Bulk copper electrodeposition on gold imaged by in situ STM: Morphology and influence of tip potential

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 161-170

  Andersen, J E T ^a   Bech Nielsen, G ^a   Moller P ^a   Reeve, J C ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COPPER; CURRENT VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; DISSOLUTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; GOLD; GROWTH (MATERIALS); MORPHOLOGY; NUCLEATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY;

BULK COPPER ELECTRODEPOSITION; CATHODIC OVERPOTENTIALS; COPPER GOLD ALLOY; CURRENT VOLTAGE DIAGRAM; ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS; THREE DIMENSIONAL ISLANDS; TIP POTENTIAL;

ELECTRODEPOSITION;

EID: 0030081194     PISSN: 0021891X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF00364066     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. A. A. Gewirth and K. J. Hanson, Interface, Spring (1993) 37.
2. J. Wiechers, T. Twomey, D. M. Kolb and R. J. Behm, J. Electroanal. Chem. 248 (1988) 451.
3. O. M. Magnussen, J. Hotlos, R. J. Nichols and R. J. Behm, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 (1990) 2929.
4. R. J. Nichols, D. M. Kolb and R. J. Behm, J. Electroanal. Chem. 313 (1991) 109.
5. U. Stimming, R. Vogel, D. M. Kolb and T. Will, J. Power Sources 43-44 (1993) 169.
6. D. M. Kolb, R. J. Nichols and R. J. Behm, 'Electrified Interfaces in Physics, Chemistry and Biology, (edited by R. Guidelli), NATO ASI Series C, (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, Netherlands (1992), p. 275.
7. X. G. Zhang and U. Stimming, J. Electroanal. Chem. 291 (1990) 273.
8. R. M. Rynders and R. C. Alkire, J. Electrochem. Soc. 141 (1994) 1166.
9. R. J. Nichols, D. Schröer and H. Meyer, Scanning 15 (1993) 266-73.
10. J. E. T. Andersen and Per Møller, Surf. Coat. Technol. 67 (1994) 151.
11. R. J. Nichols, W. Beckmann, H. Meyer, N. Batina and D. M. Kolb, J. Electroanal. Chem. 330 (1992) 381.
12. J. Y. Josefowicz, L. Xie and G. C. Farrington, J. Phys. Chem. 97 (1993) 11995.
13. J. E. T. Andersen, G. Bech-Nielsen and P. Møller, Surf. Coat. Technol. 70 (1994) 87.
14. C. E. Bach, R. J. Nichols, W. Beckmann, H. Meyer, A. Schulte, J. O. Besenhard and P. D. Jannakoudakis, J. Electrochem. Soc. 140 (1993) 1281.
15. K. Kowal, L. Xie, R. Huq and G. C. Farrington, J. Electrochem. Soc. ibid. 141 (1994) 116.
16. A. J. Bard and L. R. Faulkner, 'Electrochemical Methods', Wiley & Sons, New York (1980).
17. J. E. T. Andersen and P. Møller, J. Electrochem. Soc. 142 (1995) 2247.
18. G. W. Tindall and S. Bruckenstein, Analytical Chem. 40 (1968) 1402.
19. B. J. Cruickshank, A. A. Gewirth, R. M. Rynders and R. C. Alkire, J. Electrochem. Soc. 139 (1992) 2829.
20. H. A. Mizes, Sang-il Park and W. A. Harrison, Phys. Rev. B 36 (1987) 4491.
21. J. F. Womelsdorf, M. Sawamura and W. C. Ermler, Surf. Sci. Lett. 241 (1991) L11.
22. J. Tersoff and D. R. Hamann, Phys. Rev. B 31 (1985) 805.
23. V. T. Binh and J. Marien, Surf. Sci. Lett. 202 (1988) L539.
24. A. J. Bard, G. Denault, C. Lee, D. Mandler and D. O. Wipf, Acc. Chem. Res. 23 (1990) 357.
25. H. Fischer, Electrochim. Acta 2 (1960) 50.
26. M. J. Armstrong and R. H. Muller, J. Electrochem. Soc. 138 (1991) 2303.
27. J. D. Fritz and H. W. Pickering, J. Electrochem. Soc. ibid. 138 (1991) 3209.
28. T. P. Moffat, F.-R. F. Fan and A. J. Bard, J. Electrochem. Soc. ibid. 138 (1991) 3224.