Nonlinear gain coefficients in semiconductor lasers: Effects of carrier heating

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 201-212

  Tsai, Chin Yi ^b   Tsai, Chin Yao ^c   Spencer, Robert M ^b,d   Lo, Yu Hwa ^a,d   Eastman, Lester F ^a,d  

^a IEEE

^b DE MONTFORT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART   (Germany)

^d Cornell University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHARGE CARRIERS; ENERGY TRANSFER; GAIN MEASUREMENT; NATURAL FREQUENCIES; NONLINEAR OPTICS; PHONONS; RELAXATION PROCESSES;

CARRIER ENERGY RELAXATION; FREE CARRIER ABSORPTION HEATING; NONLINEAR GAIN COEFFICIENTS; SPECTRAL HOLE BURNING;

SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS;

EID: 0030086393     PISSN: 00189197     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/3.481867     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. J. E. Bowers, "High speed semiconductor lasers design and performance," Solid State Electron., vol. 30, pp. 1-11, 1987.
2. M. P. Kesler and E. P. Ippen, "Subpicosecond gain dynamics in GaAlAs lasers diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 1765-1767, 1987.
3. M. Willatzen, A. Uskov, J. Mork, H. Olesen, B. Tromborg, and A. P. Jauho, "Nonlinear gain suppression in semiconductor lasers due to carrier heating," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 3, pp. 606-609, 1991.
4. L. F. Lester and B. K. Ridley, "Hot carrier and the frequency response of quantum well lasers," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 72, pp. 2579-2588, 1992.
5. G. Wang, R. Nagarajan, D. Tauber, and J. Bowers, "Reduction of damping in high-speed semiconductor lasers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, pp. 642-645, 1993.
6. B. N. Gomatam and A. P. DeFonzo, "Theory of hot carrier effects on nonlinear gain in GaAs-GaAlAs lasers and amplifiers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 26, pp. 1689-1703.
7. M. Willatzen, T. Takahashi, and Y. Arakawa, "Nonlinear gain effects due to carrier heating and spectral hole burning in strained-quantum well lasers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 4, pp. 682-685, 1992.
8. B. K. Ridley, Quantum Processes in Semiconductors, 3rd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.
9. C. Y. Tsai, L. F. Eastman, and Y. H. Lo, "Hot carrier and hot phonon effects on high-speed quantum well laser," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 63, pp. 3408-3410, 1993.
10. B. K. Ridley, "Hot electrons in low dimensional structures," Rep. Prog. Phys., vol. 54, pp. 169-256, 1991.
11. J. Shah, "Hot carriers in quasi-2-d polar semiconductors," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. QE-22, pp. 1728-1743, 1986.
12. _, "Ultrafast luminescence spectroscopy of semiconductors: Carrier relaxation, transport, and tunneling," in Spectroscopy of Nonequilibrium Electrons and Phonons, C. V. Shank and B. P. Zakharchenya, Eds. North-Holland: Amsterdam, pp. 57-112, 1992.
13. W. Potz and P. Kocevar, "Electronic power transfer in pulsed laser excitation of polar semiconductors," Phys. Rev. B., vol. 28, pp. 7040-7047, 1983.
14. _, "Cooling of highly photonexcited electron-hole plasma in polar semiconductors and semiconductor quantum wells: A balance equation approach," in Hot Carrier in Semiconductor Nanostructure: Physics and Applications, J. Shah, Ed. San Diego, CA: Academic, 1992, pp. 313-344.
15. D. Bimberg and J. Mycielski, "Recombination induced heating of free carrier in a semiconductor," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 31, pp. 5490-5493, 1985.
16. _, "Recombination induced temperature change of nonequilibrium charge carriers," J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys., vol. 19, pp. 2363-2373, 1986.
17. 1-xAs: "Material parameters for use in research and device applications," J. Appl. Phy., vol. 58, pp. R1-R29, 1985.
18. B. K. Ridley and R. Gupta, "Nonelectronic scattering of longitudinal optical phonons in bulk polar semiconductors," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 43, pp. 4939-4944, 1991.
19. X. Q. Zhou, H. M. van Driel, W. W. Rühle, and K. Ploog, "Direct observation of a reduced cooling rate of hot carriers in the presence of nonequilibrium LO phonons in GaAs:As," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 46, pp. 16418-16151, 1992.
20. C. Y. Tsai, L. F. Eastman, Y. H. Lo, and C. Y. Tsai, "Carrier energy relaxation in multisubband quantum well lasers with hot phonon effects," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 76, pp. 5334-5338, 1994.
21. M. Lindberg and S. W. Koch, "Effective Bloch equations for semiconductors," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 38, pp. 3342-3350, 1988.
22. K. Henneberger, F. Herzel, S. W. Koch, R. Binder, A. E. Paul, and D. Scott, "Spectral hole burning and gain saturation in short-cavity semiconductor lasers," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 45, pp. 1853-1859, 1992.
23. G. P. Agrawal, "Spectral hole-burning and gain saturation in semiconductor lasers: Strong-signal theory," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 63, pp. 1232-1235, 1988.