The challenges of emerging infectious diseases: Development and spread of multiply-resistant bacterial pathogens

JAMA

Volumn 275, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 300-304

  Tenover, Fred C ^a   Hughes, James M ^a  

^a NATL CENTER FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; INFECTION; INFECTION CONTROL; LABORATORY TEST; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 0030071463     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.275.4.300     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Berkelman R, Bryan RT, Osterholm MT, et al. Infectious disease surveillance: a crumbling foundation. Science. 1994;64:368-370.
2. Cohen M. Epidemiology of drug resistance: implications for a post-antimicrobial era. Science. 1992; 257:1050-1055.
3. Lederberg J, Shope RE, Oaks SC Jr, eds. Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1992.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats: A Prevention Strategy for the United States. Atlanta, Ga: US Dept of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 1994.
5. Abraham EP, Chain E. An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin. Nature, 1940;146:837-839-
6. Kirby WMM. Extraction of a highly potent penicillin inactivator from penicillin-resistant staphylococci. Science. 1944;99:452-455.
7. Gardner P, Smith DH, Beer H, et al. Recovery of resistance (R) factors from a drug-free community. Lancet. 1968;2:407-409.
8. Akiba T, Koyama K, Ishiki Y, et al. On the mechanism of the development of multiple drug resistant clones of Shigella. Jpn J Microbiol. 1960;4219-222.
9. Tenover FC. Novel and emerging mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens. Am J Med 1991;91(suppl 3B):76S-81S.
10. Neu HC. The crisis in antibiotic resistance. Science. 1992;57:1064-1073.
11. Murray BM. New aspects of antimicrobial resistance and the resulting therapeutic dilemmas. J Infect Dis. 1991;163:1185-1194.
12. Phillips I. Beta-lactamase producing penicillin-resistant gonococcus. Lancet 1976;2:656-657.
13. Elwell LP, deGraaff J, Seibert D, et al. Plasmid-linked ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae type b. Infect Immun. 1975;12:404410.
14. Neu HC. The new beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporins. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:408-419.
15. Neu HC. Quinolones: an overview. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis. 1990;13:195-196.
16. Lyytikäinen O, Köljalg S, Härmä M, et al. Outbreak caused by two multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clones in a burns unit: emergence of resistance to imipenem. J Hosp Infect. 1995;31:41-54.
17. Simpson IN, Finlay J, Winstanley DJ, et al. Multi-resistance isolates possessing chacteristics of both Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia and Burkhoideria gladioli from patients with cystic fibrosis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1994;34:353-361.
18. Edmond MB, Ober JF, Weinbaum DL, et al. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, bacteremia: risk factors for infection. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20:1126-1133.
19. Travis T. Reviving the antibiotic miracle? Science. 1994;264:360-362.
20. Gootz TD. Discovery and development of new antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1990;3:13-31.
21. Bush K, Jacoby GA, Medeiros AA. A functional classification scheme for β-lactamases and its correlation with molecular structure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995;39:1211-1233.
22. Knothe H, Shah P, Kremery V, et al. Transferable resistance to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefamandole, and cefuroxime in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens. Infection. 1883;11:315-317.
23. Phillipon A, Labia R, Jacoby G. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989;33:1131-1136.
24. Jacoby GA, Medeiros AA. More extended spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemather. 1991;35:1697-1704.
25. Sougakoff W, Goussard S, Gerbaud G, et al. Plasmid-mediated resistance to third generation cephalosporins caused by point mutations in TEM-type penicillinase genes. Rev Infect Dis. 1988;10:879-884.
26. Koy C, Segura C, Tirado M, et al. Frequency of plasmid-determined beta-lactamases in 680 consecutively isolated strains of Enterobacteriaceae. Eur J Clin Microbiol. 1985;4:146-147.
27. Meyer KS, Urban C, Eagan JA, et al. Nosocomial outbreak of Klebsiella infection resistant to late-generation cephalosporins. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:353-358.
28. Rice LB, Willey SH, Papanicolaou GA, et al. Outbreak of ceftazidime resistance caused by extended spectrum β-lactamases at a Massachusetts chronic-care facility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990;34:2193-2199.
29. Burwen DR, Banerjee SN, Gaynes RP, et al. Ceftazidime resistance among selected nosocomial gram-negative bacilli in the United States. J Infect Dis. 1994;170:1622-1625.
30. Nikaido H. Outer membrane barrier as a mechanism of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989;33:1831-1836.
31. Telenti A, Imboden P, Marchesi F, et al. Detection of rifampicin-resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lancet. 1993;41:047-650.
32. DeFlaun MF, Levy SB. Genes and their varied hosts. In: Levy SB, Miller RV, eds. Gene Transfer in the Environment, New York, NY: McGraw Hill Publishing; 1991:1-32.
33. Clewell DB, Gawron-Burke C. Conjugative transposons and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in streptococci. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1986; 40:635-659.
34. Trieu-Cuot P, Gerbaud G, Lambert T, et al. In vivo transfer of genetic information between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EMBO J. 1985; 4:3583-3587.
35. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nosocomial enterococci resistant to vancomycin - United States, 1989-1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1993;42:597-599.
36. Murray BE, Mederski-Samoraj B, Foster SK, et al. In vitro studies of plasmid-mediated penicillinase from Streptococcus faecalis suggesta staphylococcal origin. J Clin Invest. 1986;77:289-293.
37. Kaufhold A, Podbielski A, Horaud T, et al. Identical genes confer high-level resistance to gentamicin upon Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992;36:1215-1218.
38. Handwerger S, Raucher B, Altarac D, et al. Nosocomial outbreak due to Enterococcus faecium highly resistant to vancomycin, penicillin, and gentamicin. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;16:750-755.
39. Montecalvo MA, Horowitz H, Gedris C, et al. Outbreak of vancomycin-, ampicillin-, and aminoglycoside-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia in an adult oncology unit. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994;38:1363-1367.
40. Ounissi H, Derlot E, Carlier C, et al. Gene homogeneity of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in gram-positive cocci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990;34:2164-2168.
41. Arthur M, Courvalin P. Genetics and mechanisms of glycopeptide resistance in enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993;37:1563-1571.
42. Navarro F, Courvalin P. Analysis of genes encoding D-alanine-D-alanine ligase-related enzymes in Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus flavescens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994;38: 1788-1793.
43. Davies J. Inactivation of antibiotics and the dissemination of resistance genes. Science. 1994; 264:375-382.
44. Noble WC, Virani Z, Cree RGA. Co-transfer of vancomycin and other resistance genes from Enterococcus faecalis NCTC12201 to Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1992;93:195-198.
45. Hackbarth CJ, Chambers HE. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci: genetics and mechanisms of resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989; 33:991-994.
46. American Society for Microbiology. Report of the ASM Task Force on Antibiotic Resistance. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1995.
47. MeGowan JE Jr, Hall EC, Parrott PL. Antimicrobial susceptibility in gram-negative bacteremia: are nosocomial isolates really more resistant? Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989;33:1855-1859.
48. McCaig LF, Hughes JM. Trends in antimicrobial drug prescribing among office-based physicians in the United States. JAMA. 1995;273:214-219.
49. Gonzales R, Sande M. What will it take to stop physicians from prescribing antibiotics in acute bronchitis? Lancet. 1995;345:665-666.
50. Klugman K. Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1990;3:171-196.
51. Hofmann J, Cetron MS, Farley MM, et al. The prevalence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Atlanta. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:481-486.
52. Reichler MR, Allphin AA, Breiman RF, et al. The spread of multiply resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae at a day care center in Ohio. J Infect Dis. 1992;166:1346-1353.
53. Infante-Rivard C, Fernandez A. Otitis media in children: frequency, risk factors, and research avenues. Epidemiol Rev. 1993;15:444-465.
54. Sloas MM, Barrett FF, Chesney PJ, et al. Cephalosporin treatment failure in penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1992;11:662-666.
55. Tenover FC, Swenson JM, O'Hara CM, Stocker SA. Ability of commercial and reference antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to detect vancomycin resistance in enterococci. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33:1524-1527.
56. Swenson JM, Clark NC, Ferraro MJ, et al. Development of a standardized screening method for detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32:1700-1704.
57. Katsanis GP, Spargo J, Ferraro MJ, Sutton L, Jacoby GA. Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32: 691-696.
58. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically-Third Edition: Approved Standard, M7-A3. Villanova, Pa: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards; December 1993.
59. Food and Drug Administration. Anti-infective agent, biologics, and vaccines approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research in 1993. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994;38:908.
60. Mossinghoff GJ. FDA approves fewer pharmaceutical products in 1994 with approval of 22 new drugs and one biotech medicine. In: New Drug Approvals in 1994. Washington, DC: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America; 1995:1-5.
61. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1995;16:105-113.
62. Tomasz A. Multiple-antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria: a report on the Rockefeller University Workshop. N Engl J Med. 1994;30:1247-1251.
63. US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. Impacts of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria. Washington, DC: US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment; September 1995.