Secular trends in long-term sustained hypertension, long-term treatment, and cardiovascular mortality: The Framingham Heart Study 1950 to 1990

Circulation

Volumn 93, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 697-703

  Sytkowski, Pamela A ^a,b,d   D'Agostino, Ralph B ^a,b   Belanger, Albert J ^a,b   Kannel, William B ^a,c  

^a FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY   (United States)

^b Boston University   (United States)

^c BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

cardiovascular diseases; hypertension; mortality; risk factors; trials

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CORONARY RISK; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0030070699     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.93.4.697     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The fifth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC V). Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:154-183.
2. Health, United States, 1990. Hyattsville, Md: Government Printing Office; 1991. DHHS publication 91-1232.
3. Morbidity and Mortality Chartbook on Cardiovascular, Lung and Blood Disease -1990. Bethesda, Md: Government Printing Office; 1990. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
4. Chobanian AV. Antihypertensive therapy in evolution. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:1701-1702.
5. Kannel WB. Epidemiology of essential hypertension: the Framingham experience. Proc R Coll Physicians (Edinburgh). 1991;21: 273-287.
6. Hall WD. Treatment of systolic hypertension. Heart Dis Stroke. 1992;1:271-273.
7. MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, Collins R, Sorlie P, Neaton J, Abbott R, Godwin J, Dyer A, Stamler J. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease, I: prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet. 1990;335:765-774.
8. Moser M. Management of hypertension in the elderly. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 1992;1:22-35.
9. Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S, Hebert P, Fiebach N, Eberlein KA, Godwin J, Qizilbash N, Taylor J, Hennekens CH. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease, II: short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomized drug trials in the epidemiologic context. Lancet. 1990;335:827-838.
10. Schulman SP, Weiss JL, Becker LC, Gottlieb SO, Woodruff KM, Weisfeldt ML, Gerstenblith G. The effects of antihypertensive therapy on left ventricular mass in elderly patients. N Engl J Med. 1990;332:1350-1356.
11. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by anti-hypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA. 1991;265:3255-3264.
12. Dahlof B, Lindholm LH, Hansson L, Scherstein B, Ekbom T, Wester P-O. Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Lancet. 1991; 338:1281-1285.
13. MRC Working Party. Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results. BMJ. 1992;304: 405-412.
14. Roberts J. Blood pressure of persons 18-74 years, United States, 1971-72: data from the National Health Survey (NHANES I). Vital Health Stat. 1975; No. 150. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 1975. US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare publication 75-1632.
15. Rowland M, Roberts J. Blood pressure levels and hypertension in persons aged 6-74 years: United States, 1976-80 (NHANES II). Vital Health Stat. 1982; No. 84. Washington. DC: Government Printing Office; 1982. US Dept of Health and Human Services publication 82-1250.
16. Drizd T, Dannenberg A, Engel A. Blood pressure levels in persons 18-74 years of age in 1976-80 and trends in blood pressure from 1960-1980. Vital Health Stat 1986; No. 234. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 1986. US Dept of Health and Human Services publication 86-1684.
17. Folsom AR, Luepker RV, Gillum RF, Jacobs DR, Prineas RJ, Taylor HL, Blackburn H. Improvement in hypertension detection and control from 1973-74 to 1980-81. JAMA. 1983;250:916-921.
18. Dawber TR. The Framingham Study: The Epidemiology of Atherosclerotic Disease. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 1980.
19. Cupples LA, D'Agostino RB. Some risk factors related to the annual incidence of cardiovascular disease and death using pooled repeated biennial measurements: Framingham Study, 30-year follow-up. In: Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Garrison RJ, eds. The Framingham Study: An Epidemiological Investigation of Cardiovascular Disease. Section 34. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 1987. NIH publication 87-2703.
20. Laboratory Methods Committee of the Lipid Research Clinics Program of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in scrum/plasma pairs. Clin Chem. 1977;23:60-63.
21. Feinleib M, Garrison RJ, Stallones L, Kannel WB, Castelli WP, McNamara PM. A comparison of blood pressure, total cholesterol and cigarette smoking in parents in 1950 and their children in 1970. Am J Epidemiol. 1979;110:291-303.
22. D'Agostino RB, Kannel WB. Epidemiological background and design: the Framingham Study. In: Gail MH, Johnson NL, eds. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association Sesquicentennial 1988-89. Alexandria, Va: American Statistical Association; 1989: 707-718.
23. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. London, UK: Lifetime Learning Publications; 1982.
24. Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc B. 1972;34: 187-220.
25. Hennekens CH, Satterfield S, Hebert P. Treatment of elevated blood pressure to prevent coronary heart disease. In: Higgins MW, Luepker RV, eds. Trends in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1988:103-108.
26. Shea S, Cook EF, Kannel WB, Goldman L. Treatment of hypertension and its effect on cardiovascular risk factors: data from the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1985;71:22-30.
27. Sytkowski PA, D'Agostino RB, Belanger A, Kannel WB. Gender and time trends in cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality: the Framingham Heart Study 1950-1989. Am J Epidemiol. In press.
28. Kannel WB, Wolf PA. Inferences from secular trend analysis of hypertension control. Am J Public Health. 1992;82:1593-1595.
29. Kannel WB, Dannenberg AL, Levy D. Population implications of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: Symposium on Hypertension: The Heart and Kidney. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60: 851-931.
30. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Mortality rates after 10.5 years for participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. JAMA. 1990;263:1795-1801.
31. D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB. Stroke risk profile adjustment for anti-hypertensive medications: the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1994;25:40-43.
32. Goldman L, Cook EF. The decline in ischemic heart disease mortality rates: an analysis of the comparative effects of medical interventions and changes in lifestyle. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:825-836.