Pathology of microsporidiosis: Emerging parasitic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Volumn 120, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 173-188

  Schwartz, David A ^a,e,f   Sobottka, Ingo ^b   Leitch, Gordon J ^c   Cali, Ann ^d   Visvesvara, Govinda S ^e  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

^c MOREHOUSE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e NATL CENTER FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^f GRADY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ARTICLE; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; INFECTION RISK; MICROSPORUM; PROTOZOAL INFECTION;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ANIMALS; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE; HUMANS; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, SCANNING; MICROSPORIDA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS;

EID: 0030064265     PISSN: 00039985     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Bryan RT. Microsporidia. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 4th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1994:2513-2524
2. Weber R, Bryan RT, Schwartz DA, Owen R. Human microsporidian infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1994;7:426-461.
3. Bryan RT, Cali A, Owen RL, Spencer HC. Microsporidia: opportunistic pathogens in patients with AIDS. In: Sun T, ed. Progress in Clinical Parasitology, 2. Philadelphia, Pa: Field and Wood; 1991:1-26.
4. Canning EU, Lom J. The Microsporidia of Vertebrates. Orlando, Fla: Academic Press; 1986.
5. Orenstein JM, Chiang J, Steinberg W, Smith PD, Rotterdam H, Kotler DP. Intestinal microsporidiosis as a cause of diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Hum Pathol. 1990;21:475-481.
6. Schwartz DA, Visvesvara GS, Weber R, Wilcox CM, Bryan RT. Microsporidiosis in HIV positive patients: current methods for diagnosis using biopsy, cytologic, ultrastructural, immunological and tissue culture techniques. Folia Parasitol. 1994;41:91-99.
7. Kotler DP, Orenstein JM. Prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-infected individuals referred for gastroenterological evaluation. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89:1998-2001.
8. Schwartz DA, Bryan RT, Hewan-Lowe KO, et al. Disseminated microsporidiosis (Encephalitozoon hellem) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: autopsy evidence for respiratory acquisition. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1992;116:660-668.
9. Desportes I, Le Charpentier Y, Galian A, et al. Occurrence of a new microsporidian: Enterocytozoon bieneusi ng, nsp, in the enterocytes of a human patient with AIDS. J Protozool. 1985;32:250-254.
10. Orenstein JM, Tenner M, Kotler DP. Localization of infection by the microsporidian Enterocytozoon bieneusi in the gastrointestinal tract of AIDS patients with diarrhea. AIDS. 1992;6:195-197.
11. Orenstein JM. Microsporidiosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Parasitol. 1991;77:843-864.
12. Molina JM, Sarfati C, Beauvais B, et al. Intestinal microsporidiosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with chronic unexplained diarrhea: prevalence and clinical and biologic features. J Infect Dis. 1993;167:217-221.
13. McWhinney PHM., Nathwani D, Green ST, Boyd JF, Forrest JAH. Microsporidiosis detected in association with AIDS-related sclerosing cholangitis. AIDS. 1991;5:1394-1395.
14. Pol S, Romana CA, Richard SR, et al. Microsporidia infection in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus and unexplained cholangitis. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:95-99.
15. Beaugerie L, Teilhac MF, Deluol AM, et al. Cholangiopathy associated with microsporidia infection of the common bile duct mucosa in a patient with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:401-402.
16. Weber R, Kuster H, Keller R, et al. Pulmonary and intestinal microsporidiosis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;146:1603-1605.
17. Weber R, Bryan RT, Owen RL, Wilcox CM, Gorelkin L, Visvesvara GS. Improved light-microscopical detection of microsporidia spores in stool and duodenal aspirates. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:161-166.
18. Cali A, Kotler DP, Orenstein JM. Septata intestinalis N.G., N. Sp., an intestinal microsporidian associated with chronic diarrhea and dissemination. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1993;40:101-112.
19. Undescribed in humans, infecting enterocytes and macrophages, and associated with diarrhea in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient. Hum Pathol. 1992;23:722-728.
20. Orenstein JM, Dieterich DT, Kotler DP. Systemic dissemination by a newly recognized intestinal microsporidia species in AIDS. AIDS. 1992;6:1143-1150.
21. Gunnarsson G, Hurlbut D, DeGirolami PC, Federman M, Wanke C. Multiorgan microsporidiosis: report of five cases and review. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21: 37-44.
22. Molina J-M, Oksenhendler E, Beauvais B, et al. Disseminated microsporidiosis due to Septata intestinalis in patients with AIDS: clinical features and response to albendazole therapy. J Infect Dis. 1995;171:245-249.
23. Hartskeerl RA, Van Gool T, Schuitema ARJ, Didier ES, Terpstra WJ. Genetic and immunological characterization of the microsporidian Septata intestinalis Cali, Kotler and Orenstein, 1993: reclassification to Encephalitozoon intestinalis. Parasitology. 1995;110:277-285.
24. Canning EU, Hollister WS. Microsporidia of mammals: widespread pathogens or opportunistic curiosities? Parasitology Today. 1987;9:267-273.
25. De Groote MA, Visvesvara GS, Wilson ML, et al. Polymerase chain reaction and culture confirmation of disseminated Encephalitozoon cuniculi in a patient with AIDS: successful therapy with albendazole. J Infect Dis. 1995;171: 1375-1378.
26. Franzen C, Schwartz DA, Visvesvara GS, et al. Disseminated antibody-confirmed Encephalitozoon cuniculi with asymptomatic infection of the gastrointestinal tract in a patient with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21:1480-1484.
27. Matsubayashi H, Koike T, Mikata T, Hagiwara S. A case of Encephalitozoon-like body infection in man. Arch Pathol. 1959;67:181-187.
28. Bergquist NR, Stintzing G, Smedman L, Waller T. Diagnosis of encephalitozoonosis in man by serological tests. Br Med J. 1984;288:902.
29. Bryan RT, Weber R. Microsporidia: emerging pathogens in immunodeficient patients. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1993;117:1243-1245.
30. Terada S, Reddy R, Jeffers LJ, Cali A, Schiff ER. Microsporidian hepatitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:61-62.
31. Zender HO, Arrigoni E, Eckert J, Kapanci Y. A case of Encephalitozoon cuniculi peritonitis in a patient with AIDS. Am J Clin Pathol. 1989;92:352-356.
32. Cali A, Meisler DM, Lowder CY, et al. Corneal microsporidioses: characterization and identification. J Protozool. 1991;38:215S.
33. Cali A, Meisler DM, Rutherford I, et al. Corneal microsporidiosis in a patient with AIDS. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1991;44:463.
34. Didier ES, Didier PJ, Friedberg DN, et al. Isolation and characterization of a new human microsporidian, Encephalitozoon hellem (n. sp.), from three AIDS patients with keratoconjunctivitis. J Infect Dis. 1991;163:617-621.
35. Schwartz DA, Visvesvara GS, Leitch GJ, et al. Pathology of symptomatic microsporidial (Encephalitozoon hellem) bronchiolitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a new respiratory pathogen diagnosed from lung biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, and tissue culture. Hum Pathol. 1993;24:937-943.
36. Schwartz DA, Bryan RT, Visvesvara GS. Diagnostic approaches for Encephalitozoon infections in patients with AIDS. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1994;41: 59S-60S.
37. Ledford DK, Overman MD, Gonzalvo A, Cali A, Mester SW, Lockey RF. Microsporidiosis myositis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:628-630.
38. Chup GL, Alroy J, Adelman LS, Breen IC, Skolnik PR. Myositis due to Pleistophora (microsporidia) in a patient with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;16:15-21.
39. Schwartz DA, Visvesvara GS, Diesenhouse MC, et al. Ocular pathology of microsporidiosis: role of immunofluorescent antibody for diagnosis of Encephalitozoon hellem in biopsies, smears, and intact globes from seven AIDS patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 1993;115:285-292.
40. Metcalfe TW, Doran RML, Rowlands PL, Curry A, Lacey CJN. Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in a patient with AIDS. Br J Ophthalmol. 1992;76:177-178.
41. Friedberg DN, Stenson SM, Orenstein JM, Tierno PM, Charles NC. Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:504-508.
42. Lowder CY, Meisler DM, McMahon JT, Longworth DL, Rutherford I. Microsporidia infection of the cornea in a man seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Ophthalmol. 1990;109:242-244.
43. Yee RW, Fermon OT, Alberto Martinez J, Held KS, Shadduck JA, Didier ES. Resolution of microsporidial epithelial keratopathy in a patient with AIDS. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:196-201.
44. Canning EU, Curry A, Lacey CJN, Fenwick D. Ultrastructure of Encephalitozoon sp. infecting the conjunctival, corneal and nasal epithelia of a patient with AIDS. Eur J Protistology. 1992;28:226-237.
45. Schwartz DA, Weber R, Wilcox M, Visvesvara GS, Bryan RT. Cytologic diagnosis of microsporidiosis in patients with AIDS. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on AIDS; June 1993; Berlin, Germany. Abstract PO-B10-1440, p 375.
46. Rosberger DF, Serdarevic ON, Erlandson RA, et al. Successful treatment of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis with topical fumagillin in a patient with AIDS. Cornea. 1993;12:261-265.
47. Lucas S, Schwartz DA, Hasleton PS. Pulmonary parasitic diseases. In: Hasleton PS, ed. Spencer's Pathology of the Lung. 4th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1996. In press.
48. Lacey CJN, Clark A, Frazer P, Metcalfe T, Bonsor G, Curry A. Chronic microsporidian infection in the nasal mucosae, sinuses, and conjunctivae in HIV disease. Genitourinary Med. 1992;68:179-181.
49. Schwartz DA, Cali A, Rosberger DP, Visvesvara CS, Bryan RT. A nasal microsporidian with unusual morphologic features from a patient with AIDS. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on AIDS; June 1993; Berlin, Germany. Abstract PO-B10-1495, p 384.
50. Weber R, Kuster H, Visvesvara CS, Bryan RT, Schwartz DA, Lüthi R. Disseminated microsporidiosis due to Encephalitozoon hellem: pulmonary colonization, microhematuria, and mild conjunctivitis in a patient with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;17:4.
51. Schwartz DA, Visvesvara CS, Leitch GJ, et al. Pathology of symptomatic microsporidial (Encephalitozoon hellem) bronchiolitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a new respiratory pathogen diagnosed from lung biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, and tissue culture. Hum Pathol. 1993;24:937-943.
52. Schwartz DA, Visvesvara CS, Weber R, Bryan RT. Pulmonary microsporidiosis: an emerging opportunistic infection in AIDS. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on AIDS; June 1993; Berlin, Germany. Abstract WS-B14-6, p 96.
53. Orenstein JM, Dietrich DT, Kotler PD. Systemic dissemination by a newly recognized intestinal microsporidia species in AIDS. AIDS. 1992;6:1143-1150.
54. Visvesvara GS, Leitch GJ, Moura HM, Wallace S, Weber R, Bryan RT. Growth characteristics, electron microscopy, and antigenic analysis of the microsporidian isolated from a patient with AIDS. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1991;45(suppl):133.
55. Visvesvara GS, Schwartz DA, Leitch GJ, et al. Simultaneous isolation and in vitro cultivation of Encephalitozoon hellem from respiratory secretions and urine of two AIDS patients. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on AIDS; June 1993; Berlin, Germany. Abstract PO-BI0-1496, p 384.
56. Schwartz DA, Visvesvara G, Weber R, Bryan RT. Male genital tract microsporidiosis and AIDS: prostatic infection with Encephalitozoon hellem. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1994;41:61S.
57. Giang TT, Kotler DP, Garro ML, Orenstein JM. Tissue diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis using the chromotrope-2R modified trichrome stain. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1993;117:1249-1251.
58. Schwartz DA, Abou-Elella A, Wilcox CM, et al. The presence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores in the lamina propria of small bowel biopsies with no evidence of disseminated microsporidiosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1995;119:424-428.
59. Dore GJ, Marriott DJ, Hing MC, Harkness JL, Field AS. Disseminated microsporidiosis due to Septata intestinalis in nine patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus; response to therapy with albendazole. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21:70-76.
60. Sobottka I, Albrecht H, Schottelius J, Bentfeld M, Laufs R, Schwartz DA. Self-limited traveller's diarrhea due to a dual infection with Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Cryptosporidium parvum in an immunocompetent HIV-negative child. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1995;14:919-920.
61. Bryan RT, Schwartz DA, Rimland D, et al. Endoscopic, surgical, and post-mortem evaluation of the natural history and anatomic distribution of Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in a patient with AIDS. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on AIDS; June 1993; Berlin, Germany. Abstract PO-B10-1445, p 376.
62. Ryan NJ, Sutherland G, Coughlan K, et al. A new trichrome-blue stain for detection of microsporidial species in urine, stool, and nasopharyngeal specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31:3264-3269.
63. van Cool T, Hollister WS, Efttinck Schattenkerk JE, et al. Diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi microsporidiosis in AIDS patients by recovery of spores from faeces. Lancet. 1990;336:697-698.
64. van Cool T, Snijders R, Reiss P, et al. Diagnosis of intestinal and disseminated microsporidial infections in patients with HIV by a new rapid fluorescence technique. J Clin Pathol. 1993;46:694-699.
65. van Gool T, Canning EU, Dankert J. An improved practical and sensitive technique for the detection of microsporidian spores in stool samples. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994;88:189-190.
66. Visvesvara GS, Leitch GJ, Moura H, Wallace S, Weber R, Bryan RT. Culture, electron microscopy, and immunoblot studies on a microsporidian parasite isolated from the urine of a patient with AIDS. J Protozool. 1991;38:S105-S111.
67. Blanshard C, Ellis DS, Dowell SP, Tovey G, Gazzard B. Electron microscopic changes in Enterocytozoon bieneusi following treatment with albendazole. J Clin Pathol. 1993,46:898-902.
68. Canning EU, Hollister WS. In vitro and in vivo investigations of human microsporidia. J Protozool. 1991;38:631-635.
69. Visvesvara GS, Da Silva AJ, Croppo JP, et al. In vitro and serologic and molecular identification of Septata intestinalis isolated from urine of a patient with AIDS. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33:930-936.
70. Visvesvara GS, Leitch GJ, Pieniazek NJ, et al. Short term in vitro culture and molecular analysis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1995;42:506-510.
71. Visvesvara GS, Leitch GJ, Da Silva AJ, et al. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody and PCR-amplified small-subunit rRNA identification of a microsporidian, Encephalitozoon hellem, isolated from an AIDS patient with disseminated infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32:2760-2768.
72. Zierdt CH, Gill VJ, Zierdt WS. Detection of microsporidian spores in clinical samples by indirect fluorescent-antibody assay using whole-cell antisera to Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon hellem. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31:3071-3074.