Supplementary motor cortex in organization of movement

European Neurology

Volumn 36, Issue , 1996, Pages 13-19

  Tanji, Jun ^a   Shima, Keisetsu ^a  

^a TOHOKU UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cerebral cortex; Monkey; Motor control; Presupplementary motor area; Single cell activity; Supplementary motor area; Temporal sequence

Indexed keywords

BRAIN CORTEX; CONFERENCE PAPER; EYE MOVEMENT CONTROL; FRONTAL CORTEX; MOTOR CONTROL; MOTOR CORTEX; NONHUMAN; PREMOTOR CORTEX; PRIMATE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

BRAIN MAPPING; FUNCTIONAL LATERALITY; HUMANS; MOTOR CORTEX; MOVEMENT; NEURONS;

EID: 0030066626     PISSN: 00143022     EISSN: 14219913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000118878     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Penfield W, Welch K.: The supplementary motor area in the cerebral cortex of man. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 1949;74:179-185.
2. Pcnfield W, Welch K: The supplementary motor area of the cerebral cortex. A clinical and experimental study. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1951:66: 289-317.
3. Wise SP: The primate premotor cortex: Past, present, and preparatory. Annu Rev Neurosci 1985:8:1-19.
4. Wiesendangcr M: Recent developments in studies of the supplementary motor area of primates. Rev Physiol Biochcnt Pharmacol 1986:103:1-59.
5. Hepp-Rcymond M: Functional organization of motor cortex and its participation in voluntary movements: in Seklis J (ed): Comparative Primate Biology, vol 4. New York. Liss, 1988. pp 501-624.
6. Humphrey DR, Tanji J: What features of voluntary motor control arc encoded in the neuronal discharge of different cortical motor areas? in Humphrey DR. Freund HJ (eds): Motor Control: Concepts and Issues. Chichester. Wiley. 1991. pp 413-443.
7. Matelli M, Luppino G: Anatomo-funclional parcellation of the agranular f rontal cortex. Exp Brain Res 1992:(suppl 22) 85-102.
8. Porter R, Lemon R: Corticospinal Function and Voluntary Movement. Oxford. Clarendon. 1993.
9. Passingham RE: The Frontal Lobes and Voluntary Action. Oxford Psychol Series No. 21. Oxford. Oxford University Press. 1993.
10. Woolsey C Netal.: Pallernsoflocalization in pre-central and supplementary' motor areas and their relation to the concept of a premotor area. Res Publ Assoc Nerv Menl Dis 1952:30:238-264.
11. Woolscy CN: Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex. Biological and Biochemical Bases of Behavior. Madison. University of Wisconsin Press. 1958, pp 63-81.
12. Rizzolatti G, et al: Functional organization of inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey. II. Area F5 and the control of distal movements. Exp Brain Res 1988:71:491-507.
13. Wise SP, Desimone R: Behavioral neurophysiology: Insights into seeing and grasping. Science 1988;242:736-741.
14. Tanji J: The supplementary motor area in the cerebral cortex. Neurosci Res 1994;19:251-268.
15. Macpherson JM et al.: Microstimulation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the awake monkey. Exp Brain Res 1982:45:410-416.
16. Hummclsheim H et al.: Further investigations of the efferent linkage of the supplementary motor area (SMA) with the spinal cord in the monkey. Exp Brain Res 1986:65:75-82.
17. Dum RP, Strick PL: The origin of corticospinal projections from the premotor areas in the frontal lobe. J Neurosci 1991; 11:667-689.
18. Alexander GE, Crutcher MD: Preparation for movement: Neural representations of intended direction in three motor areas of the monkey. J Neurophysiol 1990;64:133-150.
19. Matelli M, Luppino G, Rizzolatti G: Architecture of superior and mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 1991:311:445-462.
20. Luppino G, et al: Multiple representations of body movements in mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex: an intracortical microstimulation study in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 1991:311:463-482.
21. Vogt C, Vogt O: Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. J Psychol Neurol 1919:25: 279-439.
22. Rizzolatti G, et al: Neurons related to rcaching-grasping arm movements in the rostral part of area 6 (area 6a). Exp Brain Res 1990:82:337-350.
23. Matsuzaka Y, Aizawa H, Tanji J: A motor area rostral to the supplementary motor area (pre-supplementary motor area) in the monkey: Neuronal activity during a learned motor task. J Neurophysiol 1992:68:653-662.
24. Hummelsheim H, et al: Sensory inputs to the agranular motor fields: A comparison between precentral, supplementary-motor and premotor areas in the monkey. Exp Brain Res 1988:69: 289-298.
25. Wiesendanger M, Hummelsheim H, Bianchetti M: Sensory input to the motor fields of the agranular frontal cortex: A comparison of the precentral, supplementary motor and premotor cortex. Behav Brain Res 1985;18:89-94.
26. Dum RP, Strick PL: Premotor areas: Nodal points for parallel efferent systems involved in the central control of movement: in Humphrey DR. Freund HJ (eds): Motor Control: Concepts and Issues. 1991. New York. Wiley, pp 383-397.
27. Luppino G, et al: Corticocortical connections of area F3 (SMA-proper) and area F6 (Pre-SMA) in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 1993:338:114-140.
28. Fried I. et al: Functional organization of human supplementary motor cortex studied by electrical stimulation. J Neurosci 1991:11:3656-3666.
29. Deiber MP, et al: Cortical areas and the selection of movement: A study with positron emission tomography. Exp Brain Res 1991:84:393-402.
30. Barbas H, Pandya DN: Architecture and frontal cortical connections of the premotor cortex (area 6) in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 1987:256:211-228.
31. Hutchins KD, Martino AM, Strick PL: Corticospinal projections from the medial wall of the hemisphere. Exp Brain Res 1988;245:1-6.
32. Martino AM, Strick PL: Corticospinal projections originate from the arcuate premotor area. Brain Res 1987;404:307-312.
33. Muakkassa KF, Strick PL: Frontal lobe inputs to primate motor cortex: Evidence for four so-matotopically organized ‘premotor' areas. Brain Res 1979:177:176-182.
34. Murray EA, Coulter JD: Organization of corticospinal neurons in the monkey. J Comp Neurol 1981;195:339-365.
35. Vogt BA, Pandya DN, Rosene DL: Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: I. Cytoarchitccturc and thalamic alferents. J Comp Neurol 1987; 262:256-270.
36. Shima K, et al: Two movement-related foci in the primate cingulate cortex observed in signal-triggered and self-paced forelimb movements. J Neurophysiol 1991;65:188-202.
37. Schlag J, Schlag-Rey M: Evidence for a supplementary eye field. J Neurophysiol 1987;57:179-200.
38. Horsley V, Schafer EA: A record of experiments upon the functions of the cerebral cortex. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Biol 1888;179:1-45.
39. Talairach J, Bancaud J: The supplementary motor area in man. lnt J Neurol 1966:5:330-347.
40. Kurata K: Somatotopy in the human supplementary motor area. Trends Neurosci 1992; 15: 159-160.
41. Roland RE: Brain Activation. New York. Wiley. 1993.
42. Orgogozo JM, Larsen B: Activation of the supplementary motor area during voluntary movements in man suggests it works as a supra-motor area. Science 1979:206:847-850.
43. Matelli M, et al: Activation of preccntral and mesial motor areas during the execution of elementary proximal and distal arm movements: A PET study. Neuroreport 1993:4:1295-1298.
44. Fox PT, et al: The role of cerebral cortex in the generation of voluntary saccades: A positron emission tomographic study. J Neurophysiol 1985:54:348-369.
45. Colcbatch JG, et al: Regional cerebral blood blow during voluntary arm and hand movements in human subjects. J Neurophysiol 1991; 65:1392-1401.
46. Grafton ST, Woods RP, Mazziotta JC: Within-arrn somatotopy in human motor areas determined by positron emission tomography imaging of cerebral blood flow. Exp Brain Res 1993:95:172-176.
47. Grafton ST, et al: Somatotopic mapping of the primary motor cortex in humans: Activation studies with cerebral blood flow and positron emission tomography. J Neurophysiol 1991:66: 735-743.
48. Roland PE, et al: Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in organization of voluntary movements in man. J Neurophysiol 1980;43:118-136.
49. Ikeda A, et al: Movement-related potentials recorded from supplementary motor area and primary motor area. Brain 1992:115:1017-1043.
50. Ikeda A, et al: Movement-related potentials associated with single and repetitive movements recorded from human supplementary motor area. Electrocncephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993:89:269-277.
51. Mitz AR, Wise SP: The somatotopic organization of the supplementary motor area: Intra-cortical microstimulation mapping. J Neurosci 1987:7:1010-1021.
52. Brinkman C, Porter R: Supplementary motor area in the monkey: Activity of neurons during a learned motor task. J Neurophysiol 1979:42: 681-709.
53. Tanji J, Kurata K: Neuronal activity in the cortical supplementary motor area related with distal and proximal forclimb movements Ncu-rosci Lett 1979;12:201-206.
54. Tanji J, Kurata K: Comparison of movement-related activity in two cortical areas of primates J Neurophysiol 1982;48:633-653.
55. Wise SP, Tanji J: Supplementary and precentral motor cortex: Contrast in responsiveness to peripheral input to the hindlimb area of the unanesthetized monkey. J Comp Neurol 1981; 195:433-451.
56. Okano K, Tanji J: Neuronal activities in the primate motor fields of the agranular frontal cortex preceding visually triggered and self-paced movement. Exp Brain Res 1987:66:155-166.
57. Tanji J, Okano K, Sato KC: Neuronal activity in cortical motor areas related to ipsilaleral, contralateral, and bilateral digit movements of the monkey. J Neurophysiol l988;60:325-343.
58. Thaler DE, Rolls ET, Passingham RE: Neuronal activity of the supplementary motor area (SMA) during internally and externally triggered wrist movements Neurosci Lett 1988:93: 264-269.
59. Foil A, et al: Cortical activation during somatosensory stimulation and voluntary movement in man: a regional cerebral blood flow study. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1980:50: 426-436.
60. Fox PT, Raichle ME: Focal physiological uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism during somatosensory stimulation in human subjects Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986:83:1140-1144.
61. Tarkka IM, Hallet M: Topography of scalp-recorded motor potentials in human finger movements J Clin Neurophysiol 1991:8:331-341.
62. Kristcva R. et al: Movement-related potentials accompanying unilateral and bilateral finger movements with different inertial loads. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1990:75:410-418.
63. Lang W, et al: Three-dimensional localization of SMA activity preceding voluntary movement. A study of electric and magnetic fields in a patient with infarction of the right supplementary motor area. Exp Brain Res 1991;87:688-695.
64. Boschert J, Hink RF, Deecke L: Finger movement versus toe movement-related potentials: Further evidence for supplementary motor area (SMA) participation prior to voluntary action. Exp brain Res 1983;52:73-80.
65. Kristeva R, Cheyne D, Deecke L: Ncu-romagnelic fields accompanying unilateral and bilateral voluntary movements: Topography and analysis of cortical sources. Electroencc-phalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991:81:284-298.
66. Romo R, Schultz W: Neuronal activity preceding self-initialed or externally timed arm movements in area 6 of monkey cortex. Exp Brain Res 1987;67:656-662.
67. Tanji J: The neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area of primates. Trends Neurosci 1984:27:282-285.
68. Fetz EE: Are movement parameters recognizably coded in activity of single neurons? Behav Brain Sci 1992;15:679-690.
69. Chen D, et al: Comparison of neural activity in the supplementary motor area and in the primary motor cortex in monkeys. Somatosens Mot Res 1991:8:27-44.
70. Crutcher MD, Alexander GE: Movement-related neuronal activity selectively coding either direction or muscle pattern in three motor areas of the monkey. J Neurophysiol 1990:64:151-163.
71. Tanji J, Taniguchi K, Saga T: Supplementary motor area: Neuronal response to motor instructions. J Ncurophysiol 1980;43:60-68.
72. Tanji J, Okano K, Sato KC: Relation of neurons in the nonprimary motor cortex to bilateral hand movement. Nature 1987;327:618-620.
73. Eccles JC: The initiation of voluntary movements by the supplementary motor area. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 1982:231:423-441.
74. Goldherg G: Supplementary motor area structure and function: Review and hypotheses. Behav Brain Sci 1985;8:567-616.
75. Rizzolatti G, Matelli M, Pavcsi G: Deficits in attention and movement following the removal of postarcuate (area 6) and prcarcuate (area 8) cortex in macaque monkeys. Brain 1983:106: 655-673.
76. Sanides F: The cyto-myeloarchitecture of the human frontal lobe and its relation to phylogenetic differentiation of the cerebral cortex. J Hirnforsch 1964:6:269-282.
77. Schell GR, Strick PL: The origin of thalamic inputs to the arcuate premotor and supplementary motor areas. J Neurosci 1984:4:539-560.
78. Hoover JE, Strick PL: Multiple output channels in the basal ganglia: Connections between the globus pallidus and motor area of cerebral cortex. Science 1993;259:819-821.
79. Luria AR: Human Brain and Psychological Processes. New York. Harper & Row, 1966.
80. Lang W, et al: Functional localisation of motor processes in the human cortex. Event Rel Brain Res 1991;42(suppl):97-115.
81. Kornhuber HH, Deecke L: Hirnpotentialiin-derungen bei Willkürbewegungen und passiven Bewegungen des Menschen: Bereitschaftspotential und realferenle Potentiale. Pfiügers Arch Ges Physiol 1965;287:1-17.
82. Deecke L: Bereitschaftspotential as an indicator of movement preparation in supplementary motor area and motor cortex: in Porter R (ed): Motor Areas of the Cereberal Cortex. New York. Wiley. 1987. pp 231-250.
83. Kurata K, Wise SP: Prcmotor and supplementary motor cortex in rhesus monkeys: Neuronal activity during externally- and internally-instructed motor tasks. Exp Brain Res 1988;72: 237-248.
84. Halsband U, Passingham RE: The premotor and parietal cortex in the direction of action. Brain Res 1982:240:368-372.
85. Petrides M: Motor conditional associative learning after selective prefrontal lesions in monkey. Behav Brain Res 1982;5:407-413.
86. Pandva DN, Kuypers HGJM: Cortico-corlieal connections in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res 1969:13:13-36.
87. Chavis DA, Pandya DN: Further observations on corticofrontal connections in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res 1976:117:369-386.
88. Godschalk M, et al: Cortical afferents and efferents of monkey postarcuate area: An anatomical and electrophysiological study. Exp Brain Res 1984;56:410-424.
89. Matelli M, et al: Afferent and efferent projections of the inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 1986:251:281-298.
90. Kubota K, Hamada I: Visual tracking and neuron activity in the post-arcuate area in monkeys. J Physiol (Paris) 1978:74:297-312.
91. Rizzolatti G, et al: Afferent properties of periar-cuate neurons in macaque monkeys. II. Visual responses. Behav Brain Res 1981:2:147-163.
92. Gentilucci M, et al: Visual responses in the postarcuate cortex (area 6) of the monkey that arc independent of eye position. Exp Brain Res 1983:50:464-468.
93. Godschalk M, et al: Behavior of neurons in monkey peri-arcuate and precentral cortex before and during visually guided arm and hand movements. Exp Brain Res 1981:44:113-116.
94. Wcinrich M, Wise SP: The premotor cortex of the monkey. J Neurosci 1982;2:1329-1345.
95. Wise SP, Wcinrich M, Mauritz KH: Motor aspects of cue-related neuronal activity in premotor cortex of the rhesus monkey. Brain Res 1983; 260:301-305.
96. Weinrich M, Wise SP, Mauritz KH: A neuro-physiological study of the premolor cortex in the rhesus monkey. Brain 1984;107:385-414.
97. Boussoud D, Wise SP: Primate frontal cortex: Neuronal activity following attentional versus intentional cues. Exp Brain Res 1993:95:15-27.
98. Di Pellegrino G, Wise SP: Visuospatial versus visuomotor activity in the premotor and prefrontal cortex of a primate. J Neurosci 1993; 13: 1227-1243.
99. Mushiakc H, Inase M, Tanji J: Neuronal activity in the primate premotor, supplementary, and precentral motor cortex during visually guided and internally determined sequential movements. J Ncurophysiol 1991;66:705-718.
100. Mushiake H, Inase M, Tanji J: Selective coding of motor sequence in the supplementary motor area of the monkey cerebral cortex. Exp Brain Res 1990:82:208-210.
101. Halsband U, Matsuzaka Y, Tanji J: Neuronal activity in the primate supplementary, pre-supplementary. and premotor cortex during externally and internally instructed sequential movements. Neurosci Res 1994:20:149-155.
102. Tanji J, Shima K: Role for supplementary motor area cells in planning several movements ahead. Nature 1994;37l:413-416.
103. von Bonin G, Bailey P: The neocortex of Ma-caca Mulatta. Urbana. Univ. Illinois, 1947.