Comparison of chemical dehydration and critical point drying for the stabilization and visualization of aging biofilm present on interior surfaces of PVC distribution pipe

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

Volumn 80, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 225-232

  Carr, J H ^a   Anderson, R L ^b   Favero, M S ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR EMERGING AND ZOONOTIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^b Centers for Discase Control and Prereiitiun   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

POLYVINYLCHLORIDE;

ARTICLE; BIOFILM; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEHYDRATION; NONHUMAN; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

PSEUDOMONAS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA;

EID: 0030070927     PISSN: 00218847     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03214.x     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Alberts, B., Bray, D., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K. and Watson, J.I), (ed.) (1994) How cells are studied. In Molecular Biology of the Cell. pp. 139-156. New York, NY : Garland Publishing.
2. Aldrich, H.C. and Todd, JAY. (1986) lltrastniclure Techniques jor Microorganisms. New York, NY : Plenum Press.
3. Anderson, R.I.., Bcrkclman, R.L., Mackel, D.C., Davis, B.J., Holland, BAY. and Martone, \V.J. (1984) Investigations into the survival of Pseiidomonas aeruginosa in poloxamer-iodine. Applied and Eircirnnmental Microbiology 47, 757-762.
4. Anderson, R.L., Holland, BAY., Carr, J.H., Bond, WAY. and Favero, M.S. (1990a) Effect of disinfectants on pseudomonads colonized on the interior surface of P\ C". pipes. American Journal of Public Health 80, 17-21.
5. Anderson, R.L., Yess, RAY., Panlilio, A.L. and Favero, M.S. (199()b) Prolonged survival of Pseiidomonas cepacia in commercially manufactured povidone-iodine. Applied and Eircironit'iital Microbiology 56, 3598-3600.
6. Anwar, H., Strap, J.L. and Costerton, J.\Y. (1992) Susceptibility of biofilm cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to bactericidal actions of whole blood and serum. Federation of European Microbiology Ecl/m-92, 235-242.
7. Bennet, U.S. (1963) Morphological aspects of extracellular pol\saccharides. Journal oj' Hislochemistry and Cytochemistry 11, 14 25.
8. Bray, D.F., Bagu, J. and Koegler, P. (1993) Comparison of HexamethydisilaJ.ane (HMDS), Peldri II, and Critical-Point drying methods for scanning electron microscopy of biological specimens. Microscopy Research and Technique 26, 489-495.
9. Characklis, W.C., Marshall, K.C. and McFeters, U.A. (1990) The microbial cell. In BioJUms ed. Characklis, \\.C. and Marshall, K.C. pp. 142 143. New York : John \Yile>.
10. Cohen, A.L. (1984) Critical point drying principle and procedures. In Preparation of Biological Specimens lor Scanning Electron Microscopy cd. Murphy, J.A. and Rooma, G.M. pp. 107 128. Scanning Electron Microscopy, Inc. A.MF O'Harc, IE.
11. Costerton, JAY., Damgaard, H.N. and Cheng, K.J. (1974) Cell envelope morphology of rumen bacteria. Journal of' liaclerinlogy 118, 1132-1143.
12. Costerton, JAY., Irvin, R.T. and Cheng, K.J. (1981) 'Ehe bacterial glycocalyx in nature and disease, .-liiititiil Rctieir Microbiology 35, 299-324.
13. Costerton, JAY., Nickel, J.C. and Marrie, T.J. (1985) Properties, problems and therapeutic progress. The role of the bacterial glycocalyx and of the biofilm mode of growth in bacterial pathogenesis. In Roche Seminars on Bacteria ed. Moellenng, R.C. No. 2, pp. 1 25. Nutley, NJ : Hoffman-EaRoche, Inc.
14. Dasgupta, M.K. and Costerton, JAY. (1989) Significance of biofilmadherent bacterial microcolonies on Tenckhoff catheters of CAPD patients. Blood Purification 7(2-3), 144-155.
15. Diax-Blanco, J., Cla\\son, R.C., Roberson, S.M., Sanders, C.B., Pramanik, A.K. and Herbst, J.J. (1989) Electron microscopic evaluation of bacterial adherence to polyvinyl chloride endotracheal tubes used in neonates. (Critical Care Medicine 17(12), 1335 1340.
16. Ernst, J.I). (1991) Annexin II translocates to the periphagosomal region when neutrophils ingest opsonixed \east. Journal o/'Immunology 146(9), 3110 3114.
17. Gibbons, R.J. and \anltoute, J. (1975) Bacterial adherence in oral microbiology ecology. .-Innual Rei'ieir oj'Microbiology 29, 19 44.
18. Hayat, M.A. (ed.) (1975) Positive Staining Jor Electron Microscopy. p. 91. New York : \an Nostrand-Reinhold.
19. Hayat, M.A. (ed.) (1981) Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy. Biological Applications. Vol. 1, 2nd edn. Baltimore: University Park Press.
20. Hook, G.R. and Odeyale, C.O. (1989) Confocal scanning fluorescence microscopy : a new method of phagocytosis research. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 45, 277-282.
21. LeChevallier, M.W., Cawthon, CD. and Lee, R.G. (1988) Inactivation of biofilm bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54, 2492-2499.
22. Luft, J.H. (1971a) Ruthenium red and violet I. Chemistry, purification methods of use for electron microscopy and mechanism of action. Anatomical Record 171, 347-368.
23. Luft, J.H. (1971b) Ruthenium red and violet II. Fine structural localization in animal issues. Anatomical Record 171, 369-416.
24. Marie, T.J. and Costerton, J.W. (1981) Prolonged survival of Serratia marcescens in chlorhexidine. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 42, 1093-1102.
25. Marie, T.J., Noble, M.A. and Costerton, J.W. (1983) Examination of the morphology of bacteria adhering to peritoneal dialysis catheters by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 8, 1388-1398.
26. McCowan, R.R., Cheng, K.J. and Costerton, J.W. (1979) Colonization of a portion of the bovine tongue by unusual filamentous bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 37, 1224-1229.
27. Nation, J.L. (1983) A new method using hexamethyldisilazane for preparation of soft insect tissue for scanning electron microscopy. Stain Technology 58, 347-351.
28. Phillips, G., Hudson, S. and Stewart, W.K. (1994) Persistence of microflora in biofilm within fluid pathways of contemporary hemodialysis monitors (Gambro AK-10). Journal of Hospital Injection 21, 117-125.
29. Rutter, J.M., Burrows, M.R., Sellwood, R. and Gibbons, R.A. (1975) A genetic basis for resistance to enteric disease caused by Eschenchia coli. Nature (London) 257, 135-136.
30. Samuelson, J.C. and Caulfield, J.P. (1985) The cercarial glycocalyx of Shistosoma mansoni. Journal of Cell Biology 100(5), 1423-1434.
31. Sleytr, U.B. (1978) Regular arrays of macromolecules on bacterial cell walls : structure, chemistry, assembly, and function. International Review of Cytology 53, 1-62.
32. Springer, E.L. and Roth, I.L. (1973) The ultrastructure of capsules of Diplococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae stained with ruthenium red. Journal of General Microbiology 74, 21-23.
33. Sugarman, B. and Musher, D. (1981) Adherence of bacteria to suture materials. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 167, 156-160.
34. Sutherland, I.W. (1972) Bacterial exopolysaccharides. Advances in Microbial Physiology 8, 143-213.
35. Sutherland, I.W. (1977) Surface Carbohydrates of the Prokaryotic Cell ed. Sutherland, I.W. pp. 5-96. New York, NY : Academic Press.
36. Svanborg-Eden, C., Erikson, B., Jodal, U., Kaijser, B., Lidin, G., Linderg, U., Hanson, L.A. and Oiling, S. (1978) Adhesion to normal uroepithelial cells of Eschenchia coli from children with various forms of urinary tract infections. Journal oj Pediatrics 93, 398-403.
37. Vess, R.W., Anderson, R.L., Carr, J.H., Bond, W.W. and Favero, M.S. (1993) The colonization of solid PVC surfaces and the acquisition of resistance to germicides by water micro-organisms. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 74, 215-221.