The evolution of human populations: A molecular respective

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 188-201

  Ayala, Francisco J ^a   Escalante, Ananias A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALOCASIA MACRORRHIZOS; AUSTRALOPITHECUS; CERCOPITHECIDAE; CERCOPITHECOIDEA; HOMINIDAE; HOMINOIDEA; HOMO ERECTUS; HOMO HABILIS; HOMO SAPIENS; PAN (APE); PAN TROGLODYTES; PONGO PYGMAEUS;

HLA DQ ANTIGEN; HLA DQB1 ANTIGEN; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA;

AFRICA; ALLELE; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CLASSIFICATION; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EXON; FEMALE; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETICS; HAPLORHINI; HOMINID; HUMAN; MALE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; POPULATION GENETICS; PRIMATE; TIME; Y CHROMOSOME;

AFRICA; ALLELES; ANIMALS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DNA, MITOCHONDRIAL; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; EXONS; FEMALE; GENETICS, POPULATION; HAPLORHINI; HLA-DQ ANTIGENS; HOMINIDAE; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, GENETIC; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; PRIMATES; TIME FACTORS; Y CHROMOSOME;

EID: 0030077045     PISSN: 10557903     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/mpev.1996.0013     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Arden, B., and Klein, J. (1982). Biochemical comparison of major histocompatibility complex molecules from different subspecies of Mus musculus: Evidence for trans-specific evolution of alleles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 2342-2346.
2. Ayala, F. J. (1995). The myth of Eve: Molecular biology and human origins. Science 270, in press.
3. Ayala, F. J., Escalante, A., O'hUigin, C., and Klein, J. (1994). Molecular genetics of speciation and human origins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 6787-6794.
4. Bergström, T., and Gyllenstein, U. (1995). Evolution of Mhc class II polymorphism: The rise and fall of class II gene function in primates. Immunol. Rev. 143: 13-32.
5. Bjorkman, P. J., Saper, M. A., Samraoui, B., Bennett, W. S., Strominger, J. L., and Wiley, D. C. (1987a). Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2. Nature (London) 329: 506-512.
6. Bjorkman, P. J., Saper, M. A., Samraoui, B., Bennett, W. S., Strominger, J. L., and Wiley, D. C. (1987b). The foreign antigen binding site and T cell recognition regions of class I histocompatibility antigens. Nature (London) 329: 512-521.
7. Bontrop, R. E. (1994). Nonhuman primate Mhc-DQA and -DQB second exon nucleotide sequences: A compilation. Immunogenetics 39: 81-92.
8. Bontrop, R. E., Otting, N., Slierendregt, B. L., and Lanchbury, J. S. (1995). Evolution of major histocompatibility complex polymorphisms and T-cell receptor diversity in primates. Immunol. Rev. 143: 33-62.
9. Bräuer, G. (1992). Africa's place in the evolution of Homo sapiens. In "Continuity or Replacement? Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution" (G. Bräuer and F. H. Smith, Eds.), pp. 83-98, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
10. Brown, J. H., Jardetzky, T. S., Gorga, J. C., Stern, L. J., Urban, R. G., Strominger, J. L., and Wiley, D. C. (1993). Three-dimensional structure of the human class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR1. Nature (London) 346: 33-39.
11. Cann, R. L., Stoneking, M., and Wilson, A. C. (1987). Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution. Nature (London) 325: 31-36.
12. Carson, H. L. (1968). The population flush and its genetic consequences. In "Population Biology and Evolution" (R. C. Lewontin, Ed.), pp. 123-127, Syracuse Univ. Press, New York.
13. Carson, H. L. (1986). Sexual selection and speciation. In "Evolutionary Processes and Theory" (S. Karlin and E. Nevo, Eds.), pp. 391-409, Academic Press, New York.
14. Clark, G. A. (1992). Continuity or replacement? Putting modern human origins in an evolutionary context. In "The Middle Paleolithic: Adaptation, Behavior and Variability" (H. Dibble and P. Mellars, Eds.), pp. 183-205, Univ. of Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia.
15. Clark, G. A. (1994). Origine de l'homme: Le dialogue de sourds. La Recherche 263 (March): 316-321.
16. Clark, G. A., and Lindly, J. M. (1989). Modern human origins in the Levant and Western Asia: The fossil and archeological evidence. Am. Anthropol. 9: 962-985.
17. Dorit, R. L., Akashi, H., and Gilbert, W. (1995). Absence of polymorphism at the ZFY locus on the human Y chromosome. Science 268: 1183-1185.
18. Fan, W., Kasahara, M., Gutknecht, J., Klein, D., Mayer, W. E., Jonker, M., and Klein, J. (1989). Shared class II MHC polymorphism between humans and chimpanzees. Hum. Immunol. 26: 107-121.
19. Figueroa, F., Günther, E., and Klein, J. (1988). MHC polymorphism predating speciation. Nature (London) 335: 265-267.
20. Goldstein, D. B., Ruiz Linares, A., Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., and Feldman, M. W. (1995). Microsatellite loci, genetic distances, and human evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 6723-6727.
21. Gould, S. J. (1982a). The meaning of punctuated equilibrium and its role in validating a hierarchical approach to macroevolution. In "Perspectives in Evolution" (R. Milkman, Ed.), Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
22. Gould, S. J. (1982b). Darwinism and the expansion of evolutionary theory. Science 216: 380-387.
23. Griffiths, R. C. (1980). Lines of descent in the diffusion approximation of neutral Wright-Fisher models. Theor. Popul. Biol. 17: 37-50.
24. Gyllenstein, U. B., and Erlich, H. A. (1989). Ancient roots for polymorphism at the HLA-DQa locus in primates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 9986-9990.
25. Gyllenstein, U. B., Lashkari, D., and Erlich, H. A. (1990). Allelic diversification at the class II DQB locus of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 1835-1839.
26. Hedrick, P. W. (1994). Evolutionary genetics of the major histocompatibility complex. Am. Nat. 143: 945-964.
27. Hill, A. V. S., Allsopp, C. E. M., Kwiatkowski, D., Anstey, N.M., Twumasi, P., Rowe, P. A., Bennett, S., Brewster, D., McMichael, R. J., and Greenwood, B. M. (1991). Common West African HLA antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria. Nature (London) 352: 595-600.
28. Hill, A. V. S., Kwiatkowski, D., McMichael, A. J., Greenwood, B. M., and Bennett, S. (1992a). Maintenance of MHC polymorphism. Nature (London) 355: 402-403.
29. Hill, A. V. S., Elvin, J., Willis, A. C., Aidoo, M., Alsopp, E. E. M., Gotch, F. M., Gao, X. M., Takiguchi, M., Greenwood, B. M., Townsend, A. R. M., McMichael, A. J., and Whittle, H. C. (1992b). Molecular analysis of the association of HLA-B53 and resistance to severe malaria. Nature (London) 360: 434-439.
30. Horai, S., Hayasaka, K., Kondo, R., Tsugane, K., and Takahata, N. (1995). Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 532-536.
31. Hudson, R. R. (1990). Gene genealogies and the coalescent process. Oxford Surv. Evol. Biol. 7: 1-44.
32. Hughes, A. L., and Nei, M. (1988). Pattern of nucleotide substitution at major histocompatibility complex class I loci reveals overdominant selection. Nature (London) 335: 167-170.
33. Hughes, A. L., and Nei, M. (1992). Maintenance of MHC polymorphism. Nature (London) 355: 402-403.
34. Jones, S., Martin, R., and Pilbeam, D., Eds. (1992). "The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution," Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
35. Kaufman, J., Volk, H., and Wallny, H.-J. (1995). A "minimalessential Mhc" and an "unrecognized Mhc": Two extremes in selection for polymorphism. Immunol. Rev. 143: 63-88.
36. Kimura, M. (1983). "The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution," Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
37. Kingman, J. F. C. (1982a). The coalescent. Stochastic Processes Appl. 13: 235-248.
38. Kingman, J. F. C. (1982b). On the genealogy of large populations. J. Appl. Probab. 19: 27-43.
39. Klein, J., and Figueroa, F. (1986). Evolution of the major histocompatibility complex. CRC Crit. Rev. Immunol. 6: 295-386.
40. Klein, J., and O'hUigin, C. (1994). MHC polymorphism and parasites. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 346: 351-358.
41. Lawlor, D. A., Ward, F. E., Ennis, P. D., Jackson, A. P., and Parham, P. (1988). HLA-A and B polymorphisms predate the divergence of humans and chimpanzees. Nature (London) 355: 268-271.
42. Marsh, S. G. E., and Bodmer, J. G. (1991). HLA class II nucleotide sequences, 1991. Immunogenetics 33: 321-334.
43. Marsh, S. G. E., and Bodmer, J. G. (1993). HLA class II nucleotide sequences, 1992. Immunogenetics 37: 79-94.
44. Mayer, W. E., Jonker, M., Klein, D., Ivanyi, P., van Seventer, G., and Klein, J. (1988). Nucleotide sequences of chimpanzee MHC class I alleles: Evidence for trans-species mode of evolution. EMBO J. 7: 2765-2774.
45. Mayr, E. (1963). "Animal Species and Evolution," Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA.
46. McConnell, T. J., Talbot, W. S., Mclndoe, R. A., and Wakeland, E. K. (1988). The origin of MHC class II gene polymorphism within the genus Mus. Nature (London) 332: 651-654.
47. McDevitt, H. (1995). Evolution of Mhc Class II allelic diversity. Immunol. Rev. 143: 113-122.
48. Miller, L. H. (1994). Impact of malaria on genetic polymorphism and genetic diseases in Africans and African Americans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 2415-2419.
49. Nei, M. (1987). "Molecular Evolutionary Genetics," Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
50. O'hUigin, C., Bontrop, R., and Klein, J. (1993). Nonhuman primate MHC-DRB sequences: A compilation. Immunogenetics 38: 165-183.
51. Potts, W. D., and Slev, P. R. (1995). Pathogen-based models favoring MHC genetic diversity. Immunol. Rev. 143: 181-198.
52. Rogers, A. R., and Jorde, L. B. (1995). Genetic evidence on modern human origins. Hum. Biol. 67: 1-36.
53. Ruvolo, M., Zehr, S., von Dornum, M., Pan, D., Chang, B., and Lin, J. (1993). Mitochondrial COII sequences and modern human origins. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10: 1115-1135.
54. Saitou, N., and Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4: 406-425.
55. Satta, Y., Takahata, N., Schönbach, C., Gutknecht, J., and Klein, J. (1991). Calibrating evolutionary rates at major histocompatibility complex loci. In "Molecular Evolution of the Major Histocompatibility Complex" (J. Klein and D. Klein, Eds.), pp. 51-62, Springer, Heidelberg.
56. Satta, Y., O'hUigin, C., Takahata, N., and Klein, J. (1993). The synonymous substitution rate of the major histocompatibility complex loci in primates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 7480-7484.
57. Schwaiger, F.-W., and Epplen, J. T. (1995). Exonic MHC-DRB polymorphisms and intronic simple repeat sequences: Janus' faces of DNA sequence evolution. Immunol. Rev. 143: 199-224.
58. Spuhler, J. N. (1993). Population genetics and evolution in the genus Homo in the last two million years. In "Genetics of Cellular, Individual, Family, and Population Variability" (C. F. Sing and C. L. Hanis, Eds.), pp. 262-297, Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
59. Stanley, S. M. (1979). "Macroevolution: Pattern and Process," Freeman, San Francisco.
60. Stanley, S. M. (1982). Macroevolution and the fossil record. Evolution 36: 460-473.
61. Stoneking, M., Jorde, L. B., Bhatia, K., and Wilson, A. C. (1990). Geographic variation of human mitochondrial DNA from Papua New Guinea. Genetics 124: 717-733.
62. Stringer, C. B. (1990). The emergence of modern humans. Sci. Am. 263: 98-104.
63. Stringer, C. B. (1992). Reconstructing recent human evolution. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B 337: 217-224.
64. Stringer, C. B., and Andrews, P. (1988). Genetic and fossil evidence for the origin of modern humans. Science 239: 1263-1268.
65. Swisher, C. C., III, Curtin, G. H., Jacob, T., Getty, A. G., Suprijo, A., and Widiasmoro (1994). Age of the earliest known hominids in Java, Indonesia. Science 263: 1118-1121.
66. Tajima, F. (1983). Evolutionary relationship of DNA sequences in finite populations. Genetics 105: 437-460.
67. Takahata, N. (1990). A simple genealogical structure of strongly balanced allelic lines and trans-species evolution of polymorphism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 2419-2423.
68. Takahata, N., Satta, Y., and Klein, J. (1992). Polymorphism and balancing selection at major histocompatibility complex loci. Genetics 130: 925-938.
69. Takahata, N. (1993). Allelic genealogy and human evolution. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10: 2-22.
70. Takahata, N., and Nei, M. (1985). Gene genealogy and variance of interpopulational nucleotide differences. Genetics 110: 325-344.
71. Takahata, N., and Nei, M. (1990). Allelic genealogy under overdominant and frequency-dependent selection and polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex loci. Genetics 124: 967-978.
72. Tavaré, S. (1984). Line-of-descent and genealogical processes, and their applications in population genetics models. Theor. Popul. Biol. 26: 119-164.
73. Templeton, A. R. (1992). Human origins and analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Science 255: 737.
74. White, T. D., Suwa, G., and Asfaw, B. (1994). Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia. Nature (London) 371: 306-312.
75. White, T. D., Suwa, G., and Asfaw, B. (1994). Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia. Nature (London) 375: 88.
76. Vigilant, L., Stoneking, M., Harpending, H., Hawkes, K., and Wilson, A. C. (1991). African populations and the evolution of human mitochondrial DNA. Science 253: 1503-1507.
77. Waddle, D. M. (1994). Matrix correlation tests support a single origin for modern humans. Nature (London) 368: 452-454.
78. WoldeGabriel, G., White, T. D., Suwa, G., Renne, P., de Heinzelln, J., Hart, W. K., and Heiken, G. (1994). Ecological and temporal placement of early Pliocene hominids at Aramis, Ethiopia. Nature (London) 371: 330-333.
79. Wolpoff, M. H., Spuhler, J. N., Smith, F. H., Radovčič, J., Pope, G., Frayer, D. W., Eckhardt, R., and Clark, G. (1988). Modern human origins. Science 241: 772-773.
80. World Health Organization (1992). Bull. W.H.O. 70: 801-806.