메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 52-76

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships for benzodiazepines

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADINAZOLAM; ALFENTANIL; ALPRAZOLAM; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BROMAZEPAM; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; DIAZEPAM; FLUNITRAZEPAM; KETOCONAZOLE; LORAZEPAM; MACROLIDE; MIDAZOLAM; NITRAZEPAM; PROBENECID; PROGESTERONE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; TEMAZEPAM; TRIAZOLAM;

EID: 0030069622     PISSN: 03125963     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003088-199630010-00004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (97)

References (111)
  • 1
    • 0026878098 scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepines: Use, abuse, and consequences
    • Woods JH, Katz JL, Winger G. Benzodiazepines: use, abuse, and consequences. Pharmacol Rev 1992; 44: 151-347
    • (1992) Pharmacol Rev , vol.44 , pp. 151-347
    • Woods, J.H.1    Katz, J.L.2    Winger, G.3
  • 4
    • 0023177463 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic-effect models and their applications
    • Grevel J. Kinetic-effect models and their applications. Pharm Res 1987; 4: 86-91
    • (1987) Pharm Res , vol.4 , pp. 86-91
    • Grevel, J.1
  • 5
    • 0027194648 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic-dynamic modeling in clinical psychopharmacology
    • Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS. Kinetic-dynamic modeling in clinical psychopharmacology. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993; 13: 231-4
    • (1993) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.13 , pp. 231-234
    • Greenblatt, D.J.1    Harmatz, J.S.2
  • 6
    • 0025373724 scopus 로고
    • The use of kinetic-dynamic interactions in the evaluation of drugs
    • Campbell DB. The use of kinetic-dynamic interactions in the evaluation of drugs. Psychopharmacology 1990; 100: 433-50
    • (1990) Psychopharmacology , vol.100 , pp. 433-450
    • Campbell, D.B.1
  • 7
    • 0023921529 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of CNS drug effects: An overview
    • Dingemanse J, Danhof M, Breimer DD. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of CNS drug effects: an overview. Pharmacol Ther 1988; 38: 1-52
    • (1988) Pharmacol Ther , vol.38 , pp. 1-52
    • Dingemanse, J.1    Danhof, M.2    Breimer, D.D.3
  • 8
    • 0026737667 scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalogram effect measures and relationships between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of centrally acting drugs
    • Mandema JW, Danhof M. Electroencephalogram effect measures and relationships between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of centrally acting drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 1992; 23: 191-215
    • (1992) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.23 , pp. 191-215
    • Mandema, J.W.1    Danhof, M.2
  • 9
    • 0008271939 scopus 로고
    • Principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
    • Nemeroff CB, Schatzberg AF, editors. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press
    • Greenblatt DJ. Principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In: Nemeroff CB, Schatzberg AF, editors. The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychopharmacology. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press, 1995: 125-36
    • (1995) The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychopharmacology , pp. 125-136
    • Greenblatt, D.J.1
  • 10
    • 0026075902 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of anxiolytics and hypnotics in the elderly: Therapeutic considerations (Part II)
    • Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Shader RI. Clinical pharmacokinetics of anxiolytics and hypnotics in the elderly: therapeutic considerations (Part II). Clin Pharmacokinet 1991; 21: 262-73
    • (1991) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.21 , pp. 262-273
    • Greenblatt, D.J.1    Harmatz, J.S.2    Shader, R.I.3
  • 11
  • 12
    • 0023760578 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of norepinephrine appearance rate in plasma by diazepam in humans
    • Roy-Byrne PP, Lewis N, Villacres E, et al. Suppression of norepinephrine appearance rate in plasma by diazepam in humans. Life Sci 1988; 43: 1615-23
    • (1988) Life Sci , vol.43 , pp. 1615-1623
    • Roy-Byrne, P.P.1    Lewis, N.2    Villacres, E.3
  • 13
    • 0025827806 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the interaction between flumazenil and midazolam in volunteers by aperiodic EEG analysis
    • Breimer LTM, Burm AGL, Danhof M, et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the interaction between flumazenil and midazolam in volunteers by aperiodic EEG analysis. Clin Pharmacokinet 1991; 20: 497-508
    • (1991) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.20 , pp. 497-508
    • Breimer, L.T.M.1    Burm, A.G.L.2    Danhof, M.3
  • 14
    • 0027931014 scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing a benzodiazepine agonist (triazolam) from a nonagonist anxiolytic (buspirone) by electroencephalography: Kinetic-dynamic studies
    • Greenblatt DI, Harmatz JS, Gouthro TA, et al. Distinguishing a benzodiazepine agonist (triazolam) from a nonagonist anxiolytic (buspirone) by electroencephalography: kinetic-dynamic studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994; 56: 100-11
    • (1994) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.56 , pp. 100-111
    • Greenblatt, D.I.1    Harmatz, J.S.2    Gouthro, T.A.3
  • 16
    • 0024363861 scopus 로고
    • Adjusting for baseline: Change or percentage change
    • Kaiser L. Adjusting for baseline: change or percentage change. Stat Med 1989; 8: 1183-90
    • (1989) Stat Med , vol.8 , pp. 1183-1190
    • Kaiser, L.1
  • 17
    • 0025930316 scopus 로고
    • Adjusting for differential base rates: Lord's paradox again
    • Wainer H. Adjusting for differential base rates: Lord's paradox again. Psychol Bull 1991; 109: 147-51
    • (1991) Psychol Bull , vol.109 , pp. 147-151
    • Wainer, H.1
  • 18
    • 0020529025 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between plasma concentration and effect of midazolam after oral and intravenous administration
    • Crevoisier C, Ziegler WH, Eckert M, et al. Relationship between plasma concentration and effect of midazolam after oral and intravenous administration. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983; 16: 51S-61S
    • (1983) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.16
    • Crevoisier, C.1    Ziegler, W.H.2    Eckert, M.3
  • 19
    • 0027481389 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the relationship between structure and CNS effects for lorazepam, clonazepam and alprazolam
    • Ellinwood EH, Nikaido AM, Gupta SK, et al. Comparison of the relationship between structure and CNS effects for lorazepam, clonazepam and alprazolam. J Psychopharmacol 1993; 7: 24-32
    • (1993) J Psychopharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 24-32
    • Ellinwood, E.H.1    Nikaido, A.M.2    Gupta, S.K.3
  • 20
    • 0025901155 scopus 로고
    • The influence of dosage time of midazolam on its pharmacokinetics and effects in humans
    • Koopmans R, Dingemanse J, Danhof M, et al. The influence of dosage time of midazolam on its pharmacokinetics and effects in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991; 50: 16-24
    • (1991) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.50 , pp. 16-24
    • Koopmans, R.1    Dingemanse, J.2    Danhof, M.3
  • 21
    • 0027433140 scopus 로고
    • Acute tolerance to triazolam during continuous and step infusions: Estimation of the effect offset rate constant
    • Kroboth PD, Bertz RJ, Smith RB. Acute tolerance to triazolam during continuous and step infusions: estimation of the effect offset rate constant. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 264: 1047-55
    • (1993) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.264 , pp. 1047-1055
    • Kroboth, P.D.1    Bertz, R.J.2    Smith, R.B.3
  • 22
    • 0020315441 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of pharmacological response
    • Holford NHG, Sheiner LB. Kinetics of pharmacological response. Pharmacol Ther 1982; 16: 143-66
    • (1982) Pharmacol Ther , vol.16 , pp. 143-166
    • Holford, N.H.G.1    Sheiner, L.B.2
  • 23
    • 0019825066 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling
    • Colburn WA. Simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1981; 9: 367-88
    • (1981) J Pharmacokinet Biopharm , vol.9 , pp. 367-388
    • Colburn, W.A.1
  • 24
    • 0018394195 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous modeling of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: Application to d-tubocurarine
    • Sheiner LB, Stanski DR, Vozeh S, et al. Simultaneous modeling of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: application to d-tubocurarine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1979; 25: 358-71
    • (1979) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.25 , pp. 358-371
    • Sheiner, L.B.1    Stanski, D.R.2    Vozeh, S.3
  • 25
    • 0021263542 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous modeling of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with a nonparametric pharmacodynamic model
    • Fusea IE, Sheiner LB. Simultaneous modeling of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with a nonparametric pharmacodynamic model. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984; 35: 733-41
    • (1984) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.35 , pp. 733-741
    • Fusea, I.E.1    Sheiner, L.B.2
  • 26
    • 0025996762 scopus 로고
    • A system approach to pharmacodynamics, III: An algorithm and computer program 'COLAPS' for pharmacodynamic modelling
    • Veng-Pedersen P, Mandema JW, Danhof M. A system approach to pharmacodynamics, III: an algorithm and computer program 'COLAPS' for pharmacodynamic modelling. J Pharm Sci 1991; 80: 488-95
    • (1991) J Pharm Sci , vol.80 , pp. 488-495
    • Veng-Pedersen, P.1    Mandema, J.W.2    Danhof, M.3
  • 27
    • 0007923705 scopus 로고
    • Semiparametric approach to pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data
    • Verotta D, Beal SL, Sheiner LB. Semiparametric approach to pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data. Am J Physiol 1984; 256: R1005-10
    • (1984) Am J Physiol , vol.256
    • Verotta, D.1    Beal, S.L.2    Sheiner, L.B.3
  • 28
    • 0027484235 scopus 로고
    • Modeling of tolerance development and rebound effect during different intravenous administrations of morphine to rats
    • Ekblom M, Hammarlund-Udenaes M, Paalzow L. Modeling of tolerance development and rebound effect during different intravenous administrations of morphine to rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 266: 244-52
    • (1993) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.266 , pp. 244-252
    • Ekblom, M.1    Hammarlund-Udenaes, M.2    Paalzow, L.3
  • 29
  • 30
    • 9044229750 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of four basic models of indirect pharmacodynamic responses
    • Dayneka NL, Garg V, Jusko WJ. Comparison of four basic models of indirect pharmacodynamic responses. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1993; 19: 521-36
    • (1993) J Pharmacokinet Biopharm , vol.19 , pp. 521-536
    • Dayneka, N.L.1    Garg, V.2    Jusko, W.J.3
  • 31
    • 0027943266 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic indirect response models characterize diverse types of pharmacodynamic effects
    • Jusko WJ, Ko HC. Physiologic indirect response models characterize diverse types of pharmacodynamic effects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994; 56: 406-19
    • (1994) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.56 , pp. 406-419
    • Jusko, W.J.1    Ko, H.C.2
  • 32
    • 0028075942 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism-basad pharmacodynamic modeling
    • Levy G. Mechanism-basad pharmacodynamic modeling. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994; 56: 356-8
    • (1994) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.56 , pp. 356-358
    • Levy, G.1
  • 33
    • 0023491013 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics of triazolam after intravenous administration
    • Smith RB, Kroboth PD, Varner PD. Pharmacodynamics of triazolam after intravenous administration. J Clin Pharmacol 1987; 27: 971-9
    • (1987) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.27 , pp. 971-979
    • Smith, R.B.1    Kroboth, P.D.2    Varner, P.D.3
  • 34
    • 0023878142 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory and cardiovascular effects in relation to plasma levels of midazolam and diazepam
    • Sunzel M, Paalzow L, Berggren L, et al. Respiratory and cardiovascular effects in relation to plasma levels of midazolam and diazepam. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 25: 561-9
    • (1988) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.25 , pp. 561-569
    • Sunzel, M.1    Paalzow, L.2    Berggren, L.3
  • 35
    • 0024556550 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and electroencephalographic study of intravenous diazepam, midazolam, and placebo
    • Greenblatt DJ, Ehrenberg BL, Gunderman J, et al. Pharmacokinetic and electroencephalographic study of intravenous diazepam, midazolam, and placebo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989; 45: 356-65
    • (1989) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.45 , pp. 356-365
    • Greenblatt, D.J.1    Ehrenberg, B.L.2    Gunderman, J.3
  • 36
    • 0024336476 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic and dynamic study of intravenous lorazepam: Comparisom with intravenous drazepam
    • Greenblatt DJ, Ehrenberg BL, Gunderman J, et al. Kinetic and dynamic study of intravenous lorazepam: comparisom with intravenous drazepam. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989; 250: 134-40
    • (1989) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.250 , pp. 134-140
    • Greenblatt, D.J.1    Ehrenberg, B.L.2    Gunderman, J.3
  • 37
    • 0025351058 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of the EEG effect of midazulam by aperiodic analysis in volunteers: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling
    • Breimer LTM, Hennis PJ, Burm AGL, et al. Quantification of the EEG effect of midazulam by aperiodic analysis in volunteers: pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling. Clin Pharmacokinet 1990; 18: 245-53
    • (1990) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.18 , pp. 245-253
    • Breimer, L.T.M.1    Hennis, P.J.2    Burm, A.G.L.3
  • 38
    • 0025204233 scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalographic effects of benzodiazepines. II: Pharmacodynamic modeling of the electroencephalographic effects of midazolam and diazepam
    • Bührer M, Maitre PO, Crevoisier C, et al. Electroencephalographic effects of benzodiazepines. II: Pharmacodynamic modeling of the electroencephalographic effects of midazolam and diazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990; 48: 555-67
    • (1990) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.48 , pp. 555-567
    • Bührer, M.1    Maitre, P.O.2    Crevoisier, C.3
  • 39
    • 0026569770 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacology of adinazolam and N-desmethyladinazolam mesylate following single intravenous infusions of each compound in healthy volunteers
    • Fleishaker JC, Smith TC, Friedman H. Clinical pharmacology of adinazolam and N-desmethyladinazolam mesylate following single intravenous infusions of each compound in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 42: 287-94
    • (1992) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.42 , pp. 287-294
    • Fleishaker, J.C.1    Smith, T.C.2    Friedman, H.3
  • 40
    • 0029079408 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of triazolam after two intermittent doses in obese and normal-weight men
    • Derry CL, Kroboth PD, Pittenger AL, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of triazolam after two intermittent doses in obese and normal-weight men. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 15: 197-205
    • (1995) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 197-205
    • Derry, C.L.1    Kroboth, P.D.2    Pittenger, A.L.3
  • 41
    • 0029085756 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous modeling of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam and diazepam
    • Mould DR, DeFeo TM, Reele S, et al. Simultaneous modeling of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam and diazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 35: 35-43
    • (1995) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.35 , pp. 35-43
    • Mould, D.R.1    DeFeo, T.M.2    Reele, S.3
  • 42
    • 0023878391 scopus 로고
    • Relation of sedation and amnesia to plasma concentrations of midazolam in surgical patients
    • Persson MP, Nilsson A, Hartvig P. Relation of sedation and amnesia to plasma concentrations of midazolam in surgical patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1988; 43: 324-31
    • (1988) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.43 , pp. 324-331
    • Persson, M.P.1    Nilsson, A.2    Hartvig, P.3
  • 43
    • 0026328414 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and dynamic correlates of intravenus alprazolam challenge
    • Osman OT, DeVane CL, Greenblatt DJ, et al. Pharmacokinetic and dynamic correlates of intravenus alprazolam challenge. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991; 50: 656-62
    • (1991) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.50 , pp. 656-662
    • Osman, O.T.1    DeVane, C.L.2    Greenblatt, D.J.3
  • 44
    • 0028290372 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam and flumazenil pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following simultaneous administration to human volunteers
    • Short TG, Young KK, Tan P, et al. Midazolam and flumazenil pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following simultaneous administration to human volunteers. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1994; 38: 350-6
    • (1994) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.38 , pp. 350-356
    • Short, T.G.1    Young, K.K.2    Tan, P.3
  • 45
    • 0017083139 scopus 로고
    • Blood levels and electroencephalographic effects of diazepam and bromazepam
    • Fink M, Irwin P, Weinfeld RE, et al. Blood levels and electroencephalographic effects of diazepam and bromazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1976; 20: 184-91
    • (1976) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.20 , pp. 184-191
    • Fink, M.1    Irwin, P.2    Weinfeld, R.E.3
  • 46
    • 0017694692 scopus 로고
    • Diazepam actions and plasma concentrations following ethanol ingestion
    • MacLeod SM, Giles HG, Patzalek G, et al. Diazepam actions and plasma concentrations following ethanol ingestion. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1977; 11: 345-9
    • (1977) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.11 , pp. 345-349
    • MacLeod, S.M.1    Giles, H.G.2    Patzalek, G.3
  • 47
    • 0019481389 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between peak velocity of saccadic eye movements and serum benzodiazepine concentration
    • Bittencourt PRM, Wade P, Smith AT, et al. The relationship between peak velocity of saccadic eye movements and serum benzodiazepine concentration. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 12: 523-33
    • (1981) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 523-533
    • Bittencourt, P.R.M.1    Wade, P.2    Smith, A.T.3
  • 48
    • 0020662361 scopus 로고
    • Profile of acute tolerance to three sedative anxiolytics
    • Ellinwood EH, Linnoila M, Easler MF, et al. Profile of acute tolerance to three sedative anxiolytics. Psychopharmacology 1983; 79: 137-41
    • (1983) Psychopharmacology , vol.79 , pp. 137-141
    • Ellinwood, E.H.1    Linnoila, M.2    Easler, M.F.3
  • 49
    • 0020578034 scopus 로고
    • Triazolam concentration-effect relationships in healthy subjects
    • Baktir G, Fisch HU, Huguenin P, et al. Triazolam concentration-effect relationships in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1983; 34: 195-201
    • (1983) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.34 , pp. 195-201
    • Baktir, G.1    Fisch, H.U.2    Huguenin, P.3
  • 50
    • 0021345283 scopus 로고
    • Effects of oral contraceptives on diazepam-induced psychomotor impairment
    • Ellinwood EH, Easler ME, Linnoila M, et al. Effects of oral contraceptives on diazepam-induced psychomotor impairment. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984; 35: 360-6
    • (1984) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.35 , pp. 360-366
    • Ellinwood, E.H.1    Easler, M.E.2    Linnoila, M.3
  • 51
    • 0021721450 scopus 로고
    • Driving performance under the influence of drugs: Rationale for, and application of, a new test
    • O'Hanlon JF. Driving performance under the influence of drugs: rationale for, and application of, a new test. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 18: 121S-129S
    • (1984) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.18
    • O'Hanlon, J.F.1
  • 52
    • 0021829361 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of the clinical pharmacodynamics of loprazolam with serum concentration
    • Stevens LA, Pidgen AW, Bevan CD, et al. Correlation of the clinical pharmacodynamics of loprazolam with serum concentration. Xenobiotica 1985; 15: 623-31
    • (1985) Xenobiotica , vol.15 , pp. 623-631
    • Stevens, L.A.1    Pidgen, A.W.2    Bevan, C.D.3
  • 53
    • 0021889189 scopus 로고
    • Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lorazepam, alprazolam and diazepam
    • Ellinwood EH, Heatherly DG, Nikaido AM, et al. Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lorazepam, alprazolam and diazepam. Psychopharmacology 1985; 86: 392-9
    • (1985) Psychopharmacology , vol.86 , pp. 392-399
    • Ellinwood, E.H.1    Heatherly, D.G.2    Nikaido, A.M.3
  • 54
    • 0023151953 scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepine pharmacodynamics: Evidence for biophase rate limiting mechanisms
    • Ellinwood EH, Nikaido AM, Heatherly DG, et al. Benzodiazepine pharmacodynamics: evidence for biophase rate limiting mechanisms. Psychopharmacology 1987; 91: 168-74
    • (1987) Psychopharmacology , vol.91 , pp. 168-174
    • Ellinwood, E.H.1    Nikaido, A.M.2    Heatherly, D.G.3
  • 55
    • 0023230241 scopus 로고
    • Influence of dosing regimen on alprazolam and metabolite serum concentrations and tolerance to sedative and psychomotor effects
    • Smith RB, Kroboth PD. Influence of dosing regimen on alprazolam and metabolite serum concentrations and tolerance to sedative and psychomotor effects. Psychopharmacology 1987; 93: 105-12
    • (1987) Psychopharmacology , vol.93 , pp. 105-112
    • Smith, R.B.1    Kroboth, P.D.2
  • 56
    • 0023715753 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of midazolam effects on the human central nervous system
    • Koopmans R, Dingemanse J, Danhof M, et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of midazolam effects on the human central nervous system. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1988; 44: 14-22
    • (1988) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.44 , pp. 14-22
    • Koopmans, R.1    Dingemanse, J.2    Danhof, M.3
  • 57
    • 0024316110 scopus 로고
    • Adinazolam pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects following administration of 20-60 mg oral doses of its mesylate salt in healthy volunteers
    • Fleishaker JC, Phillips JP. Adinazolam pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects following administration of 20-60 mg oral doses of its mesylate salt in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology 1989; 99: 34-9
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , pp. 34-39
    • Fleishaker, J.C.1    Phillips, J.P.2
  • 58
    • 0024577377 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic determinants of dynamic differences among three benzodiazepine hypnotics
    • Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Engelhardt N, et al. Pharmacokinetic determinants of dynamic differences among three benzodiazepine hypnotics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46: 326-32
    • (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 326-332
    • Greenblatt, D.J.1    Harmatz, J.S.2    Engelhardt, N.3
  • 59
    • 0024991037 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous modeling of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of benzodiazepines, II: Triazolam
    • Gupta SK, Ellinwood EH, Nikaido AM, et al. Simultaneous modeling of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of benzodiazepines, II: Triazolam. Pharm Res 1990; 7: 570-6
    • (1990) Pharm Res , vol.7 , pp. 570-576
    • Gupta, S.K.1    Ellinwood, E.H.2    Nikaido, A.M.3
  • 60
    • 0025324309 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous modeling of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of benzodiazepines. 1: Lorazepam
    • Gupta SK, Ellinwood EH, Nikaido AM, et al. Simultaneous modeling of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of benzodiazepines. 1: Lorazepam. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1990; 18: 89-102
    • (1990) J Pharmacokinet Biopharm , vol.18 , pp. 89-102
    • Gupta, S.K.1    Ellinwood, E.H.2    Nikaido, A.M.3
  • 61
    • 0025273992 scopus 로고
    • Alprazolam in the elderly: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during multiple dosing
    • Kroboth PD, McAuley JW, Smith RB. Alprazolam in the elderly: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during multiple dosing. Psychopharmacology 1990; 100: 477-84
    • (1990) Psychopharmacology , vol.100 , pp. 477-484
    • Kroboth, P.D.1    McAuley, J.W.2    Smith, R.B.3
  • 62
    • 0025739314 scopus 로고
    • N-desmethyl-adinazolam pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects following administration of 10-50 mg oral doses in healthy volunteers
    • Fleishaker JC, Smith TC, Friedman H, et al. N-desmethyl-adinazolam pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects following administration of 10-50 mg oral doses in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology 1991; 105: 181-5
    • (1991) Psychopharmacology , vol.105 , pp. 181-185
    • Fleishaker, J.C.1    Smith, T.C.2    Friedman, H.3
  • 63
    • 0026011224 scopus 로고
    • Inter-and intra-individual variability in the concentration-effect (sedation) relationship of flunitrazepam
    • Grahnén S, Wennerlund B, Dahlström B, et al. Inter-and intra-individual variability in the concentration-effect (sedation) relationship of flunitrazepam. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 31: 89-92
    • (1991) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.31 , pp. 89-92
    • Grahnén, S.1    Wennerlund, B.2    Dahlström, B.3
  • 64
    • 0026503244 scopus 로고
    • Alprazolam in end-stage renal disease. II: Pharmacodynamics
    • Schmith VD, Piraino B, Smith RB, et al. Alprazolam in end-stage renal disease. II: Pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 51: 533-40
    • (1992) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.51 , pp. 533-540
    • Schmith, V.D.1    Piraino, B.2    Smith, R.B.3
  • 65
    • 0026668101 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral diazepam: Effect of dose, plasma concentration, and time
    • Friedman H, Greenblatt DJ, Peters GR, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral diazepam: effect of dose, plasma concentration, and time. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 52: 139-50
    • (1992) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.52 , pp. 139-150
    • Friedman, H.1    Greenblatt, D.J.2    Peters, G.R.3
  • 66
    • 0025861138 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the sensitivities of adaptive tracking, eye movement analysis, and visual analog lines to the effects of incremental doses of temazepam in healthy volunteers
    • van Steveninck AL, Schoemaker HC, Pieters MSM, et al. A comparison of the sensitivities of adaptive tracking, eye movement analysis, and visual analog lines to the effects of incremental doses of temazepam in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991; 50: 172-80
    • (1991) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.50 , pp. 172-180
    • Van Steveninck, A.L.1    Schoemaker, H.C.2    Pieters, M.S.M.3
  • 67
    • 0026492139 scopus 로고
    • Effects of temazepam on saccadic eye movements: Concentration-effect relationships in individual volunteers
    • van Steveninck AL, Verver S, Schoemaker HC, et al. Effects of temazepam on saccadic eye movements: concentration-effect relationships in individual volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 52: 402-8
    • (1992) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.52 , pp. 402-408
    • Van Steveninck, A.L.1    Verver, S.2    Schoemaker, H.C.3
  • 68
    • 0026544635 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between the concentration of temazepam in cerebrospinal fluid and sedation in man
    • Osborne GA, Badcock NR, McGrath PM, et al. The relationship between the concentration of temazepam in cerebrospinal fluid and sedation in man. Anaesthesia 1992; 47: 303-6
    • (1992) Anaesthesia , vol.47 , pp. 303-306
    • Osborne, G.A.1    Badcock, N.R.2    McGrath, P.M.3
  • 69
    • 0027193748 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive effects of β-adrenergic antagonists after single doses: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propanolol, atenolol, lorazepam, and placebo
    • Greenblatt DJ, Scavone JM, Harmatz JS, et al. Cognitive effects of β-adrenergic antagonists after single doses: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propanolol, atenolol, lorazepam, and placebo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993; 53: 577-84
    • (1993) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.53 , pp. 577-584
    • Greenblatt, D.J.1    Scavone, J.M.2    Harmatz, J.S.3
  • 70
    • 0028059368 scopus 로고
    • Effects of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of adinazolam in humans
    • Golden PL, Warner PE, Fleishaker JC, et al. Effects of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of adinazolam in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994; 56: 133-41
    • (1994) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.56 , pp. 133-141
    • Golden, P.L.1    Warner, P.E.2    Fleishaker, J.C.3
  • 71
    • 0028836861 scopus 로고
    • Orally administered progesterone enhances sensitivity to triazolam in postmenopausal woman
    • McAuley JW, Reynolds IJ, Kroboth FJ, et al. Orally administered progesterone enhances sensitivity to triazolam in postmenopausal woman. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 15: 3-11
    • (1995) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 3-11
    • McAuley, J.W.1    Reynolds, I.J.2    Kroboth, F.J.3
  • 72
    • 0028939239 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between clinical effect and concentrations of temazepam in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid
    • Moffat AC, Osborne GA, Badcock NR, et al. The relationship between clinical effect and concentrations of temazepam in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Anaesthesia 1995; 50: 3-8
    • (1995) Anaesthesia , vol.50 , pp. 3-8
    • Moffat, A.C.1    Osborne, G.A.2    Badcock, N.R.3
  • 73
    • 0030077245 scopus 로고
    • Triazolam biotransformation by human liver microsomes in vitro: Effects of metabolic inhibitors, and clinical confirmation of a predicted interaction with ketoconazole
    • In press
    • von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, et al. Triazolam biotransformation by human liver microsomes in vitro: effects of metabolic inhibitors, and clinical confirmation of a predicted interaction with ketoconazole. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. In press, 1995
    • (1995) J Pharmacol Exp Ther
    • Von Moltke, L.L.1    Greenblatt, D.J.2    Harmatz, J.S.3
  • 74
    • 0023165027 scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepine receptor occupancy in vivo: Correlation with brain concentrations and pharmacodynamic actions
    • Miller LG, Greenblatt DJ, Paul SM, et al. Benzodiazepine receptor occupancy in vivo: correlation with brain concentrations and pharmacodynamic actions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987; 240: 516-22
    • (1987) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.240 , pp. 516-522
    • Miller, L.G.1    Greenblatt, D.J.2    Paul, S.M.3
  • 75
    • 0025051493 scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepine concentrations in brain directly reflect receptor occupancy: Studies of diazepam, lorazepam, and oxazepam
    • Greenblatt DJ, Sethy VH. Benzodiazepine concentrations in brain directly reflect receptor occupancy: studies of diazepam, lorazepam, and oxazepam. Psychopharmacology 1990; 102: 373-8
    • (1990) Psychopharmacology , vol.102 , pp. 373-378
    • Greenblatt, D.J.1    Sethy, V.H.2
  • 76
    • 0026050401 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the EEG effects of benzodiazepines. Correlation with receptor binding and anticonvulsant activity
    • Mandema JW, Sansom LN, Dios-Vieitez MC, et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the EEG effects of benzodiazepines. Correlation with receptor binding and anticonvulsant activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991; 257: 472-8
    • (1991) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.257 , pp. 472-478
    • Mandema, J.W.1    Sansom, L.N.2    Dios-Vieitez, M.C.3
  • 77
    • 0026502975 scopus 로고
    • Differences in intrinsic efficacy of benzodiazepines are reflected in their concentration-EEG effect relationship
    • Mandema JW, Kuck MT, Danhof M. Differences in intrinsic efficacy of benzodiazepines are reflected in their concentration-EEG effect relationship. Br J Pharmacol 1992; 105: 164-70
    • (1992) Br J Pharmacol , vol.105 , pp. 164-170
    • Mandema, J.W.1    Kuck, M.T.2    Danhof, M.3
  • 78
    • 0026513875 scopus 로고
    • In vivo characterization of the pharmacodynamic interaction of benzodiazepine agonist and antagonist: Midazolam and flumazenil
    • Mandema JW, Tukker E, Danhof M. In vivo characterization of the pharmacodynamic interaction of benzodiazepine agonist and antagonist: midazolam and flumazenil. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 260: 36-44
    • (1992) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.260 , pp. 36-44
    • Mandema, J.W.1    Tukker, E.2    Danhof, M.3
  • 79
    • 0026755623 scopus 로고
    • In vivo modeling of the pharmacodynamic interaction between benzodiazepines which differ in intrinsic efficacy
    • Mandema JW, Kuck MT, Danhof M. In vivo modeling of the pharmacodynamic interaction between benzodiazepines which differ in intrinsic efficacy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 261: 56-61
    • (1992) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.261 , pp. 56-61
    • Mandema, J.W.1    Kuck, M.T.2    Danhof, M.3
  • 80
    • 0023714970 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic modelling of the anticonvulsant response of oxazepam in rats using the pentylenetetrazole threshold concentration as pharmacodynamic measure
    • Dingemanse J, Sollie FAE, Breimer DD, et al. Pharmacokinetic modelling of the anticonvulsant response of oxazepam in rats using the pentylenetetrazole threshold concentration as pharmacodynamic measure. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1988; 16: 203-28
    • (1988) J Pharmacokinet Biopharm , vol.16 , pp. 203-228
    • Dingemanse, J.1    Sollie, F.A.E.2    Breimer, D.D.3
  • 81
    • 0024341820 scopus 로고
    • Relation between receptor occupancy and anticonvulsant effect of flunitrazepam in rats
    • Hollander-Jansen M, Dingemanse J, Langemeijer MWE, et al. Relation between receptor occupancy and anticonvulsant effect of flunitrazepam in rats. Pharm Res 1989; 6: 585-91
    • (1989) Pharm Res , vol.6 , pp. 585-591
    • Hollander-Jansen, M.1    Dingemanse, J.2    Langemeijer, M.W.E.3
  • 82
    • 0025023472 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the anticonvulsant effect of oxazepam in individual rats
    • Dingemanse J, Voskuyl RA, Langemeijer MWE, et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the anticonvulsant effect of oxazepam in individual rats. Br J Pharmacol 1990; 99: 53-8
    • (1990) Br J Pharmacol , vol.99 , pp. 53-58
    • Dingemanse, J.1    Voskuyl, R.A.2    Langemeijer, M.W.E.3
  • 83
    • 0028234734 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the pharmacodynamics of several antiepileptic drugs in a direct cortical stimulation model of anticonvulsant effect in the rat
    • Hoogerkamp A, Vis PW, Danhof M, et al. Characterization of the pharmacodynamics of several antiepileptic drugs in a direct cortical stimulation model of anticonvulsant effect in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 269: 521-8
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.269 , pp. 521-528
    • Hoogerkamp, A.1    Vis, P.W.2    Danhof, M.3
  • 84
    • 0023769910 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam in the enflurane-anesthetized dog
    • Hall RI, Szlam F, Hug CC. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam in the enflurane-anesthetized dog. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1988; 16: 251-62
    • (1988) J Pharmacokinet Biopharm , vol.16 , pp. 251-262
    • Hall, R.I.1    Szlam, F.2    Hug, C.C.3
  • 85
    • 0027397814 scopus 로고
    • Effect of midazolam infusion and flumazenil administration on epinephrine arrhythmogenicity in dogs anesthesized with halothane
    • Court MH, Dodman NH, Greenblatt DJ, et al. Effect of midazolam infusion and flumazenil administration on epinephrine arrhythmogenicity in dogs anesthesized with halothane. Anesthesiology 1993; 78: 155-62
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.78 , pp. 155-162
    • Court, M.H.1    Dodman, N.H.2    Greenblatt, D.J.3
  • 87
    • 0016153822 scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of diazepam and of its metabolite N-desmethyldiazepam in relation to anxiolytic effect
    • Dasberg HH, van der Kleijn E, Guelen PJR, et al. Plasma concentrations of diazepam and of its metabolite N-desmethyldiazepam in relation to anxiolytic effect. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1973; 15: 473-83
    • (1973) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.15 , pp. 473-483
    • Dasberg, H.H.1    Van Der Kleijn, E.2    Guelen, P.J.R.3
  • 88
    • 0027247775 scopus 로고
    • Plasma alprazolam concentrations. Relation to efficacy and side effects in the treatment of panic disorder
    • Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Shader RI. Plasma alprazolam concentrations. Relation to efficacy and side effects in the treatment of panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50: 715-22
    • (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 715-722
    • Greenblatt, D.J.1    Harmatz, J.S.2    Shader, R.I.3
  • 89
    • 0026069189 scopus 로고
    • Alprazolam levels and response in panic disorder: Preliminary results
    • Wincor MZ, Munjack DJ, Palmer R. Alprazolam levels and response in panic disorder: preliminary results. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991; 11: 48-51
    • (1991) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.11 , pp. 48-51
    • Wincor, M.Z.1    Munjack, D.J.2    Palmer, R.3
  • 90
    • 0022636251 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of alprazolam following single and multiple oral doses in patients with panic disorder
    • Ciraulo DA, Barnhill JG, Boxenbaum HG, et al. Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of alprazolam following single and multiple oral doses in patients with panic disorder. J Clin Pharmacol 1986; 26: 292-8
    • (1986) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.26 , pp. 292-298
    • Ciraulo, D.A.1    Barnhill, J.G.2    Boxenbaum, H.G.3
  • 91
    • 0025257229 scopus 로고
    • The relation of alprazolam dose to steady-state plasma concentrations
    • Ciraulo DA, Antal EJ, Smith RB, et al. The relation of alprazolam dose to steady-state plasma concentrations. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990; 10: 27-32
    • (1990) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 27-32
    • Ciraulo, D.A.1    Antal, E.J.2    Smith, R.B.3
  • 92
    • 0026737964 scopus 로고
    • Alprazolam plasma concentrations and treatment response in panic disorder and agoraphobia
    • Lesser IM, Lydiard B, Antal E, et al. Alprazolam plasma concentrations and treatment response in panic disorder and agoraphobia. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149: 1556-62
    • (1992) Am J Psychiatry , vol.149 , pp. 1556-1562
    • Lesser, I.M.1    Lydiard, B.2    Antal, E.3
  • 93
    • 0024475003 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam following single and multiple oral doses of a sustained-release formulation
    • Fleishaker JC, Phillips JP, Eller MG, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam following single and multiple oral doses of a sustained-release formulation. J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 29: 543-9
    • (1989) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.29 , pp. 543-549
    • Fleishaker, J.C.1    Phillips, J.P.2    Eller, M.G.3
  • 94
    • 0021674421 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam after oral and IV administration
    • Smith RB, Kroboth PD, Vanderlugt JT, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam after oral and IV administration. Psychopharmacology 1984; 84: 452-6
    • (1984) Psychopharmacology , vol.84 , pp. 452-456
    • Smith, R.B.1    Kroboth, P.D.2    Vanderlugt, J.T.3
  • 95
    • 0023907004 scopus 로고
    • Tolerance to alprazolam after intravenous bolus and continuous infusion: Psychomotor and EEG effects
    • Kroboth PD, Smith RB. Tolerance to alprazolam after intravenous bolus and continuous infusion: psychomotor and EEG effects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1988; 43: 270-7
    • (1988) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.43 , pp. 270-277
    • Kroboth, P.D.1    Smith, R.B.2
  • 96
    • 0026611310 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the central nervous system effects of midazolam and its main metabolite α-hydroxymidazolam in healthy volunteers
    • Mandema JW, Tuk B, van Steveninck AL, et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the central nervous system effects of midazolam and its main metabolite α-hydroxymidazolam in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 51: 715-28
    • (1992) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.51 , pp. 715-728
    • Mandema, J.W.1    Tuk, B.2    Van Steveninck, A.L.3
  • 97
    • 0026058369 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the EEG effects of midazolam in individual rats: Influence of rate and route of administration
    • Mandema JW, Tukker E, Danhof M. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the EEG effects of midazolam in individual rats: influence of rate and route of administration. Br J Pharmacol 1991; 102: 663-8
    • (1991) Br J Pharmacol , vol.102 , pp. 663-668
    • Mandema, J.W.1    Tukker, E.2    Danhof, M.3
  • 98
    • 0029013335 scopus 로고
    • Time-dependent sensitization to triazolam? An observation in three studies
    • Kroboth PD, McAuley JW, Derry CL. Time-dependent sensitization to triazolam? An observation in three studies. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 15: 192-6
    • (1995) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 192-196
    • Kroboth, P.D.1    McAuley, J.W.2    Derry, C.L.3
  • 100
    • 0023078211 scopus 로고
    • Effect of age, body composition, and lipid solubility on benzodiazepine tissue distribution in rats
    • Scavone JM, Friedman H, Greenblatt DJ, et al. Effect of age, body composition, and lipid solubility on benzodiazepine tissue distribution in rats. Arztneim Forsch 1987; 37: 2-6
    • (1987) Arztneim Forsch , vol.37 , pp. 2-6
    • Scavone, J.M.1    Friedman, H.2    Greenblatt, D.J.3
  • 101
    • 0025352882 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic and dynamic components of increased benzodiazepine sensitivity in aging animals
    • Barnhill JG, Greenblatt DJ, Miller LG, et al. Kinetic and dynamic components of increased benzodiazepine sensitivity in aging animals. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990; 253: 1153-61
    • (1990) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.253 , pp. 1153-1161
    • Barnhill, J.G.1    Greenblatt, D.J.2    Miller, L.G.3
  • 102
    • 0026738438 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic-EEG effect relationship of midazolam in aging BN/BiRij rats
    • Hovinga S, Stijnen AM, Langemeijer MWE, et al. Pharmacokinetic-EEG effect relationship of midazolam in aging BN/BiRij rats. Br J Pharmacol 1992; 107: 171-7
    • (1992) Br J Pharmacol , vol.107 , pp. 171-177
    • Hovinga, S.1    Stijnen, A.M.2    Langemeijer, M.W.E.3
  • 103
    • 0028896243 scopus 로고
    • Aging increases pharmacodynamic sensitivity to the hypnotic effects of midazolam
    • Jacobs JR, Reves JG, White WD, et al. Aging increases pharmacodynamic sensitivity to the hypnotic effects of midazolam. Anesthesiol Analg 1995; 80: 143-8
    • (1995) Anesthesiol Analg , vol.80 , pp. 143-148
    • Jacobs, J.R.1    Reves, J.G.2    White, W.D.3
  • 104
    • 0024447327 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary evidence of benzodiazepine subsensitivity in panic disorder
    • Roy-Byrne PP, Lewis N, Villacres E, et al. Preliminary evidence of benzodiazepine subsensitivity in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1989; 26: 744-8
    • (1989) Biol Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 744-748
    • Roy-Byrne, P.P.1    Lewis, N.2    Villacres, E.3
  • 106
    • 0020568333 scopus 로고
    • Repeated diazepam dosing in cirrhotic patients: Cumulation and sedation
    • Ochs HR, Greenblatt DJ, Eckardt B, et al. Repeated diazepam dosing in cirrhotic patients: cumulation and sedation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1983; 33: 471-6
    • (1983) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.33 , pp. 471-476
    • Ochs, H.R.1    Greenblatt, D.J.2    Eckardt, B.3
  • 107
    • 0027724292 scopus 로고
    • Triazolam in cirrhosis: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
    • Robin DW, Lee M, Hasan SS, et al. Triazolam in cirrhosis: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993; 54: 630-7
    • (1993) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.54 , pp. 630-637
    • Robin, D.W.1    Lee, M.2    Hasan, S.S.3
  • 108
    • 0023255595 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of the excessive sedative response of cirrhotics to benzodiazepines: Model experiments with triazolam
    • Bakti G, Fisch HU, Karlaganis G, et al. Mechanism of the excessive sedative response of cirrhotics to benzodiazepines: model experiments with triazolam. Hepatology 1987; 7: 629-38
    • (1987) Hepatology , vol.7 , pp. 629-638
    • Bakti, G.1    Fisch, H.U.2    Karlaganis, G.3
  • 109
    • 0025783432 scopus 로고
    • Alprazolam in end-stage renal disease. I: Pharmacokinetics
    • Schmith VD, Piraino B, Smith RB, et al. Alprazolam in end-stage renal disease. I: Pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 31: 571-9
    • (1991) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.31 , pp. 571-579
    • Schmith, V.D.1    Piraino, B.2    Smith, R.B.3
  • 110
    • 0029040872 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamic interaction between midazolam and a low dose of ethanol in vivo
    • Hoyo-Vadillo C, Mandema JW, Danhof M. Pharmacodynamic interaction between midazolam and a low dose of ethanol in vivo. Life Sci 1995; 57: 325-33
    • (1995) Life Sci , vol.57 , pp. 325-333
    • Hoyo-Vadillo, C.1    Mandema, J.W.2    Danhof, M.3
  • 111
    • 0024847290 scopus 로고
    • What is synergy?
    • Berenbaum MC. What is synergy? Pharmacol Rev 1989; 41: 93-141
    • (1989) Pharmacol Rev , vol.41 , pp. 93-141
    • Berenbaum, M.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.