlweit, M.1
  • 48
    • 0041540082 scopus 로고
    • Density and surface tension of phenol, (mono, di-, and tri-) chlorophenols, salol and (o- and m-) chloronitrobenzenes
    • R.B. Badachhape, M.K. Gharpurey and A.B. Biswas, Density and surface tension of phenol, (mono, di-, and tri-) chlorophenols, salol and (o- and m-) chloronitrobenzenes, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 10 (1965) 143-145.
    • (1965) J. Chem. Eng. Data , vol.10 , pp. 143-145
    • Badachhape, R.B.1    Gharpurey, M.K.2    Biswas, A.B.3
  • 49
    • 0042542126 scopus 로고
    • Drop size distribution in agitated liquid-liquid systems with simultaneous interface mass transfer and chemical reaction
    • Society of Chemical Industries
    • J.W. Giles, C. Hanson and J.G. Marsland, Drop size distribution in agitated liquid-liquid systems with simultaneous interface mass transfer and chemical reaction, Proc. Int. Solv. Extr. Conference, Society of Chemical Industries, 1971, pp. 94-111.
    • (1971) Proc. Int. Solv. Extr. Conference , pp. 94-111
    • Giles, J.W.1    Hanson, C.2    Marsland, J.G.3
  • 50
    • 0004254828 scopus 로고
    • V.W. Uhl and J.B. Gray (eds.), Academic Press, New York
    • P.H. Calderbank, in V.W. Uhl and J.B. Gray (eds.), Mixing Theory and Practice, Academic Press, New York, 1967.
    • (1967) Mixing Theory and Practice
    • Calderbank, P.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.