메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 45-78

Systemic antibiotic therapy in periodontics

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 0030072465     PISSN: 09066713     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1996.tb00068.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (285)

References (246)
  • 1
    • 0026147518 scopus 로고
    • Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and tetracycline in periodontal therapy
    • Abu-Fanas SH, Drucker DB, Hull PS. Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and tetracycline in periodontal therapy. J Dent Res 1991: 19: 97-99.
    • (1991) J Dent Res , vol.19 , pp. 97-99
    • Abu-Fanas, S.H.1    Drucker, D.B.2    Hull, P.S.3
  • 2
    • 0026109941 scopus 로고
    • Identification and susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents of 61 gram-negative anaerobic rods for periodontal pockets
    • Abu-Fanas SH, Drucker DB, Hull PS, Reeder JC, Ganguli LA. Identification and susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents of 61 gram-negative anaerobic rods for periodontal pockets. J Periodont Res 1991: 19: 46-50.
    • (1991) J Periodont Res , vol.19 , pp. 46-50
    • Abu-Fanas, S.H.1    Drucker, D.B.2    Hull, P.S.3    Reeder, J.C.4    Ganguli, L.A.5
  • 3
    • 0026532083 scopus 로고
    • Serial doxycycline and metronidazole in prevention of recurrent periodontitis in high risk patients
    • Aitken S, Birek P, Kulkarni GV, Lee W, McCulloch CAG. Serial doxycycline and metronidazole in prevention of recurrent periodontitis in high risk patients. J Periodontol 1992: 63: 87-92.
    • (1992) J Periodontol , vol.63 , pp. 87-92
    • Aitken, S.1    Birek, P.2    Kulkarni, G.V.3    Lee, W.4    McCulloch, C.A.G.5
  • 4
    • 0026129907 scopus 로고
    • Intrafamilial transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
    • Alaluusua S, Asikainen S, Lai CH. Intrafamilial transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontol 1991: 62: 207-210.
    • (1991) J Periodontol , vol.62 , pp. 207-210
    • Alaluusua, S.1    Asikainen, S.2    Lai, C.H.3
  • 6
    • 0026878267 scopus 로고
    • Early effects of periodontal therapy on the detection frequency of four putative periodontal pathogens in adults
    • Ali RW, Lie T, Skaug N. Early effects of periodontal therapy on the detection frequency of four putative periodontal pathogens in adults. J Periodontol 1992: 63: 540-547.
    • (1992) J Periodontol , vol.63 , pp. 540-547
    • Ali, R.W.1    Lie, T.2    Skaug, N.3
  • 7
    • 0025147735 scopus 로고
    • Testing the susceptibility of bacteria in biofilms to antibacterial agents
    • Anwar H, Dasgupta MK, Costerton JW. Testing the susceptibility of bacteria in biofilms to antibacterial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990: 34: 2043-2046.
    • (1990) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.34 , pp. 2043-2046
    • Anwar, H.1    Dasgupta, M.K.2    Costerton, J.W.3
  • 8
    • 0026638418 scopus 로고
    • Establishment of aging biofilms: Possible mechanism of bacterial resistance to antibiotic therapy
    • Anwar H, Strap JL, Costerton JW. Establishment of aging biofilms: possible mechanism of bacterial resistance to antibiotic therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992: 36: 1347-1351.
    • (1992) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.36 , pp. 1347-1351
    • Anwar, H.1    Strap, J.L.2    Costerton, J.W.3
  • 9
    • 0030205852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymerase chain reaction detection of 8 putative periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque of gingivitis and advanced periodontitis lesions
    • in press
    • Ashimoto A, Chen C, Bakker I, Slots J. Polymerase chain reaction detection of 8 putative periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque of gingivitis and advanced periodontitis lesions. Oral Microbiol Immunol (in press).
    • Oral Microbiol Immunol
    • Ashimoto, A.1    Chen, C.2    Bakker, I.3    Slots, J.4
  • 10
    • 0345935697 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of nitroimidazoles on moderate or deep periodontal pockets
    • abstr 1839
    • Asikainen S. The efficacy of nitroimidazoles on moderate or deep periodontal pockets. J Dent Res 1989: 68: 411, abstr 1839.
    • (1989) J Dent Res , vol.68 , pp. 411
    • Asikainen, S.1
  • 11
    • 0025581370 scopus 로고
    • The immediate efficacy of adjunctive doxycycline in treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis
    • Asikainen S, Jousimies-Somer H, Kanervo A, Saxén L. The immediate efficacy of adjunctive doxycycline in treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 1990: 35: 231S-234S.
    • (1990) Arch Oral Biol , vol.35
    • Asikainen, S.1    Jousimies-Somer, H.2    Kanervo, A.3    Saxén, L.4
  • 13
    • 0021067569 scopus 로고
    • Tetracycline and its derivates strongly bind to and are released from the tooth surface in active form
    • Baker PJ, Evans RT, Coburn RA, Genco RJ. Tetracycline and its derivates strongly bind to and are released from the tooth surface in active form. J Periodontol 1983: 54: 580-585.
    • (1983) J Periodontol , vol.54 , pp. 580-585
    • Baker, P.J.1    Evans, R.T.2    Coburn, R.A.3    Genco, R.J.4
  • 14
    • 0020555202 scopus 로고
    • Minimal inhibitory concentrations of various antimicrobial agents for human oral anaerobic bacteria
    • Baker PJ, Slots J, Genco RJ, Evans RT. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of various antimicrobial agents for human oral anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1983: 24: 420-424.
    • (1983) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.24 , pp. 420-424
    • Baker, P.J.1    Slots, J.2    Genco, R.J.3    Evans, R.T.4
  • 15
    • 0028431622 scopus 로고
    • Tobacco use as a risk factor
    • Bergström J, Preber H. Tobacco use as a risk factor. J Periodontol 1994: 65: 545-550.
    • (1994) J Periodontol , vol.65 , pp. 545-550
    • Bergström, J.1    Preber, H.2
  • 16
    • 84985790822 scopus 로고
    • Tetracycline impregnated enamel and dentin: Duration of antimicrobial capacity
    • Björnvatn K, Skaug N, Selvig KA. Tetracycline impregnated enamel and dentin: duration of antimicrobial capacity. Scand J Dent Res 1985: 93: 192-197.
    • (1985) Scand J Dent Res , vol.93 , pp. 192-197
    • Björnvatn, K.1    Skaug, N.2    Selvig, K.A.3
  • 18
    • 0023292707 scopus 로고
    • The capability of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius to indicate progressive periodontitis; a retrospective study
    • Bragd L, Dahlén G, Wikström M, Slots J. The capability of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius to indicate progressive periodontitis; a retrospective study. J Clin Periodontol 1987: 14: 95-99.
    • (1987) J Clin Periodontol , vol.14 , pp. 95-99
    • Bragd, L.1    Dahlén, G.2    Wikström, M.3    Slots, J.4
  • 19
    • 0004950791 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and microbiological study of "refractory" adult periodontitis
    • abstr 538
    • Bragd L, Wikström M, Slots J. Clinical and microbiological study of "refractory" adult periodontitis. J Dent Res 1985: 64: 234, abstr 538.
    • (1985) J Dent Res , vol.64 , pp. 234
    • Bragd, L.1    Wikström, M.2    Slots, J.3
  • 20
    • 3142604416 scopus 로고
    • Effect of systemic tetracycline therapy on specific bacterial antigens and bone height
    • abstr 114
    • Chaves E, Ryerson C, Snyder B, Jeffcoat M. Effect of systemic tetracycline therapy on specific bacterial antigens and bone height. J Dent Res 1995: 26: abstr 114.
    • (1995) J Dent Res , vol.26
    • Chaves, E.1    Ryerson, C.2    Snyder, B.3    Jeffcoat, M.4
  • 21
    • 0027352828 scopus 로고
    • The current status and future prospects of altering the pathogenic microflora of periodontal disease
    • Chen C, Slots J. The current status and future prospects of altering the pathogenic microflora of periodontal disease. Curr Opin Periodontol 1993: 71-77.
    • (1993) Curr Opin Periodontol , pp. 71-77
    • Chen, C.1    Slots, J.2
  • 22
    • 0026908352 scopus 로고
    • Tooth discoloration resulting from long-term tetracycline therapy: A case report
    • Chiappinelli JA, Walton RE. Tooth discoloration resulting from long-term tetracycline therapy: a case report. Quintessence Int 1992: 23: 539-541.
    • (1992) Quintessence Int , vol.23 , pp. 539-541
    • Chiappinelli, J.A.1    Walton, R.E.2
  • 24
    • 0023263313 scopus 로고
    • The role of adjunctive Rodogyl therapy in the treatment of advanced periodontal disease. A longitudinal clinical and microbiologic study
    • Chin Quee T, Chan ECS, Clark C, Lautar-Lemay C, Bergeron MJ, Bourgoin J, Stamm J. The role of adjunctive Rodogyl therapy in the treatment of advanced periodontal disease. A longitudinal clinical and microbiologic study. J Periodontol 1987: 58: 594-601.
    • (1987) J Periodontol , vol.58 , pp. 594-601
    • Chin Quee, T.1    Chan, E.C.S.2    Clark, C.3    Lautar-Lemay, C.4    Bergeron, M.J.5    Bourgoin, J.6    Stamm, J.7
  • 25
    • 0021843217 scopus 로고
    • Microbiological and clinical effects of surgical treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis
    • Christersson LA, Slots J, Rosling B, Genco, RJ. Microbiological and clinical effects of surgical treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1985: 12: 465-176.
    • (1985) J Clin Periodontol , vol.12 , pp. 465-1176
    • Christersson, L.A.1    Slots, J.2    Rosling, B.3    Genco, R.J.4
  • 26
    • 1342334529 scopus 로고
    • Systemic antibiotic combination therapy in recalcitrant and recurrent localized juvenile periodontitis
    • abstr 128
    • Christersson LA, van Winkelhoff AJ, Zambon JJ, de Graaff J, Genco RJ. Systemic antibiotic combination therapy in recalcitrant and recurrent localized juvenile periodontitis. J Dent Res 1989: 68: 197, abstr 128.
    • (1989) J Dent Res , vol.68 , pp. 197
    • Christersson, L.A.1    Van Winkelhoff, A.J.2    Zambon, J.J.3    De Graaff, J.4    Genco, R.J.5
  • 28
    • 0027293281 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of subgingival Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in localized juvenile periodontitis by systemic tetracycline
    • Christersson LA, Zambon JJ. Suppression of subgingival Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in localized juvenile periodontitis by systemic tetracycline. J Clin Periodontol 1993: 20: 395-401.
    • (1993) J Clin Periodontol , vol.20 , pp. 395-401
    • Christersson, L.A.1    Zambon, J.J.2
  • 30
    • 0019187476 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of minocycline in patients with periodontal disease
    • Ciancio SG, Mather ML, McMullen JA. An evaluation of minocycline in patients with periodontal disease. J Periodontol 1980: 51: 530-534.
    • (1980) J Periodontol , vol.51 , pp. 530-534
    • Ciancio, S.G.1    Mather, M.L.2    McMullen, J.A.3
  • 31
    • 0020378683 scopus 로고
    • The effect of short term administration of minocycline HCl on gingival inflammation and subgingival microflora
    • Ciancio SG, Slots J, Reynolds HS, Zambon JJ, McKenna JD. The effect of short term administration of minocycline HCl on gingival inflammation and subgingival microflora. J Periodontol 1982: 53: 557-561.
    • (1982) J Periodontol , vol.53 , pp. 557-561
    • Ciancio, S.G.1    Slots, J.2    Reynolds, H.S.3    Zambon, J.J.4    McKenna, J.D.5
  • 32
    • 0020972767 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of routine periodontal treatment with and without adjunctive metronidazole therapy in mentally retarded adolescents
    • Clark DC, Shenker S, Stulginsky P, Schwartz S. Effectiveness of routine periodontal treatment with and without adjunctive metronidazole therapy in mentally retarded adolescents. J Periodontol 1983: 54: 658-665.
    • (1983) J Periodontol , vol.54 , pp. 658-665
    • Clark, D.C.1    Shenker, S.2    Stulginsky, P.3    Schwartz, S.4
  • 33
    • 0027434801 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a combination therapy to eliminate Porphyromonas gingivalis in refractory periodontitis
    • Collins JG, Offenbacher S, Arnold RR. Effects of a combination therapy to eliminate Porphyromonas gingivalis in refractory periodontitis. J Periodontol 1993: 64: 998-1007.
    • (1993) J Periodontol , vol.64 , pp. 998-1007
    • Collins, J.G.1    Offenbacher, S.2    Arnold, R.R.3
  • 34
    • 0026020890 scopus 로고
    • First-exposure adaptive resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in vivo with meaning for optimal clinical use
    • Daikos GL, Lolans VT, Jackson GG. First-exposure adaptive resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in vivo with meaning for optimal clinical use. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991: 35: 117-123.
    • (1991) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.35 , pp. 117-123
    • Daikos, G.L.1    Lolans, V.T.2    Jackson, G.G.3
  • 35
    • 0024391943 scopus 로고
    • The role of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal disease
    • de Graaff J, van Winkelhoff AJ, Goené RJ. The role of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal disease. Infection 1989: 17: 269-271.
    • (1989) Infection , vol.17 , pp. 269-271
    • Graaff, J.1    Van Winkelhoff, A.J.2    Goené, R.J.3
  • 36
    • 3142606410 scopus 로고
    • Probe-specific DNA fingerprinting applied to the epidemiology of periodontal bacteria and disease activity of periodontitis
    • Hamada S, Holt SC, McGhee, ed. Tokyo: Quintessence Publ Co.
    • DiRienzo JM. Probe-specific DNA fingerprinting applied to the epidemiology of periodontal bacteria and disease activity of periodontitis. In: Hamada S, Holt SC, McGhee, ed. Periodontal disease: pathogens and host immune responses. Tokyo: Quintessence Publ Co., 1991: 379-392.
    • (1991) Periodontal Disease: Pathogens and Host Immune Responses , pp. 379-392
    • DiRienzo, J.M.1
  • 37
    • 0027978167 scopus 로고
    • Specific genetic variants of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans correlate with disease and health in a regional population of families with localized juvenile periodontitis
    • DiRienzo JM, Slots J, Sixou M, Sol MA, Harmon R, McKay TL. Specific genetic variants of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans correlate with disease and health in a regional population of families with localized juvenile periodontitis. Infect Immun 1994: 62: 3058-3065.
    • (1994) Infect Immun , vol.62 , pp. 3058-3065
    • DiRienzo, J.M.1    Slots, J.2    Sixou, M.3    Sol, M.A.4    Harmon, R.5    McKay, T.L.6
  • 38
    • 0027356721 scopus 로고
    • Periodontal diseases in young individuals
    • Dougherty MA, Slots J. Periodontal diseases in young individuals. J Calif Dent Assoc 1993: 21 (January): 55-69.
    • (1993) J Calif Dent Assoc , vol.21 , Issue.JANUARY , pp. 55-69
    • Dougherty, M.A.1    Slots, J.2
  • 39
    • 0026039390 scopus 로고
    • The effects of metronidazole administration on clinical and microbiological parameters
    • Eisenberg L, Suchow R, Coles RS. The effects of metronidazole administration on clinical and microbiological parameters. Clin Prev Dent 1991: 12: 28-34.
    • (1991) Clin Prev Dent , vol.12 , pp. 28-34
    • Eisenberg, L.1    Suchow, R.2    Coles, R.S.3
  • 40
    • 3142572261 scopus 로고
    • Recurrent periodontitis: Effect of doxycycline on the subgingival microflora
    • abstr 400
    • Fiehn N-E, Westergaard J. Recurrent periodontitis: effect of doxycycline on the subgingival microflora. J Dent Res 1989: 68: 916, abstr 400.
    • (1989) J Dent Res , vol.68 , pp. 916
    • Fiehn, N.-E.1    Westergaard, J.2
  • 41
    • 0027674612 scopus 로고
    • Beta-hemolytic streptococci in advanced periodontitis
    • Flynn MJ, Slots J. Beta-hemolytic streptococci in advanced periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1993: 8: 295-297.
    • (1993) Oral Microbiol Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 295-297
    • Flynn, M.J.1    Slots, J.2
  • 42
    • 0026599554 scopus 로고
    • Gingival fluid concentrations and side effects of minocycline: A comparison of two dose regimes
    • Freeman E, Ellen RP, Thompson G. Gingival fluid concentrations and side effects of minocycline: a comparison of two dose regimes. J Periodontol 1992: 63: 13-18.
    • (1992) J Periodontol , vol.63 , pp. 13-18
    • Freeman, E.1    Ellen, R.P.2    Thompson, G.3
  • 43
    • 0019434656 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis
    • abstr 872
    • Genco RJ, Cianciola LJ, Rosling B. Treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis. J Dent Res 1981: 60, 527, abstr 872.
    • (1981) J Dent Res , vol.60 , pp. 527
    • Genco, R.J.1    Cianciola, L.J.2    Rosling, B.3
  • 44
    • 0018474616 scopus 로고
    • Summary of a workshop on leukocyte function in bacterial disease with an emphasis on periodontal disease
    • Genco RJ, Mergenhagen SE. Summary of a workshop on leukocyte function in bacterial disease with an emphasis on periodontal disease. J Infect Dis 1979: 139: 604-612.
    • (1979) J Infect Dis , vol.139 , pp. 604-612
    • Genco, R.J.1    Mergenhagen, S.E.2
  • 45
    • 0022803869 scopus 로고
    • Use and interpretation of microbiological assays in periodontal diseases
    • Genco RJ, Zambon JJ, Christersson LA. Use and interpretation of microbiological assays in periodontal diseases. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1986: 1: 73-79.
    • (1986) Oral Microbiol Immunol , vol.1 , pp. 73-79
    • Genco, R.J.1    Zambon, J.J.2    Christersson, L.A.3
  • 46
    • 0022388138 scopus 로고
    • Effects of short-term administration of metronidazole on the subgingival microflora
    • Giedrys-Leeper E, Selipsky H, Williams BL. Effects of short-term administration of metronidazole on the subgingival microflora. J Clin Periodontol 1985: 12: 797-814.
    • (1985) J Clin Periodontol , vol.12 , pp. 797-814
    • Giedrys-Leeper, E.1    Selipsky, H.2    Williams, B.L.3
  • 47
    • 0019556704 scopus 로고
    • Clindamycin-associated pseudomembranous colitis: A potentially fatal adverse drug reaction
    • Gill CJ, Pallasch TJ. Clindamycin-associated pseudomembranous colitis: a potentially fatal adverse drug reaction. J Am Dent Assoc 1981: 102: 507-509.
    • (1981) J Am Dent Assoc , vol.102 , pp. 507-509
    • Gill, C.J.1    Pallasch, T.J.2
  • 50
    • 0028457303 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial strategies for treatment of periodontal diseases
    • Goodson JM. Antimicrobial strategies for treatment of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 1994: 5: 142-168.
    • (1994) Periodontol , vol.5 , pp. 142-168
    • Goodson, J.M.1
  • 51
    • 0027292514 scopus 로고
    • Current status of systemic antibiotic usage in destructive periodontal disease
    • Gordon JM, Walker CB. Current status of systemic antibiotic usage in destructive periodontal disease. J Periodontol 1993: 64: 760-771.
    • (1993) J Periodontol , vol.64 , pp. 760-771
    • Gordon, J.M.1    Walker, C.B.2
  • 52
    • 0025186474 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of clindamycin hydrochloride in refractory periodontitis: 24-month results
    • Gordon JM, Walker CB, Hovliaris C, Socransky SS. Efficacy of clindamycin hydrochloride in refractory periodontitis: 24-month results. J Periodontol 1990: 61: 686-691.
    • (1990) J Periodontol , vol.61 , pp. 686-691
    • Gordon, J.M.1    Walker, C.B.2    Hovliaris, C.3    Socransky, S.S.4
  • 54
  • 55
    • 3142530018 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of juvenile periodontitis with subgingival tetracycline fibers or flap surgery
    • abstr 234
    • Greenwald G, Moffett L, Offenbacher S, Van Dyke TE. Treatment of juvenile periodontitis with subgingival tetracycline fibers or flap surgery. J Dent Res 1985: 64: 200, abstr 234.
    • (1985) J Dent Res , vol.64 , pp. 200
    • Greenwald, G.1    Moffett, L.2    Offenbacher, S.3    Van Dyke, T.E.4
  • 56
    • 0040824515 scopus 로고
    • Microbiological risk indicators for periodontal disease
    • abstr 818
    • Grossi SG, Zambon JJ, Norderyd OM, Genco RJ. Microbiological risk indicators for periodontal disease. J Dent Res 1993: 72: 206, abstr 818.
    • (1993) J Dent Res , vol.72 , pp. 206
    • Grossi, S.G.1    Zambon, J.J.2    Norderyd, O.M.3    Genco, R.J.4
  • 57
    • 0023917484 scopus 로고
    • Combined antibiotic (metronidazole) and mechanical treatment effects on the subgingival bacterial flora of sites with recurrent periodontal disease
    • Gusberti FA, Syed SA, Lang NP. Combined antibiotic (metronidazole) and mechanical treatment effects on the subgingival bacterial flora of sites with recurrent periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1988: 15, 353-359.
    • (1988) J Clin Periodontol , vol.15 , pp. 353-359
    • Gusberti, F.A.1    Syed, S.A.2    Lang, N.P.3
  • 59
    • 0029349715 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and microbiological changes associated with the use of 4 adjunctive systemically administered agents in the treatment of periodontal infections
    • Haffajee AD, Dibart S, Kent RL Jr, Socransky SS. Clinical and microbiological changes associated with the use of 4 adjunctive systemically administered agents in the treatment of periodontal infections. J Clin Periodontol 1995: 22: 618-627.
    • (1995) J Clin Periodontol , vol.22 , pp. 618-627
    • Haffajee, A.D.1    Dibart, S.2    Kent Jr., R.L.3    Socransky, S.S.4
  • 60
    • 0023950588 scopus 로고
    • Effect of modified Widman flap surgery and systemic tetracycline on the subgingival microbiota of periodontal lesions
    • Haffajee AD, Dzink JL, Socransky SS. Effect of modified Widman flap surgery and systemic tetracycline on the subgingival microbiota of periodontal lesions. J Clin Periodontol 1988: 15: 255-262.
    • (1988) J Clin Periodontol , vol.15 , pp. 255-262
    • Haffajee, A.D.1    Dzink, J.L.2    Socransky, S.S.3
  • 61
    • 0028457308 scopus 로고
    • Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal disease
    • Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 1994: 5: 78-111.
    • (1994) Periodontol 2000 , vol.5 , pp. 78-111
    • Haffajee, A.D.1    Socransky, S.S.2
  • 62
    • 0020758027 scopus 로고
    • Clinical parameters as predictors of destructive periodontal activity
    • Haffajee AD, Socransky SS, Goodson JM. Clinical parameters as predictors of destructive periodontal activity. J Clin Periodontol 1983:10: 257-265.
    • (1983) J Clin Periodontol , vol.10 , pp. 257-265
    • Haffajee, A.D.1    Socransky, S.S.2    Goodson, J.M.3
  • 63
    • 0026899647 scopus 로고
    • Subgingival temperature. II. Relation to future periodontal attachment loss
    • Haffajee AD, Socransky SS, Goodson JM. Subgingival temperature. II. Relation to future periodontal attachment loss. J Clin Periodontol 1992: 19: 409-416.
    • (1992) J Clin Periodontol , vol.19 , pp. 409-416
    • Haffajee, A.D.1    Socransky, S.S.2    Goodson, J.M.3
  • 64
    • 0027992803 scopus 로고
    • Effect of treatment on some periodontopathogens and their antibody levels in periodontal abscesses
    • Hafström CA, Wikström MB, Renvert SN, Dahlén G. Effect of treatment on some periodontopathogens and their antibody levels in periodontal abscesses. J Periodontol 1994: 65: 1022-1028.
    • (1994) J Periodontol , vol.65 , pp. 1022-1028
    • Hafström, C.A.1    Wikström, M.B.2    Renvert, S.N.3    Dahlén, G.4
  • 65
    • 0018322329 scopus 로고
    • The effect of tetracycline and/or scaling on human periodontal disease
    • Helldén LB, Listgarten MA, Lindhe J. The effect of tetracycline and/or scaling on human periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1979: 6: 222-230.
    • (1979) J Clin Periodontol , vol.6 , pp. 222-230
    • Helldén, L.B.1    Listgarten, M.A.2    Lindhe, J.3
  • 66
    • 3142636303 scopus 로고
    • Thesis. Turku: University of Turku, Finland
    • Helovuo LB. Periodontal superinfections. Thesis. Turku: University of Turku, Finland, 1986: 1-85.
    • (1986) Periodontal Superinfections , pp. 1-85
    • Helovuo, L.B.1
  • 67
    • 0027587703 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the prevalence of subgingival enterics rods, staphylococci and yeasts after treatment with penicillin and erythromycin
    • Heluovo LB, Hakkarainen K, Paunio K. Changes in the prevalence of subgingival enterics rods, staphylococci and yeasts after treatment with penicillin and erythromycin. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1993: 8: 75-79.
    • (1993) Oral Microbiol Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 75-79
    • Heluovo, L.B.1    Hakkarainen, K.2    Paunio, K.3
  • 68
    • 0024330191 scopus 로고
    • Effects of penicillin and erythromycin on the clinical parameters of the periodontium
    • Helovuo H, Paunio K. Effects of penicillin and erythromycin on the clinical parameters of the periodontium. J Periodontol 1989: 60: 467-472.
    • (1989) J Periodontol , vol.60 , pp. 467-472
    • Helovuo, H.1    Paunio, K.2
  • 69
    • 0018854729 scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of Bacterium actinomycetemcomitans to 45 antibiotics
    • Hoffler U, Niederau W, Pulverer G. Susceptibility of Bacterium actinomycetemcomitans to 45 antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1980: 17: 943-946.
    • (1980) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.17 , pp. 943-946
    • Hoffler, U.1    Niederau, W.2    Pulverer, G.3
  • 70
    • 0347827141 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of two antibacterial agents in the management of rapidly progressive periodontitis
    • abstr 46
    • Hull PS, Abu-Fanas SH, Drucker DB. Evaluation of two antibacterial agents in the management of rapidly progressive periodontitis. J Dent Res 1989: 68: 564, abstr 46.
    • (1989) J Dent Res , vol.68 , pp. 564
    • Hull, P.S.1    Abu-Fanas, S.H.2    Drucker, D.B.3
  • 71
    • 0025357802 scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of Bacteroides non-fragilis and fusobacteria to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ticarcillin, ticarcillin/clavunalate, cefoxitin, imipenem and metronidazole
    • Jakobs MR, Spangler SK, Appelbaum PC. Susceptibility of Bacteroides non-fragilis and fusobacteria to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ticarcillin, ticarcillin/clavunalate, cefoxitin, imipenem and metronidazole. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1990: 9: 417-421.
    • (1990) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.9 , pp. 417-421
    • Jakobs, M.R.1    Spangler, S.K.2    Appelbaum, P.C.3
  • 73
    • 0025142143 scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibility of oral pigmented Bacteroides species to spectomycin and other selected antimicrobial agents
    • Johnson CC, Wendeler M, Levison MD. In vitro susceptibility of oral pigmented Bacteroides species to spectomycin and other selected antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990: 34: 1597-1599.
    • (1990) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.34 , pp. 1597-1599
    • Johnson, C.C.1    Wendeler, M.2    Levison, M.D.3
  • 74
    • 0028470305 scopus 로고
    • Bleeding upon probing. A parameter for monitoring periodontal conditions in clinical practice
    • Joss A, Adler R, Lang NP. Bleeding upon probing. A parameter for monitoring periodontal conditions in clinical practice. J Clin Periodontol 1994:21: 409-414.
    • (1994) J Clin Periodontol , vol.21 , pp. 409-414
    • Joss, A.1    Adler, R.2    Lang, N.P.3
  • 76
    • 0022879272 scopus 로고
    • A follow-up study 3 years after metronidazole therapy for chronic periodontal disease
    • Joyston-Bechal S, Smales FC, Duckworth R. A follow-up study 3 years after metronidazole therapy for chronic periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1986: 13: 944-949.
    • (1986) J Clin Periodontol , vol.13 , pp. 944-949
    • Joyston-Bechal, S.1    Smales, F.C.2    Duckworth, R.3
  • 77
    • 0021363486 scopus 로고
    • Effect of metronidazole on chronic periodontal disease in subjects using topically applied chlorhexidine gel
    • Joyston-Bechal S, Smales FC, Duckworth R. Effect of metronidazole on chronic periodontal disease in subjects using topically applied chlorhexidine gel. J Clin Periodontol 1984: 11: 53-62.
    • (1984) J Clin Periodontol , vol.11 , pp. 53-62
    • Joyston-Bechal, S.1    Smales, F.C.2    Duckworth, R.3
  • 78
    • 0028186845 scopus 로고
    • Combination of tetracycline and metronidazole in the treatment and control of refractory periodontitis
    • Khatiblou FA. Combination of tetracycline and metronidazole in the treatment and control of refractory periodontitis. Periodont Abstr 1994: 42: 5-8.
    • (1994) Periodont Abstr , vol.42 , pp. 5-8
    • Khatiblou, F.A.1
  • 79
    • 0022653929 scopus 로고
    • Penicillin resistance in the subgingival microbiota associated with adult periodontitis
    • Kinder SA, Holt SC, Kornman KS. Penicillin resistance in the subgingival microbiota associated with adult periodontitis. J Clin Microbiol 1986: 23: 1127-1133.
    • (1986) J Clin Microbiol , vol.23 , pp. 1127-1133
    • Kinder, S.A.1    Holt, S.C.2    Kornman, K.S.3
  • 80
    • 0020039131 scopus 로고
    • Effects of estradiol and progesterone on Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides gingivalis
    • Kornman KS, Loesche WJ. Effects of estradiol and progesterone on Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides gingivalis. Infect Immun 1982: 35: 256-263.
    • (1982) Infect Immun , vol.35 , pp. 256-263
    • Kornman, K.S.1    Loesche, W.J.2
  • 81
    • 1342313144 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of refractory periodontitis with metronidazole plus amoxicillin or Augmentin
    • abstr 403
    • Kornman KS, Newman MG, Flemmig T, Alvarado R, Nachnani S. Treatment of refractory periodontitis with metronidazole plus amoxicillin or Augmentin. J Dent Res 1989: 68: 917, abstr 403.
    • (1989) J Dent Res , vol.68 , pp. 917
    • Kornman, K.S.1    Newman, M.G.2    Flemmig, T.3    Alvarado, R.4    Nachnani, S.5
  • 82
    • 0028076814 scopus 로고
    • The influence of supragingival plaque control on clinical and microbial outcomes following the use of antibiotics for the treatment of periodontitis
    • Kornman KS, Newman MG, Moore DJ, Singer RE. The influence of supragingival plaque control on clinical and microbial outcomes following the use of antibiotics for the treatment of periodontitis. J Periodontol 1994: 65: 848-854.
    • (1994) J Periodontol , vol.65 , pp. 848-854
    • Kornman, K.S.1    Newman, M.G.2    Moore, D.J.3    Singer, R.E.4
  • 83
    • 0021830103 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and microbiological evaluation of therapy for juvenile periodontitis
    • Kornman KS, Robertson PB. Clinical and microbiological evaluation of therapy for juvenile periodontitis. J Periodontol 1985: 56: 443-446.
    • (1985) J Periodontol , vol.56 , pp. 443-446
    • Kornman, K.S.1    Robertson, P.B.2
  • 84
    • 3142540368 scopus 로고
    • The unity of spirochetoses in the mouth
    • Kritchevsky B, Séguin P. The unity of spirochetoses in the mouth. Dent Cosmos 1924: 66: 511-520.
    • (1924) Dent Cosmos , vol.66 , pp. 511-520
    • Kritchevsky, B.1    Séguin, P.2
  • 85
    • 0026099977 scopus 로고
    • A randomised placebo-controlled trial of doxycycline: Effects on the microflora of recurrent periodontitis lesions in high risk patients
    • Kulkarni GV Lee WK, Aitken S, Birek P, McCulloch CAG. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of doxycycline: effects on the microflora of recurrent periodontitis lesions in high risk patients. J Periodontol 1991: 62: 197-202.
    • (1991) J Periodontol , vol.62 , pp. 197-202
    • Kulkarni, G.V.1    Lee, W.K.2    Aitken, S.3    Birek, P.4    McCulloch, C.A.G.5
  • 86
    • 0021825244 scopus 로고
    • A clinical trial of phenoxymethyl penicillin for adjunctive treatment of juvenile periodontitis
    • Kunihira DM, Caine FA, Palcanis KG, Best AM, Ranney RR. A clinical trial of phenoxymethyl penicillin for adjunctive treatment of juvenile periodontitis. J Periodontol 1985: 56: 352-358.
    • (1985) J Periodontol , vol.56 , pp. 352-358
    • Kunihira, D.M.1    Caine, F.A.2    Palcanis, K.G.3    Best, A.M.4    Ranney, R.R.5
  • 87
    • 0024674585 scopus 로고
    • The effect of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents on three bacterial mixtures
    • Lacroix JM, Mayrand D. The effect of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents on three bacterial mixtures. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1989: 4: 82-88.
    • (1989) Oral Microbiol Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 82-88
    • Lacroix, J.M.1    Mayrand, D.2
  • 88
    • 0025089133 scopus 로고
    • Absence of bleeding on probing - An indicator of periodontal stability
    • Lang NP, Adler R, Joss A, Nyman S. Absence of bleeding on probing - an indicator of periodontal stability. J Clin Periodontol 1990: 17: 714-721.
    • (1990) J Clin Periodontol , vol.17 , pp. 714-721
    • Lang, N.P.1    Adler, R.2    Joss, A.3    Nyman, S.4
  • 89
    • 0020563170 scopus 로고
    • The effect of metronidazole on human periodontal disease. A clinical and bacteriological study
    • Lekovic V, Kenney EB, Carranza FA Jr, Endres B. The effect of metronidazole on human periodontal disease. A clinical and bacteriological study. J Periodontol 1983: 54: 476-480.
    • (1983) J Periodontol , vol.54 , pp. 476-480
    • Lekovic, V.1    Kenney, E.B.2    Carranza Jr., F.A.3    Endres, B.4
  • 90
    • 0028477492 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and periodontal destruction in young adults
    • Linden GJ, Mullally BH. Cigarette smoking and periodontal destruction in young adults. J Periodontol 1994: 65: 718-723.
    • (1994) J Periodontol , vol.65 , pp. 718-723
    • Linden, G.J.1    Mullally, B.H.2
  • 91
    • 1342313142 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis
    • Genco RJ, Mergenhagen SE, ed. Washington, DC: Am Soc Microbiol
    • Lindhe J. Treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis. In: Genco RJ, Mergenhagen SE, ed. Host-parasite interactions in periodontal diseases. Washington, DC: Am Soc Microbiol, 1981: 382-394.
    • (1981) Host-parasite Interactions in Periodontal Diseases , pp. 382-394
    • Lindhe, J.1
  • 92
    • 0021013914 scopus 로고
    • Effect of long term tetracycline therapy on human periodontal disease
    • Lindhe J, Liljenberg B, Adielson B. Effect of long term tetracycline therapy on human periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1983: 10: 590-601.
    • (1983) J Clin Periodontol , vol.10 , pp. 590-601
    • Lindhe, J.1    Liljenberg, B.2    Adielson, B.3
  • 93
    • 0020616003 scopus 로고
    • Use of metronidazole as a probe in the study of human periodontal disease
    • Lindhe J, Liljenberg B, Adielson B, Borjesson I. Use of metronidazole as a probe in the study of human periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1983: 10: 100-112.
    • (1983) J Clin Periodontol , vol.10 , pp. 100-112
    • Lindhe, J.1    Liljenberg, B.2    Adielson, B.3    Borjesson, I.4
  • 94
    • 0018176964 scopus 로고
    • Effect of tetracycline and/or scaling on human periodontal disease. Clinical, microbiological, and histopathological observations
    • Listgarten MA, Lindhe J, Helldén L. Effect of tetracycline and/or scaling on human periodontal disease. Clinical, microbiological, and histopathological observations. J Clin Periodontol 1978: 5: 246-271.
    • (1978) J Clin Periodontol , vol.5 , pp. 246-271
    • Listgarten, M.A.1    Lindhe, J.2    Helldén, L.3
  • 95
    • 0017103383 scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy of dental plaque infections
    • Loesche WJ. Chemotherapy of dental plaque infections. Oral Sci Rev 1976: 9: 63-105.
    • (1976) Oral Sci Rev , vol.9 , pp. 63-105
    • Loesche, W.J.1
  • 97
    • 3142566118 scopus 로고
    • Metronidazole in periodontitis. V. Debridement should precede medication
    • Loesche WJ, Giordano JR. Metronidazole in periodontitis. V. Debridement should precede medication. Compendium 1994: 15: 1198-1218.
    • (1994) Compendium , vol.15 , pp. 1198-1218
    • Loesche, W.J.1    Giordano, J.R.2
  • 99
    • 0027506205 scopus 로고
    • Metronidazole in periodontitis. IV. The effect of patient compliance on treatment parameters
    • Loesche WJ, Grossman N, Giordano J. Metronidazole in periodontitis. IV. The effect of patient compliance on treatment parameters. J Clin Periodontol 1993: 20: 96-104.
    • (1993) J Clin Periodontol , vol.20 , pp. 96-104
    • Loesche, W.J.1    Grossman, N.2    Giordano, J.3
  • 102
    • 0021240217 scopus 로고
    • Metronidazole in periodontitis. I. Clinical and bacteriological results after 15 to 30 weeks
    • Loesche WJ, Syed SA, Morrison EC, Kerry GA, Higgins T, Stoll J. Metronidazole in periodontitis. I. Clinical and bacteriological results after 15 to 30 weeks. J Periodontol 1984: 55: 325-335.
    • (1984) J Periodontol , vol.55 , pp. 325-335
    • Loesche, W.J.1    Syed, S.A.2    Morrison, E.C.3    Kerry, G.A.4    Higgins, T.5    Stoll, J.6
  • 104
    • 0025468972 scopus 로고
    • Genetic heterogeneity of Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis by genomic DNA fingerprinting
    • Loos BG, Mayrand D, Genco RJ, Dickenson DP. Genetic heterogeneity of Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis by genomic DNA fingerprinting. J Dent Res 1990: 69: 1488-1493.
    • (1990) J Dent Res , vol.69 , pp. 1488-1493
    • Loos, B.G.1    Mayrand, D.2    Genco, R.J.3    Dickenson, D.P.4
  • 107
    • 0028447608 scopus 로고
    • Molecular detection of Bacteroides forsythus in human periodontitis
    • Lotufo RFM, Flynn J, Chen C, Slots J. Molecular detection of Bacteroides forsythus in human periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1994: 9: 161-165.
    • (1994) Oral Microbiol Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 161-165
    • Lotufo, R.F.M.1    Flynn, J.2    Chen, C.3    Slots, J.4
  • 108
    • 3142527966 scopus 로고
    • Changes in attachment level in subjects with progressive "refractory" periodontitis
    • abstr 357
    • Low SB, Magnusson I, Clark WB, Walker CB, Marks RG. Changes in attachment level in subjects with progressive "refractory" periodontitis. J Dent Res 1988: 67: 157, abstr 357.
    • (1988) J Dent Res , vol.67 , pp. 157
    • Low, S.B.1    Magnusson, I.2    Clark, W.B.3    Walker, C.B.4    Marks, R.G.5
  • 109
    • 0021331191 scopus 로고
    • Effect of combined systemic antimicrobial therapy and mechanical plaque control in patients with recurrent periodontal disease
    • Lundström A, Johansson LA, Hamp SE. Effect of combined systemic antimicrobial therapy and mechanical plaque control in patients with recurrent periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1984: 11: 321-330.
    • (1984) J Clin Periodontol , vol.11 , pp. 321-330
    • Lundström, A.1    Johansson, L.A.2    Hamp, S.E.3
  • 110
    • 0024442018 scopus 로고
    • Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy combined with adjunctive antibiotics in subjects with "refractory" periodontal disease. I. Clinical results
    • Magnusson I, Clark WB, Low SB, Marunaik J, Marks RG, Walker CB. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy combined with adjunctive antibiotics in subjects with "refractory" periodontal disease. I. Clinical results. J Clin Periodontol 1989: 16: 647-653.
    • (1989) J Clin Periodontol , vol.16 , pp. 647-653
    • Magnusson, I.1    Clark, W.B.2    Low, S.B.3    Marunaik, J.4    Marks, R.G.5    Walker, C.B.6
  • 113
    • 0023296814 scopus 로고
    • The value of systemically administered metronidazole in the modified Widman flap procedure
    • Mahmood MM, Dolby AE. The value of systemically administered metronidazole in the modified Widman flap procedure. J Periodontol 1987: 58: 147-152.
    • (1987) J Periodontol , vol.58 , pp. 147-152
    • Mahmood, M.M.1    Dolby, A.E.2
  • 114
    • 0023919552 scopus 로고
    • Microbiological and clinical effects of surgery plus doxycycline on juvenile periodontitis
    • Mandell RL, Socransky SS. Microbiological and clinical effects of surgery plus doxycycline on juvenile periodontitis. J Periodontol 1988: 59: 373-379.
    • (1988) J Periodontol , vol.59 , pp. 373-379
    • Mandell, R.L.1    Socransky, S.S.2
  • 115
    • 0022634398 scopus 로고
    • The effect of treatment on Actinobadllus actinomycetemcomitans in localized juvenile periodontitis
    • Mandell RL, Tripodi LS, Savitt E, Goodson JM, Socransky SS. The effect of treatment on Actinobadllus actinomycetemcomitans in localized juvenile periodontitis J Periodontol 1986: 57: 94-99.
    • (1986) J Periodontol , vol.57 , pp. 94-99
    • Mandell, R.L.1    Tripodi, L.S.2    Savitt, E.3    Goodson, J.M.4    Socransky, S.S.5
  • 116
    • 0021740537 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial invasion of periodontal tissues in advanced periodontitis in humans
    • Manor A, Lebendiger M, Shiffer A, Tovel H. Bacterial invasion of periodontal tissues in advanced periodontitis in humans. J Periodontol 1984: 55, 567-573.
    • (1984) J Periodontol , vol.55 , pp. 567-573
    • Manor, A.1    Lebendiger, M.2    Shiffer, A.3    Tovel, H.4
  • 117
    • 0020792136 scopus 로고
    • The periodontal microflora of juvenile diabetics. Culture, immunofluorescence, and serum antibody studies
    • Mashimo PA, Yamamoto Y, Slots J, Park B, Genco RJ. The periodontal microflora of juvenile diabetics. Culture, immunofluorescence, and serum antibody studies. J Periodontol 1983: 54: 420-430.
    • (1983) J Periodontol , vol.54 , pp. 420-430
    • Mashimo, P.A.1    Yamamoto, Y.2    Slots, J.3    Park, B.4    Genco, R.J.5
  • 118
    • 3142527965 scopus 로고
    • Short-term systemic administration of Augmentin and doxycycline in the treatment of recurrent progressive periodontitis
    • abstr 1711
    • Matisko M, Bissada N. Short-term systemic administration of Augmentin and doxycycline in the treatment of recurrent progressive periodontitis. J Dent Res 1992: 71: 319, abstr 1711.
    • (1992) J Dent Res , vol.71 , pp. 319
    • Matisko, M.1    Bissada, N.2
  • 119
    • 0025499134 scopus 로고
    • Repair potential in localized juvenile periodontitis. A case in point
    • Mattout P, Moskov BS, Fourel J. Repair potential in localized juvenile periodontitis. A case in point. J Periodontol 1990: 61: 653-660.
    • (1990) J Periodontol , vol.61 , pp. 653-660
    • Mattout, P.1    Moskov, B.S.2    Fourel, J.3
  • 120
    • 1342270813 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of doxycycline in prevention of recurrent periodontitis
    • abstr 401
    • McCulloch CAG, Birek P, Aitken S, Lee W. Efficacy of doxycycline in prevention of recurrent periodontitis. J Dent Res 1989: 68: 916, abstr 401.
    • (1989) J Dent Res , vol.68 , pp. 916
    • McCulloch, C.A.G.1    Birek, P.2    Aitken, S.3    Lee, W.4
  • 121
    • 0025011073 scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial of doxycycline in prevention of recurent periodontitis in high risk patients: Antimicrobial activity and collagenase inhibition
    • McCulloch CAG, Birek P, Overall C, Aitken S, Lee W, Kulkarni G. Randomised controlled trial of doxycycline in prevention of recurent periodontitis in high risk patients: antimicrobial activity and collagenase inhibition. J Clin Periodontol 1990: 17: 616-622.
    • (1990) J Clin Periodontol , vol.17 , pp. 616-622
    • McCulloch, C.A.G.1    Birek, P.2    Overall, C.3    Aitken, S.4    Lee, W.5    Kulkarni, G.6
  • 122
    • 0029020082 scopus 로고
    • Clonal diversity of the taxon Porphyromonas gingivalis assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting
    • Ménard C, Mouton C. Clonal diversity of the taxon Porphyromonas gingivalis assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting. Infect Immun 1995: 63: 2522-2531.
    • (1995) Infect Immun , vol.63 , pp. 2522-2531
    • Ménard, C.1    Mouton, C.2
  • 123
    • 0018594052 scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of spiramycin and erythromycin in control of periodontal disease
    • Mills WH, Thompson GW, Boagrie GS. Clinical evaluation of spiramycin and erythromycin in control of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1979: 6: 308-316.
    • (1979) J Clin Periodontol , vol.6 , pp. 308-316
    • Mills, W.H.1    Thompson, G.W.2    Boagrie, G.S.3
  • 125
    • 0042723730 scopus 로고
    • Effect of topically applied tetracycline on microflora of juvenile periodontitis
    • abstr 1172
    • Mishkin D, Javed T, Wood G, Engler W. Effect of topically applied tetracycline on microflora of juvenile periodontitis. J Dent Res 1985: 64: 305, abstr 1172.
    • (1985) J Dent Res , vol.64 , pp. 305
    • Mishkin, D.1    Javed, T.2    Wood, G.3    Engler, W.4
  • 126
    • 0014023645 scopus 로고
    • Microbiological examination of root canals and periapical tissues of human teeth
    • Möller ÅJR. Microbiological examination of root canals and periapical tissues of human teeth. Odontol Tidskr 1966: 74 (suppl): 1-380.
    • (1966) Odontol Tidskr , vol.74 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1-380
    • Möller, Å.J.R.1
  • 127
    • 0024533130 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of recurrent periodontal disease by root planing and ornidazole (Tiberal). Clinical and microbiological findings
    • Mombelli A, Gusberti FA, Lang NP. Treatment of recurrent periodontal disease by root planing and ornidazole (Tiberal). Clinical and microbiological findings. J Clin Periodontol 1989: 16: 38-45.
    • (1989) J Clin Periodontol , vol.16 , pp. 38-45
    • Mombelli, A.1    Gusberti, F.A.2    Lang, N.P.3
  • 128
    • 0027032001 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial treatment of peri-implant infections
    • Mombelli A, Lang NP. Antimicrobial treatment of peri-implant infections. Clin Oral Impl Res 1992: 3: 162-167.
    • (1992) Clin Oral Impl Res , vol.3 , pp. 162-167
    • Mombelli, A.1    Lang, N.P.2
  • 129
    • 0026195776 scopus 로고
    • Black-pigmented gram-negative bacteria in periodontal disease. II. Screening strategies for detection of P. gingivalis
    • Mombelli A, McNabb H, Lang NP. Black-pigmented gram-negative bacteria in periodontal disease. II. Screening strategies for detection of P. gingivalis. J Periodont Res 1991: 26: 308-313.
    • (1991) J Periodont Res , vol.26 , pp. 308-313
    • Mombelli, A.1    McNabb, H.2    Lang, N.P.3
  • 130
  • 131
    • 0022645128 scopus 로고
    • Repair of an extensive periodontal defect after tetracycline administration
    • Moskov BS. Repair of an extensive periodontal defect after tetracycline administration. J Periodontol 1986: 57: 29-34.
    • (1986) J Periodontol , vol.57 , pp. 29-34
    • Moskov, B.S.1
  • 132
    • 0029298947 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous isolation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from subgingival and extracrevicular locations of the mouth
    • Müller HP, Eickholz P, Heinecke A, Pohl S, Müller RF, Lange DE. Simultaneous isolation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from subgingival and extracrevicular locations of the mouth. J Clin Periodontol 1995: 22: 413-419.
    • (1995) J Clin Periodontol , vol.22 , pp. 413-419
    • Müller, H.P.1    Eickholz, P.2    Heinecke, A.3    Pohl, S.4    Müller, R.F.5    Lange, D.E.6
  • 133
    • 0027218232 scopus 로고
    • Failure of adjunctive minocycline-HCl to eliminate oral Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
    • Müller HP, Lange DE, Müller RF. Failure of adjunctive minocycline-HCl to eliminate oral Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Clin Periodontol 1993: 20: 498-504.
    • (1993) J Clin Periodontol , vol.20 , pp. 498-504
    • Müller, H.P.1    Lange, D.E.2    Müller, R.F.3
  • 134
    • 0025476494 scopus 로고
    • Konzentrierung von A. actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival Plaque nach kurzristiger Minocyclin-Therapie
    • Müller HP, Lange DE, Müller RF. Konzentrierung von A. actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival Plaque nach kurzristiger Minocyclin-Therapie. Dtsch Zahnärztl Z 1990: 45: 462-465.
    • (1990) Dtsch Zahnärztl Z , vol.45 , pp. 462-465
    • Müller, H.P.1    Lange, D.E.2    Müller, R.F.3
  • 135
    • 0024644893 scopus 로고
    • Die Reduction von A. actinomycetemcomitans bei der profunden Parodontitis
    • Müller HP, Müller RF, Lange DE. Die Reduction von A. actinomycetemcomitans bei der profunden Parodontitis. Dtsch Zahnärztl Z 1989: 44: 293-297.
    • (1989) Dtsch Zahnärztl Z , vol.44 , pp. 293-297
    • Müller, H.P.1    Müller, R.F.2    Lange, D.E.3
  • 136
    • 0028521277 scopus 로고
    • Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis: Risk factors involving host defense mechanisms
    • Murayama Y, Kurihara H, Nagai A, Dompkowski D, Van Dyke TE. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis: risk factors involving host defense mechanisms. Periodontol 2000 1994: 6: 116-124.
    • (1994) Periodontol 2000 , vol.6 , pp. 116-124
    • Murayama, Y.1    Kurihara, H.2    Nagai, A.3    Dompkowski, D.4    Van Dyke, T.E.5
  • 137
    • 0028521278 scopus 로고
    • Periodontal diseases in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus
    • Murray PA. Periodontal diseases in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus. Periodontol 2000 1994: 6: 50-67.
    • (1994) Periodontol 2000 , vol.6 , pp. 50-67
    • Murray, P.A.1
  • 138
    • 0025965036 scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of metronidazole by Enterococcus faecalis
    • Nagy E, Földes J. Inactivation of metronidazole by Enterococcus faecalis. J Antimicrob Chemother 1991: 27: 63-70.
    • (1991) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.27 , pp. 63-70
    • Nagy, E.1    Földes, J.2
  • 139
    • 0025829909 scopus 로고
    • Effect of daptomycin, metronidazole and mezlocillin combinations on mixed bacterial cultures involving facultative and anaerobic bacteria
    • Nagy E, Heizmann WR, Werner H. Effect of daptomycin, metronidazole and mezlocillin combinations on mixed bacterial cultures involving facultative and anaerobic bacteria. Scand J Infect Dis 1991: 23: 239-245.
    • (1991) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 239-245
    • Nagy, E.1    Heizmann, W.R.2    Werner, H.3
  • 140
    • 0026150177 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and microbiological study of local minocycline delivery (Periocline) following scaling and root planing in recurrent periodontal pockets
    • Nakagawa T, Yamada S, Oosuka Y, Saito A, Hosaka Y, Ishikawa T, Okuda K. Clinical and microbiological study of local minocycline delivery (Periocline) following scaling and root planing in recurrent periodontal pockets. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 1991: 32: 63-70.
    • (1991) Bull Tokyo Dent Coll , vol.32 , pp. 63-70
    • Nakagawa, T.1    Yamada, S.2    Oosuka, Y.3    Saito, A.4    Hosaka, Y.5    Ishikawa, T.6    Okuda, K.7
  • 142
    • 0023936666 scopus 로고
    • Tetracycline therapy in patients with early juvenile periodontitis
    • Novak MJ, Poison AM, Adair SM. Tetracycline therapy in patients with early juvenile periodontitis. J Periodontol 1988: 59: 366-372.
    • (1988) J Periodontol , vol.59 , pp. 366-372
    • Novak, M.J.1    Poison, A.M.2    Adair, S.M.3
  • 143
    • 0026052212 scopus 로고
    • Resolution of early lesions of juvenile periodontitis with tetracycline therapy alone: Long-term observations of 4 cases
    • Novak MN, Stamatelakys C, Adair SM. Resolution of early lesions of juvenile periodontitis with tetracycline therapy alone: long-term observations of 4 cases. J Periodontol 1991: 62: 628-633.
    • (1991) J Periodontol , vol.62 , pp. 628-633
    • Novak, M.N.1    Stamatelakys, C.2    Adair, S.M.3
  • 144
    • 0029317596 scopus 로고
    • Periodontal pathogens on polytetrafluoroethylene membrane for guided tissue regeneration inhibit healing
    • Nowzari H, Matian F, Slots J. Periodontal pathogens on polytetrafluoroethylene membrane for guided tissue regeneration inhibit healing. J Clin Periodontol 1995: 22: 469-474.
    • (1995) J Clin Periodontol , vol.22 , pp. 469-474
    • Nowzari, H.1    Matian, F.2    Slots, J.3
  • 145
    • 0028390171 scopus 로고
    • Microorganisms on polytetrafluoroethylene barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration
    • Nowzari H, Slots J. Microorganisms on polytetrafluoroethylene barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration. J Clin Periodontol 1994: 21: 203-210.
    • (1994) J Clin Periodontol , vol.21 , pp. 203-210
    • Nowzari, H.1    Slots, J.2
  • 146
    • 1342292037 scopus 로고
    • Microbiological and clinical effects of systemic antibiotic administration in advanced periodontitis
    • Ohta Y, Okuda K, Takazoe I. Microbiological and clinical effects of systemic antibiotic administration in advanced periodontitis. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 1986: 27: 139-148.
    • (1986) Bull Tokyo Dent Coll , vol.27 , pp. 139-148
    • Ohta, Y.1    Okuda, K.2    Takazoe, I.3
  • 147
    • 0020077895 scopus 로고
    • Periodontal infection in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Prevalence of acute exacerbations
    • Overholser CD, Peterson DE, Williams LT, Schimff SC. Periodontal infection in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Prevalence of acute exacerbations. Arch Intern Med 1982: 142: 551-554.
    • (1982) Arch Intern Med , vol.142 , pp. 551-554
    • Overholser, C.D.1    Peterson, D.E.2    Williams, L.T.3    Schimff, S.C.4
  • 150
    • 85005216114 scopus 로고
    • In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of different serotypes of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
    • Pajukanta R, Asikainen S, Saarela M, Alaluusua S, Jousimies-Somer H. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of different serotypes of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Scand J Dent Res 1993: 101: 299-303.
    • (1993) Scand J Dent Res , vol.101 , pp. 299-303
    • Pajukanta, R.1    Asikainen, S.2    Saarela, M.3    Alaluusua, S.4    Jousimies-Somer, H.5
  • 151
    • 0026771395 scopus 로고
    • In vitro activity of azithromycin compared with that of erythromycin against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
    • Pajukanta R, Asikainen S, Saarela M, Alaluusua S, Jousimies-Somer H. In vitro activity of azithromycin compared with that of erythromycin against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992: 36: 1241-1243.
    • (1992) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.36 , pp. 1241-1243
    • Pajukanta, R.1    Asikainen, S.2    Saarela, M.3    Alaluusua, S.4    Jousimies-Somer, H.5
  • 152
    • 0030072469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic principles of antimicrobial therapy
    • Pallasch TJ. Pharmacokinetic principles of antimicrobial therapy. Periodontol 2000 1996: 10: 5-11.
    • (1996) Periodontol 2000 , vol.10 , pp. 5-11
    • Pallasch, T.J.1
  • 153
    • 0024614565 scopus 로고
    • Refractory chronic periodontitis: Effect of oral tetracycline hydrochloride and root planing
    • Papli R, Lewis JM. Refractory chronic periodontitis: effect of oral tetracycline hydrochloride and root planing. Aust Dent J 1989: 34: 60-68.
    • (1989) Aust Dent J , vol.34 , pp. 60-68
    • Papli, R.1    Lewis, J.M.2
  • 154
    • 0347196992 scopus 로고
    • Effects of systemic metronidazole on human periodontal disease progression and BANA test results
    • abstr 1934
    • Paquette DW, Fiorellini JP, Howell TH. Effects of systemic metronidazole on human periodontal disease progression and BANA test results. J Dent Res 1992: 71: 757, abstr 1934.
    • (1992) J Dent Res , vol.71 , pp. 757
    • Paquette, D.W.1    Fiorellini, J.P.2    Howell, T.H.3
  • 155
    • 0025756395 scopus 로고
    • Synergistic effects between amoxicillin, metronidazole and the hydroxymetabolite of metronidazole against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
    • Pavičić MJAMP, van Winkelhoff AJ, de Graaff J. Synergistic effects between amoxicillin, metronidazole and the hydroxymetabolite of metronidazole against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991: 35: 961-966.
    • (1991) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.35 , pp. 961-966
    • Pavičić, M.J.A.M.P.1    Van Winkelhoff, A.J.2    De Graaff, J.3
  • 156
    • 0026464889 scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibilities of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to a number of antimicrobial combinations
    • Pavičić MJAMP, van Winkelhoff AJ, de Graaff J. In vitro susceptibilities of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to a number of antimicrobial combinations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992 36: 2634-2638.
    • (1992) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.36 , pp. 2634-2638
    • Pavičić, M.J.A.M.P.1    Van Winkelhoff, A.J.2    De Graaff, J.3
  • 157
    • 0028369255 scopus 로고
    • Microbiological and clinical effects of metronidazole and amoxicillin in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontitis. A 2-year evaluation
    • Pavičić MJAMP, van Winkelhoff AJ, Douqué NH, Steures RWR, de Graaff J. Microbiological and clinical effects of metronidazole and amoxicillin in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontitis. A 2-year evaluation. J Clin Periodontol 1994: 21: 107-112.
    • (1994) J Clin Periodontol , vol.21 , pp. 107-112
    • Pavičić, M.J.A.M.P.1    Van Winkelhoff, A.J.2    Douqué, N.H.3    Steures, R.W.R.4    De Graaff, J.5
  • 158
  • 160
    • 0027661474 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in families of adult periodontitis patients
    • Petit MDA, van Steenbergen TJM, de Graaff J, van der Velden U. Transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in families of adult periodontitis patients. J Periodont Res 1993: 28: 335-345.
    • (1993) J Periodont Res , vol.28 , pp. 335-345
    • Petit, M.D.A.1    Van Steenbergen, T.J.M.2    De Graaff, J.3    Van Der Velden, U.4
  • 161
    • 0027685688 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and transmission of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans among children and their family members - A report of 4 surveys
    • Petit MDA, van Steenbergen, TJM, Scholte LHM, van der Velden U, de Graaff J. Epidemiology and transmission of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans among children and their family members - a report of 4 surveys. J Clin Periodontol 1993: 20: 641-650.
    • (1993) J Clin Periodontol , vol.20 , pp. 641-650
    • Petit, M.D.A.1    Van Steenbergen, T.J.M.2    Scholte, L.H.M.3    Van Der Velden, U.4    De Graaff, J.5
  • 162
    • 0028031452 scopus 로고
    • Population structure of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: A framework for studies of disease-associated properties
    • Poulsen K, Theilade E, Lally ET, Demuth DR, Kilian M. Population structure of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: a framework for studies of disease-associated properties. Microbiology 1994: 140: 2049-2060.
    • (1994) Microbiology , vol.140 , pp. 2049-2060
    • Poulsen, K.1    Theilade, E.2    Lally, E.T.3    Demuth, D.R.4    Kilian, M.5
  • 163
    • 84985794048 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking in patients referred for periodontal treatment
    • Preber H, Bergström J. Cigarette smoking in patients referred for periodontal treatment. Scand J Dent Res 1986: 94: 102-108.
    • (1986) Scand J Dent Res , vol.94 , pp. 102-108
    • Preber, H.1    Bergström, J.2
  • 164
    • 3142604414 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in families of adult periodontitis patients
    • Preus HR, Russell DT, Zambon JJ. Transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in families of adult periodontitis patients. J Dent Res 1992: 71: 606.
    • (1992) J Dent Res , vol.71 , pp. 606
    • Preus, H.R.1    Russell, D.T.2    Zambon, J.J.3
  • 165
    • 3142540367 scopus 로고
    • A contribution to the history of Ementin
    • Prinz H. A contribution to the history of Ementin. Dent Cosmos 1915: 57: 313-315.
    • (1915) Dent Cosmos , vol.57 , pp. 313-315
    • Prinz, H.1
  • 166
    • 0025447784 scopus 로고
    • Subgingival occurrence of enteric rods, yeasts and staphylococci after systemic doxycycline therapy
    • Rams TE, Babalola OO, Slots J. Subgingival occurrence of enteric rods, yeasts and staphylococci after systemic doxycycline therapy. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1990: 5: 166-168.
    • (1990) Oral Microbiol Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 166-168
    • Rams, T.E.1    Babalola, O.O.2    Slots, J.3
  • 167
    • 0343899064 scopus 로고
    • Ciprofloxacin/metronidazole treatment of recurrent adult periodontitis
    • abstr 1708
    • Rams TE, Feik D, Slots J. Ciprofloxacin/metronidazole treatment of recurrent adult periodontitis. J Dent Res 1992: 71: 319, abstr 1708.
    • (1992) J Dent Res , vol.71 , pp. 319
    • Rams, T.E.1    Feik, D.2    Slots, J.3
  • 170
    • 0020792051 scopus 로고
    • A rational for the management of periodontal diseases: Effects of tetracycline on subgingival bacteria
    • Rams TE, Keyes PH. A rational for the management of periodontal diseases: effects of tetracycline on subgingival bacteria. J Am Dent Assoc 1983: 107: 37-41.
    • (1983) J Am Dent Assoc , vol.107 , pp. 37-41
    • Rams, T.E.1    Keyes, P.H.2
  • 171
    • 0022115881 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of microbiologically modulated periodontal therapy on advanced adult periodontitis
    • Rams TE, Keyes PH, Wright WE, Howard SA. Long-term effects of microbiologically modulated periodontal therapy on advanced adult periodontitis. J Am Dent Assoc 1985: 111: 429-441.
    • (1985) J Am Dent Assoc , vol.111 , pp. 429-441
    • Rams, T.E.1    Keyes, P.H.2    Wright, W.E.3    Howard, S.A.4
  • 172
    • 0028528180 scopus 로고
    • Utility of radiographic crestal lamina dura for predicting periodontitis disease-activity
    • Rams TE, Listgarten MA, Slots J. Utility of radiographic crestal lamina dura for predicting periodontitis disease-activity. J Clin Periodontol 1994: 21: 571-576.
    • (1994) J Clin Periodontol , vol.21 , pp. 571-576
    • Rams, T.E.1    Listgarten, M.A.2    Slots, J.3
  • 173
    • 0030113443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The utility of 5 major putative periodontal pathogens and selected clinical parameters to predict periodontal breakdown in adults on maintenance care
    • in press
    • Rams TE, Listgarten MA, Slots J. The utility of 5 major putative periodontal pathogens and selected clinical parameters to predict periodontal breakdown in adults on maintenance care. J Clin Periodontol (in press).
    • J Clin Periodontol
    • Rams, T.E.1    Listgarten, M.A.2    Slots, J.3
  • 174
    • 3142534083 scopus 로고
    • The subgingival microflora as a determinant in periodontal disease treatment planning
    • Rams TE, Slots J. The subgingival microflora as a determinant in periodontal disease treatment planning. Probe Can Dent Hyg Assoc J 1990: 24: 89-92.
    • (1990) Probe Can Dent Hyg Assoc J , vol.24 , pp. 89-92
    • Rams, T.E.1    Slots, J.2
  • 175
    • 84993890915 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two pressure-sensitive probes and manual periodontal probe in shallow and deep pockets
    • Rams TE, Slots J. Comparison of two pressure-sensitive probes and manual periodontal probe in shallow and deep pockets. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1993: 13: 519-527.
    • (1993) Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent , vol.13 , pp. 519-527
    • Rams, T.E.1    Slots, J.2
  • 176
    • 0030072475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local delivery of antimicrobial agents in the periodontal pocket
    • Rams TE, Slots J. Local delivery of antimicrobial agents in the periodontal pocket. Periodontol 2000 1996: 10: 139-159.
    • (1996) Periodontol 2000 , vol.10 , pp. 139-159
    • Rams, T.E.1    Slots, J.2
  • 177
    • 0026177463 scopus 로고
    • Candida biotypes in human adult periodontitis
    • Rams TE, Slots J. Candida biotypes in human adult periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1991: 6: 191-192.
    • (1991) Oral Microbiol Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 191-192
    • Rams, T.E.1    Slots, J.2
  • 178
    • 0025345761 scopus 로고
    • Effect of root debridement on the elimination of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from periodontal pockets
    • Renvert S, Wikström M, Dahlén G, Slots J, Egelberg J. Effect of root debridement on the elimination of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from periodontal pockets. J Clin Periodontol 1990: 17: 345-350.
    • (1990) J Clin Periodontol , vol.17 , pp. 345-350
    • Renvert, S.1    Wikström, M.2    Dahlén, G.3    Slots, J.4    Egelberg, J.5
  • 179
    • 0025352707 scopus 로고
    • On the inability of root debridement and periodontal surgery to eliminate Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from periodontal pockets
    • Renvert S, Wikström M, Slots J, Egelberg J. On the inability of root debridement and periodontal surgery to eliminate Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from periodontal pockets. J Clin Periodontol 1990: 17: 351-355.
    • (1990) J Clin Periodontol , vol.17 , pp. 351-355
    • Renvert, S.1    Wikström, M.2    Slots, J.3    Egelberg, J.4
  • 181
    • 0025286195 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in progressive periodontal disease in relation to age and treatment history
    • Rodenburg JP, van Winkelhoff AJ, Winkel EG, Goené RJ, Abbas F, de Graaff J. Occurrence of Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in progressive periodontal disease in relation to age and treatment history. J Clin Periodontol 1990: 17: 392-399.
    • (1990) J Clin Periodontol , vol.17 , pp. 392-399
    • Rodenburg, J.P.1    Van Winkelhoff, A.J.2    Winkel, E.G.3    Goené, R.J.4    Abbas, F.5    De Graaff, J.6
  • 182
    • 0027735992 scopus 로고
    • Routine anaerobic bacterial culture and systemic antibiotic usage in the treatment of adult periodontitis: A 6-year longitudinal study
    • Rosenberg ES, Torosian JP, Hammond BF, Cutler SA. Routine anaerobic bacterial culture and systemic antibiotic usage in the treatment of adult periodontitis: a 6-year longitudinal study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1993: 13: 213-243.
    • (1993) Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent , vol.13 , pp. 213-243
    • Rosenberg, E.S.1    Torosian, J.P.2    Hammond, B.F.3    Cutler, S.A.4
  • 185
    • 26544474182 scopus 로고
    • Metronidazole in the treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis
    • abstr 104
    • Saxén L, Asikainen S. Metronidazole in the treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis. J Dent Res 1992: 71: 1098, abstr 104.
    • (1992) J Dent Res , vol.71 , pp. 1098
    • Saxén, L.1    Asikainen, S.2
  • 186
    • 0027407948 scopus 로고
    • Metronidazole in the treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis
    • Saxén L, Asikainen S. Metronidazole in the treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1993: 20: 166-171.
    • (1993) J Clin Periodontol , vol.20 , pp. 166-171
    • Saxén, L.1    Asikainen, S.2
  • 187
    • 0025655069 scopus 로고
    • The long-term efficacy of systemic doxycycline medication in the treatment of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontitis
    • Saxén L, Asikainen S, Kanervo A, Kari K, Jousimies-Somer H. The long-term efficacy of systemic doxycycline medication in the treatment of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 1990: 35: 227S-229S.
    • (1990) Arch Oral Biol , vol.35
    • Saxén, L.1    Asikainen, S.2    Kanervo, A.3    Kari, K.4    Jousimies-Somer, H.5
  • 188
    • 0028521267 scopus 로고
    • Early-onset periodontitis: Systemic aspects of etiology and pathogenesis
    • Schenkein HA, van Dyke TE. Early-onset periodontitis: systemic aspects of etiology and pathogenesis. Periodontol 2000 1994: 6: 7-25.
    • (1994) Periodontol 2000 , vol.6 , pp. 7-25
    • Schenkein, H.A.1    Van Dyke, T.E.2
  • 189
    • 0001604228 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose doxycycline prevents attachment loss in adult periodontitis
    • abstr 1936
    • Schroeder KL, Ramamurthy NS, Sczepanek KA. Low-dose doxycycline prevents attachment loss in adult periodontitis. J Dent Res 1992: 71: 758, abstr 1936.
    • (1992) J Dent Res , vol.71 , pp. 758
    • Schroeder, K.L.1    Ramamurthy, N.S.2    Sczepanek, K.A.3
  • 190
    • 0019224616 scopus 로고
    • Tetracycline: A clinical study to determine its effectiveness as long-term adjuvant
    • Scopp IW, Froum SJ, Sullivan M, Kazandjian G, Wank D, Fine A. Tetracycline: a clinical study to determine its effectiveness as long-term adjuvant. J Periodontol 1980: 51: 328-330.
    • (1980) J Periodontol , vol.51 , pp. 328-330
    • Scopp, I.W.1    Froum, S.J.2    Sullivan, M.3    Kazandjian, G.4    Wank, D.5    Fine, A.6
  • 191
    • 0024600829 scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of tetracycline in human gingival tissue in patients with chronic periodontal disease
    • Shifer A, Dany S, Schwarzkopp R, Rubinstein E. Concentrations of tetracycline in human gingival tissue in patients with chronic periodontal disease. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989: 23: 464-465.
    • (1989) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.23 , pp. 464-465
    • Shifer, A.1    Dany, S.2    Schwarzkopp, R.3    Rubinstein, E.4
  • 192
    • 84984520038 scopus 로고
    • Microflora in the healthy gingival sulcus in man
    • Slots J. Microflora in the healthy gingival sulcus in man. Scand J Dent Res 1977: 85: 247-254.
    • (1977) Scand J Dent Res , vol.85 , pp. 247-254
    • Slots, J.1
  • 193
    • 0029038825 scopus 로고
    • Detection of putative periodontal pathogens in subgingival specimens by 16S ribosomal DNA amplification with the polymerase chain reaction
    • Slots J, Ashimoto A, Flynn MJ, Li G, Chen C. Detection of putative periodontal pathogens in subgingival specimens by 16S ribosomal DNA amplification with the polymerase chain reaction. Clin Infect Dis 1995: 20 (suppl 2): S304-S307.
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.20 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Slots, J.1    Ashimoto, A.2    Flynn, M.J.3    Li, G.4    Chen, C.5
  • 194
    • 0025672004 scopus 로고
    • Age and sex relationships of superinfecting microorganisms in periodontitis patients
    • Slots J, Feik D, Rams TE. Age and sex relationships of superinfecting microorganisms in periodontitis patients. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1990: 5: 305-308.
    • (1990) Oral Microbiol Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 305-308
    • Slots, J.1    Feik, D.2    Rams, T.E.3
  • 195
    • 0025502125 scopus 로고
    • In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of enteric rods and pseudomonads from advanced adult periodontitis
    • Slots J, Feik D, Rams TE. In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of enteric rods and pseudomonads from advanced adult periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1990: 5: 298-301.
    • (1990) Oral Microbiol Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 298-301
    • Slots, J.1    Feik, D.2    Rams, T.E.3
  • 196
    • 0021403590 scopus 로고
    • Black-pigmented Bacteroides species, Capnocytophaga species, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease: Virulence factors in colonization, survival, and tissue destruction
    • Slots J, Genco RJ. Black-pigmented Bacteroides species, Capnocytophaga species, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease: virulence factors in colonization, survival, and tissue destruction. J Dent Res 1984: 63, 412-421.
    • (1984) J Dent Res , vol.63 , pp. 412-421
    • Slots, J.1    Genco, R.J.2
  • 197
    • 0022412412 scopus 로고
    • Detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Bacteroides gingivalis in subgingival smears by the indirect immunofluorescent-antibody technique
    • Slots J, Hafström C, Rosling B, Dahlén G. Detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Bacteroides gingivalis in subgingival smears by the indirect immunofluorescent-antibody technique. J Periodont Res 1985: 20: 613-620.
    • (1985) J Periodont Res , vol.20 , pp. 613-620
    • Slots, J.1    Hafström, C.2    Rosling, B.3    Dahlén, G.4
  • 198
    • 0023831320 scopus 로고
    • Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal diseases
    • Slots J, Listgarten MA. Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol 1988: 15: 85-93.
    • (1988) J Clin Periodontol , vol.15 , pp. 85-93
    • Slots, J.1    Listgarten, M.A.2
  • 199
    • 0018533582 scopus 로고
    • Periodontal therapy in humans. I. Microbiological and clinical effects of a single course of periodontal scaling and root planing, and of adjunctive tetracycline therapy
    • Slots J, Mashimo P, Levine MJ, Genco RJ. Periodontal therapy in humans. I. Microbiological and clinical effects of a single course of periodontal scaling and root planing, and of adjunctive tetracycline therapy. J Periodontol 1979: 50: 494-509.
    • (1979) J Periodontol , vol.50 , pp. 494-509
    • Slots, J.1    Mashimo, P.2    Levine, M.J.3    Genco, R.J.4
  • 200
    • 0025372732 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics in periodontal therapy: Advantages and disadvantages
    • Slots J, Rams TE. Antibiotics in periodontal therapy: advantages and disadvantages. J Clin Periodontol 1990: 17: 479-493.
    • (1990) J Clin Periodontol , vol.17 , pp. 479-493
    • Slots, J.1    Rams, T.E.2
  • 201
    • 0026230509 scopus 로고
    • Subgingival microflora of advanced periodontitis in the Domenican Republic
    • Slots J, Rams TE, Feik D, Taveras HD, Gillespie GM. Subgingival microflora of advanced periodontitis in the Domenican Republic. J Periodontol 1991: 62: 543-547.
    • (1991) J Periodontol , vol.62 , pp. 543-547
    • Slots, J.1    Rams, T.E.2    Feik, D.3    Taveras, H.D.4    Gillespie, G.M.5
  • 202
    • 0024021142 scopus 로고
    • Yeasts, enteric rods and pseudomonads in the subgingival flora of severe adult periodontitis
    • Slots J, Rams TE, Listgarten MA. Yeasts, enteric rods and pseudomonads in the subgingival flora of severe adult periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1988: 3: 47-52.
    • (1988) Oral Microbiol Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 47-52
    • Slots, J.1    Rams, T.E.2    Listgarten, M.A.3
  • 203
    • 0018949467 scopus 로고
    • Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease: A crosssectional microbiological investigation
    • Slots J, Reynolds HS, Genco RJ. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease: a crosssectional microbiological investigation. Infect Immun 1980: 29: 1013-1020.
    • (1980) Infect Immun , vol.29 , pp. 1013-1020
    • Slots, J.1    Reynolds, H.S.2    Genco, R.J.3
  • 204
    • 0021086140 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of the periodontopathic microflora in localized juvenile periodontitis by systemic tetracycline
    • Slots J, Rosling BG. Suppression of the periodontopathic microflora in localized juvenile periodontitis by systemic tetracycline. J Clin Periodontol 1983: 10: 465-486.
    • (1983) J Clin Periodontol , vol.10 , pp. 465-486
    • Slots, J.1    Rosling, B.G.2
  • 205
    • 0027703954 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial therapy in periodontics
    • Slots J, van Winkelhoff AJ. Antimicrobial therapy in periodontics. J Cal Dent Assoc 1993: 21 (November): 51-56.
    • (1993) J Cal Dent Assoc , vol.21 , Issue.NOVEMBER , pp. 51-56
    • Slots, J.1    Van Winkelhoff, A.J.2
  • 207
    • 0028457299 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of bacterial etiology: A historical perspective
    • Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Evidence of bacterial etiology: a historical perspective. Periodontol 2000 1994: 5: 7-25.
    • (1994) Periodontol 2000 , vol.5 , pp. 7-25
    • Socransky, S.S.1    Haffajee, A.D.2
  • 208
    • 0024058673 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of subgingival microbial complexes to clinical features at the sampled sites
    • Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Dzink JL. Relationship of subgingival microbial complexes to clinical features at the sampled sites. J Clin Periodontol 1988: 15: 440-444.
    • (1988) J Clin Periodontol , vol.15 , pp. 440-444
    • Socransky, S.S.1    Haffajee, A.D.2    Dzink, J.L.3
  • 210
    • 0025289227 scopus 로고
    • The effect of systemic metronidazole after non-surgical treatment in moderate and advanced periodontitis
    • Söder PO, Frithiof L, Wikner S, Wouters FR, Nedlich V, Söder B, Rubin B. The effect of systemic metronidazole after non-surgical treatment in moderate and advanced periodontitis. J Periodontol 1990: 61: 281-288.
    • (1990) J Periodontol , vol.61 , pp. 281-288
    • Söder, P.O.1    Frithiof, L.2    Wikner, S.3    Wouters, F.R.4    Nedlich, V.5    Söder, B.6    Rubin, B.7
  • 212
    • 0022421927 scopus 로고
    • Metronidazole as an adjunct to periodontal therapy with subgingival curettage
    • Sterry KA, Langeroudi M, Dolby AE. Metronidazole as an adjunct to periodontal therapy with subgingival curettage. Br Dent J 1985: 158: 176-178.
    • (1985) Br Dent J , vol.158 , pp. 176-178
    • Sterry, K.A.1    Langeroudi, M.2    Dolby, A.E.3
  • 213
    • 0015410463 scopus 로고
    • Survival of human dental plaque flora in various transport media
    • Syed SA, Loesche WJ. Survival of human dental plaque flora in various transport media. J Appl Microbiol 1972: 24: 638-644.
    • (1972) J Appl Microbiol , vol.24 , pp. 638-644
    • Syed, S.A.1    Loesche, W.J.2
  • 215
    • 0025220371 scopus 로고
    • Multiple periodontal abscesses after systemic antibiotic therapy
    • Topoll HH, Lange DE, Müller RF. Multiple periodontal abscesses after systemic antibiotic therapy. J Clin Periodontol 1990: 17: 268-272.
    • (1990) J Clin Periodontol , vol.17 , pp. 268-272
    • Topoll, H.H.1    Lange, D.E.2    Müller, R.F.3
  • 216
    • 0026275530 scopus 로고
    • Clindamycin v. tetracycline in the surgical treatment of advanced periodontitis: A double blind study with applicability for implant salvage
    • Trieger N, Mark L, McKitrick J, Fiorillo J, Van Horn K, Motyl M. Clindamycin v. tetracycline in the surgical treatment of advanced periodontitis: a double blind study with applicability for implant salvage. Int J Oral Implantol 1991: 7: 31-38.
    • (1991) Int J Oral Implantol , vol.7 , pp. 31-38
    • Trieger, N.1    Mark, L.2    McKitrick, J.3    Fiorillo, J.4    Van Horn, K.5    Motyl, M.6
  • 221
    • 0026021190 scopus 로고
    • Chronic conjunctivitis caused by oral anaerobes and effectively treated with systemic metronidazole plus amoxicillin
    • van Winkelhoff AJ, Abbas F, Pavičić MJAMP, de Graaff J. Chronic conjunctivitis caused by oral anaerobes and effectively treated with systemic metronidazole plus amoxicillin. J Clin Microbiol 1991: 29: 723-725.
    • (1991) J Clin Microbiol , vol.29 , pp. 723-725
    • Van Winkelhoff, A.J.1    Abbas, F.2    Pavičić, M.J.A.M.P.3    De Graaff, J.4
  • 222
    • 0026197585 scopus 로고
    • Microbiology in the management of destructive periodontal disease
    • van Winkelhoff AJ, de Graaff J. Microbiology in the management of destructive periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1991: 18: 406-410.
    • (1991) J Clin Periodontol , vol.18 , pp. 406-410
    • Van Winkelhoff, A.J.1    De Graaff, J.2
  • 225
    • 0026543688 scopus 로고
    • Microbiological and clinical results of metronidazole plus amoxicillin therapy in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontitis
    • van Winkelhoff AJ, Tijhof CJ, de Graaff J. Microbiological and clinical results of metronidazole plus amoxicillin therapy in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontitis. J Periodontol 1992: 63: 52-57.
    • (1992) J Periodontol , vol.63 , pp. 52-57
    • Van Winkelhoff, A.J.1    Tijhof, C.J.2    De Graaff, J.3
  • 227
    • 0023858470 scopus 로고
    • Microbial succession in recolonizing deep periodontal pockets after a single course of supra-and subgingival debridement
    • van Winkelhoff AJ, van der Velden U, de Graaff J. Microbial succession in recolonizing deep periodontal pockets after a single course of supra-and subgingival debridement. J Clin Periodontol 1987: 15: 116-122.
    • (1987) J Clin Periodontol , vol.15 , pp. 116-122
    • Van Winkelhoff, A.J.1    Van Der Velden, U.2    De Graaff, J.3
  • 228
    • 0022746110 scopus 로고
    • Black-pigmented Bacteroides and motile organisms on oral mucosal surfaces in individuals with and without periodontal breakdown
    • van Winkelhoff AJ, van der Velden U, Winkel EG, de Graaff J. Black-pigmented Bacteroides and motile organisms on oral mucosal surfaces in individuals with and without periodontal breakdown. J Periodont Res 1986: 21, 434-139.
    • (1986) J Periodont Res , vol.21 , pp. 434-1139
    • Van Winkelhoff, A.J.1    Van Der Velden, U.2    Winkel, E.G.3    De Graaff, J.4
  • 229
  • 231
    • 0005190925 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
    • Slots J, Taubman M, ed. St. Louis: Mosby Yearbook
    • Walker CB. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. In: Slots J, Taubman M, ed. Contemporary oral microbiology and immunology. St. Louis: Mosby Yearbook, 1992: 242-264.
    • (1992) Contemporary Oral Microbiology and Immunology , pp. 242-264
    • Walker, C.B.1
  • 232
    • 0030072461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selected antimicrobial agents: Mechanisms of action, side effects and drug interactions
    • Walker CB. Selected antimicrobial agents: mechanisms of action, side effects and drug interactions. Periodontol 2000 1996 10: 12-28.
    • (1996) Periodontol 2000 , vol.10 , pp. 12-28
    • Walker, C.B.1
  • 233
    • 3142604408 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and properties of beta-lactamases produced by periodontal bacteria
    • abstr 513
    • Walker CB, Bueno L, Cohen S. Characterization and properties of beta-lactamases produced by periodontal bacteria. J Dent Res 1986: 65: 226, abstr 513.
    • (1986) J Dent Res , vol.65 , pp. 226
    • Walker, C.B.1    Bueno, L.2    Cohen, S.3
  • 234
    • 0025175816 scopus 로고
    • The effect of clindamycin on the microbiota associated with refractory periodontitis
    • Walker CB, Gordon JM. The effect of clindamycin on the microbiota associated with refractory periodontitis. J Periodontol 1990: 61: 692-698.
    • (1990) J Periodontol , vol.61 , pp. 692-698
    • Walker, C.B.1    Gordon, J.M.2
  • 235
    • 0027321648 scopus 로고
    • A role for antibiotics in the treatment of refractory periodontitis
    • Walker CB, Gordon JM, Magnusson I, Clark WB. A role for antibiotics in the treatment of refractory periodontitis. J Periodontol 1993: 64: 772-781.
    • (1993) J Periodontol , vol.64 , pp. 772-781
    • Walker, C.B.1    Gordon, J.M.2    Magnusson, I.3    Clark, W.B.4
  • 236
    • 0020967839 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic susceptibility testing of subgingival plaque samples
    • Walker CB, Gordon JM, Socransky SS. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of subgingival plaque samples. J Clin Periodontol 1983: 10: 422-432.
    • (1983) J Clin Periodontol , vol.10 , pp. 422-432
    • Walker, C.B.1    Gordon, J.M.2    Socransky, S.S.3
  • 237
    • 0022323080 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic susceptibilities of periodontal bacteria. In vitro susceptibilities to eight antimicrobial agents
    • Walker CB, Pappas JD, Tyler KZ, Cohen S, Gordon JM. Antibiotic susceptibilities of periodontal bacteria. In vitro susceptibilities to eight antimicrobial agents. J Periodontol 1985: 56 (suppl): 67-74.
    • (1985) J Periodontol , vol.56 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 67-74
    • Walker, C.B.1    Pappas, J.D.2    Tyler, K.Z.3    Cohen, S.4    Gordon, J.M.5
  • 238
    • 0023415607 scopus 로고
    • Penicillin-degrading enzymes in sites associated with adult periodontitis
    • Walker CB, Tyler KZ, Low SB, King CJ. Penicillin-degrading enzymes in sites associated with adult periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1989: 2: 129-131.
    • (1989) Oral Microbiol Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 129-131
    • Walker, C.B.1    Tyler, K.Z.2    Low, S.B.3    King, C.J.4
  • 239
    • 0022608232 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and microbiological effects of single-dose metronidazole or scaling and root planing in the treatment of adult periodontitis
    • Walsh MM, Buchanan SA, Hoover C, Newbrun E, Taggert EJ, Armitage GC, Robertson PB. Clinical and microbiological effects of single-dose metronidazole or scaling and root planing in the treatment of adult periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1986: 13: 151-157.
    • (1986) J Clin Periodontol , vol.13 , pp. 151-157
    • Walsh, M.M.1    Buchanan, S.A.2    Hoover, C.3    Newbrun, E.4    Taggert, E.J.5    Armitage, G.C.6    Robertson, P.B.7
  • 240
    • 0022878508 scopus 로고
    • Metronidzole: A double blind trial in untreated human periodontol disease
    • Watts T, Palmer R, Floyd P. Metronidzole: a double blind trial in untreated human periodontol disease. J Clin Periodontol 1986: 13: 939-943.
    • (1986) J Clin Periodontol , vol.13 , pp. 939-943
    • Watts, T.1    Palmer, R.2    Floyd, P.3
  • 241
    • 0023556580 scopus 로고
    • Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius: Predictors of attachment loss?
    • Wennström J, Dahlén G, Svensson J, Nyman S. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius: predictors of attachment loss? Oral Microbiol Immunol 1987: 2: 158-163.
    • (1987) Oral Microbiol Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 158-163
    • Wennström, J.1    Dahlén, G.2    Svensson, J.3    Nyman, S.4
  • 242
    • 3142648573 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of doxycycline treatment on recurrent periodontitis. 2 years observations
    • abstr 97
    • Westergaard J, Fiehn NE. Efficacy of doxycycline treatment on recurrent periodontitis. 2 years observations. J Dent Res 1991: 70: 836, abstr 97.
    • (1991) J Dent Res , vol.70 , pp. 836
    • Westergaard, J.1    Fiehn, N.E.2
  • 243
    • 0021004470 scopus 로고
    • Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease: Prevalence in patient groups and distribution of biotypes and serotypes within families
    • Zambon JJ, Christersson LA, Slots J. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease: prevalence in patient groups and distribution of biotypes and serotypes within families. J Periodontol 1983: 54: 707-711.
    • (1983) J Periodontol , vol.54 , pp. 707-711
    • Zambon, J.J.1    Christersson, L.A.2    Slots, J.3
  • 244
    • 0022156314 scopus 로고
    • Rapid identification of periodontal pathogens in subgingival dental plaque. Comparison of indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with bacterial culture for detection of Bacteroides gingivalis
    • Zambon JJ, Reynolds HS, Chen P, Genco RJ. Rapid identification of periodontal pathogens in subgingival dental plaque. Comparison of indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with bacterial culture for detection of Bacteroides gingivalis. J Periodontol 1985:56: 32-40.
    • (1985) J Periodontol , vol.56 , pp. 32-40
    • Zambon, J.J.1    Reynolds, H.S.2    Chen, P.3    Genco, R.J.4
  • 245
    • 0019476088 scopus 로고
    • Black-pigmented Bacteroides spp. in the human oral cavity
    • Zambon JJ, Reynolds HS, Slots J. Black-pigmented Bacteroides spp. in the human oral cavity. Infect Immun 1981: 32: 198-203.
    • (1981) Infect Immun , vol.32 , pp. 198-203
    • Zambon, J.J.1    Reynolds, H.S.2    Slots, J.3
  • 246
    • 0025979766 scopus 로고
    • The postantibiotic effect: A review of in vitro and in vivo data
    • Zhanel GG, Hoban DJ, Harding GKM. The postantibiotic effect: a review of in vitro and in vivo data. DICP Ann Pharmacother 1991: 25: 155-163.
    • (1991) DICP Ann Pharmacother , vol.25 , pp. 155-163
    • Zhanel, G.G.1    Hoban, D.J.2    Harding, G.K.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.