Mechanisms of postischemic injury in skeletal muscle: Intervention strategies

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 80, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 369-387

  Rubin, Barry B ^b   Romaschin, Alexander ^b   Walker, Paul M ^b   Gute, Dean C ^b   Korthuis, Ronald J ^a  

^a LOUISIANA STATE UNIV MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

complement proteins; cytokines; eicosanoid metabolism; ischemia reperfusion; ischemic preconditioning; leukocyte adhesion molecules; muscle necrosis; nitric oxide; phospholipid metabolism; reactive oxygen metabolites; sequential ischemia

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; CALCIUM; COMPLEMENT; INTERLEUKIN 1; L SELECTIN; LEUKOTRIENE B4; NITRIC OXIDE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE;

CALCIUM METABOLISM; CYTOSKELETON; DEATH; ICOSANOID METABOLISM; INFLAMMATION; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MUSCLE INJURY; MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; MUSCLE NECROSIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHOSPHOLIPID METABOLISM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPERFUSION INJURY; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE;

EID: 0030063225     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1996.80.2.369     Document Type: Review

References (219)

1. Abd-Elfatah, A. S., M. E. Jessen, S. A. Hanan, S. A. Tuchy, and A. S. Wechsler. Is adenosine 5′-triphosphate derangement or free-radical-mediated injury the major cause of ventricular dysfunction during reperfusion? Role of adenine nucleoside transport in myocardial reperfusion injury. Circulation 82, Suppl. IV: 341-350, 1990.
2. Adkins, W. K., and A. E. Taylor. Role of xanthine oxidase and neutrophils in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rabbit lung. J. Appl. Physiol. 69: 2012-2018, 1990.
3. Akimitsu, T., D. C. Gute, and R. J. Korthuis. Ischemic preconditioning attenuates postischemic leukocyte adhesion and emigration: role of adenosine and ATP-sensitive potassium channels (Abstract). Circulation 90: I-476, 1994.
4. Akimitsu, T., D. C. Gute, and R. J. Korthuis. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) attenuates postischemic leukocyte adherence and emigration via activation of adenosine receptors during IPC and reperfusion (Abstract). Microcirculation 2: 106, 1995.
5. Akimitsu, T., J. A. White, D. L. Carden, D. C. Gute, and R. J. Korthuis. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate or adenosine attenuate leukocyte adherence in postischemic skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 38): H1743-H1751, 1995.
6. Aoki, N., M. Siegfried, and A. M. Lefer. Anti-EDRF effect of tumor necrosis factor in isolated, perfused cat carotid arteries. Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 25): H1509-H1512, 1989.
7. Arnsdorf, M. F., and G. J. Sawicki. The effects of lysophosphatidylcholine, a toxic metabolite of ischemia, on the components of cardiac excitability in sheep Purkinje fibers. Circ. Res. 49: 16-30, 1981.
8. Asako, H., R. E. Wolf, D. N. Granger, and R. J. Korthuis. Phalloidin prevents leukocyte emigration induced by proinflammatory stimuli in rat mesentery. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 32): H1637-H1642, 1992.
9. Ascer, E., M. Gennaro, S. Cupo, and C. Mohan. Do cytokines play a role in skeletal muscle ischemia and reperfusion? J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 33: 588-592, 1992.
10. Ascer, E., C. Mohan, M. Gennaro, and S. Cupo. Interleukin-1 and thromboxane release after skeletal muscle ischemia and reperfusion. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 6: 69-73, 1992.
11. Beckman, J. S., T. W. Beckman, J. Chen, P. A. Marshall, and B. E. Freeman. Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial cell injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 1620-1624, 1990.
12. Belkin, M., J. G. Wright, and R. W. Hobson. Intraarterial urokinase increases skeletal muscle viability after acute ischemia. J. Vasc. Surg. 9: 161-168, 1989.
13. Belkin, M., J. G. Wright, and R. W. Hobson. Iloprost infusion decreases skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury. J. Vasc. Surg. 11: 77-83, 1990.
14. Bevilacqua, M., E. Butcher, B. Furie, M. Gallatin, M. Gimbrone, J. Harlan, T. K. Kishimoto, L. Lasky, and R. P. McEver. Selectins: a family of adhesion receptors (Letter to the Editor). Cell 67: 233, 1991.
15. Bevilacqua, M. P., J. S. Pober, M. E. Wheeler, R. S. Cotran, and M. A. Gimbrone, Jr. Interleukin 1 acts on cultured human vascular endothelium to increase the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and related leukocyte cell lines. J. Clin. Invest. 76: 2003-2011, 1985.
16. Bevilacqua, M. P., S. Sengelin, M. A. Gimbrone, and B. Seed. Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1: an inducible receptor for neutrophils related to complement regulatory proteins and lectins. Science Wash. DC 243: 1160-1165, 1989.
17. Bolli, R., B. S. Patel, M. O. Jeroudi, X. Y. Li, J. F. Triana, E. K. Lai, and P. B. McCay. Iron-mediated radical reactions upon reperfusion contribute to myocardial "stunning." Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 28): H1901-H1911, 1990.
18. Bolli, R., B. S. Patel, W. X. Zhu, P. G. O'Neill, C. J. Hartley, M. L. Charlat, and R. Roberts. The iron chelator desferrioxamine attenuates postischemic ventricular dysfunction. Am. J. Physiol. 253 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 22): H1372-H1380, 1987.
19. Braide, M., B. Amundson, S. Chein, and U. Bagge. Quantitative studies on the influence of leukocytes on the vascular resistance in skeletal muscle preparation. Microvasc. Res. 27: 331-352, 1984.
20. Brown, M. L., J. A. Jakubowski, L. L. Leventis, and D. Deykin. Ionophore-induced metabolism of phospholipids and eicosanoid production in porcine aortic endothelial cells: selective release of arachidonic acid from diacyl and ether phospholipids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 921: 159-166, 1987.
21. X-containing oligosaccharide attenuates myocardial reperfusion injury in cats. J. Clin. Invest. 93: 1140-1148, 1994.
22. 4 in postischemic skeletal muscle microvascular dysfunction (Abstract). FASEB J. 5: A893, 1991.
23. Carden, D. L., J. K. Smith, and R. J. Korthuis. Neutrophil mediated microvascular dysfunction in postischemic canine skeletal muscle, role of granulocyte adherence. Circ. Res. 66: 1436-1444, 1990.
24. Carden, D. L., J. K. Smith, and R. J. Korthuis. Oxidant-mediated, CD18-dependent microvascular dysfunction induced by complement-activated granulocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 29): H1144-H1152, 1991.
25. Ceconi, C., A. Cargnoni, E. Pasini, E. Condorelli, S. Curello, and R. Ferrari. Evaluation of phospholipid peroxidation as malondialdehyde during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 29): H1057-H1061, 1991.
26. Clark, W. M., K. P. Madden, R. Rothlein, and J. A. Zivin. Reduction of central nervous system ischemic injury in rabbits using leukocyte adhesion antibody treatment. Stroke 22: 877-883, 1991.
27. 2 integrin CD11b/ CD18. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 3106-3110, 1991.
28. Das, D. K., R. M. Engelman, R. Clement, H. Otani, M. R. Prasad, and P. S. Rao. Role of xanthine oxidase inhibitor as free radical scavenger: a novel mechanism of action of allopurinol and oxypurinol in myocardial salvage. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 148: 314-319, 1987.
29. Das, D. K., R. M. Engelman, J. A. Rousou, R. H. Breyer, H. Otani, and S. Lemeshow. Role of membrane phospholipids in myocardial injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion. Am. J. Physiol. 251 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 20): H71-H79, 1986.
30. Davies, N. J., R. Schulz, P. M. Olley, K. D. Strynadka, D. L. Panas, and G. D. Lopaschuk. Lysoplasmenylethanolamine accumulation in ischemic/reperfused isolated fatty acid-perfused hearts. Circ. Res. 70: 1161-1168, 1992.
31. Demopoulos, H. B., F. S. Flamm, D. D. Pictronigro, and M. L. Seligman. The free radical pathology and the microcirculation in the major central nervous system disorders. Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl. 492: 91-120, 1980.
32. Dore, M., R. J. Korthuis, D. N. Granger, M. L. Entman, and C. W. Smith. P-selectin mediates spontaneous leukocyte rolling in vivo. Blood 82: 1308-1316, 1993.
33. Doukas, J., D. Shepro, and H. H. Hechtman. Vasoactive amines directly modify endothelial cells to affect polymorphonuclear leukocyte diapedesis in vitro. Blood 69: 1563-1569, 1987.
34. Drapier, J. C., and J. B. Hibbs, Jr. Murine cytotoxic activated macrophages inhibit aconitase in tumor cells. Inhibition involves the iron-sulfur prosthetic group and is reversible. J. Clin. Invest. 78: 790-797, 1986.
35. Dreyer, W. J., C. W. Smith, L. H. Michael, R. D. Rossen, B. J. Hughes, M. L. Entman, and D. C. Anderson. Canine neutrophil activation by cardiac lymph obtained during reperfusion of ischemic myocardium. Circ. Res. 65: 1751-1762, 1989.
36. Engels, W., M. Van Bilsen, and M. T. M. DeGroot. Ischemia and reperfusion-induced formation of eicosanoids in isolated rat hearts. Am. J. Physiol. 258 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 27): H1865-H1871, 1990.
37. Entman, M. L., L. H. Michael, R. D. Rossen, W. J. Dreyer, D. C. Anderson, A. R. Taylor, and C. W. Smith. Inflammation in the course of early myocardial ischemia. FASEB J. 5: 2529-2537, 1991.
38. Espevik, T., I. S. Figari, G. E. Ranges, and M. A. Palladino, Jr. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha reciprocally regulate the generation of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. Comparison between natural porcine platelet-derived TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 and recombinant human TGF-beta 1. J. Immunol. 140: 2312-2316, 1988.
39. Estebauer, H., and K. H. Cheeseman. Determination of aldehydic peroxidation products: malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. In: Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems. Oxygen Radicals and Antioxidants, edited by L. Packer and A. N. Glazer. New York: Academic, 1990, pt. B, p. 407-421.
40. Fantini, G. A., and T. Yoshioka. Deferoxamine prevents lipid peroxidation and attenuates reoxygenation injury in postischemic skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 33):H1953-H1959, 1993.
41. Fearon, D. T., and L. A. Collins. Increased expression of C3b receptors on polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced by chemotactic factors and by purification procedures. J. Immunol. 130: 370-375, 1983.
42. Ford, D. A., and R. W. Gross. Identification of endogenous 1-O-alk-1′-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol in myocardium and its effective utilization by choline phosphotransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 2644-2650, 1988.
43. Ford, D. A., and R. W. Gross. Plasmenylethanolamine is the major storage depot for arachidonic acid in rabbit vascular smooth muscle and is rapidly hydrolyzed after angiotensin II stimulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 3479-3483, 1989.
44. Ford, D. A., and R. W. Gross. Differential accumulation of diacyl and plasmalogenic diglycerides during myocardial ischemia. Circ. Res. 64: 173-177, 1989.
45. Ford, D. A., and R. W. Gross. Activation of myocardial protein kinase C by plasmalogenic diglycerides. Am. J. Physiol. 258 (Cell Physiol. 27): C30-C36, 1990.
46. Ford, D. A., R. Miyake, P. E. Glaser, and R. W. Gross. Activation of protein kinase C by naturally occurring etherlinked diglycerides. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 13818-13824, 1989.
47. Foreman, K. E., A. A. Vaporeiyan, B. K. Bonish, M. L. Jones, K. J. Johnson, M. M. Glovsky, S. M. Eddy, and P. A. Ward. C5a-induced expression of P-selectin in endothelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 94: 1147-1155, 1994.
48. Forrest, I., T. F. Lindsay, A. D. Romaschin, and P. M. Walker. The rate and distribution of muscle blood flow after prolonged ischemia. J. Vasc. Surg. 10: 83-88, 1989.
49. Gaboury, J., R. Woodman, and D. Granger. Nitric oxide prevents leukocyte adherence: role of superoxide. Am. J. Physiol. 265 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 34): H862-H867, 1993.
50. Gamble, J. R., and M. A. Vadas. Endothelial adhesiveness for blood neutrophils is inhibited by transforming growth factor-beta. Science Wash. DC 242: 97-99, 1988.
51. Gannon, D. E., J. Varani, and S. H. Phan. Source of iron in neutrophil-mediated killing of endothelial cells. Lab. Invest. 57: 37-44, 1989.
52. Geng, J.-G., M. P. Bevilacqua, and K. L. Moore. Rapid neutrophil adhesion to activated endothelium mediated by GMP-140. Nature Lond. 343: 757-760, 1990.
53. Goldman, G., R. Welbourn, J. M. Klausner, C. R. Valeri, D. Shepro, and H. H. Hechtman. Thromboxane mediates diapedesis after ischemia by activation of neutrophil adhesion receptors interacting with basally expressed intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Circ. Res. 68: 1013-1019, 1991.
54. Goldman, G., R. Welbourn, I. S. Paterson, J. M. Klausner, L. Kobzic, C. R. Valeri, D. Shepro, and H. H. Hechtman. Ischemia-induced neutrophil activation and diapedesis is lipoxygenase dependent. Surgery St. Louis 107: 428-433, 1990.
55. Gomoll, A. W., R. F. Lekich, and R. I. Grove. Efficacy of monoclonal antibody (MoAb 60.3) in reducing myocardial injury resulting from ischemia/reperfusion in the ferret. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 17: 873-878, 1991.
56. Granger, D. N., J. M. Russell, K. E. Arfors, R. Rothlein, and D. C. Anderson. Role of CD18 and ICAM-1 in ischemia/ reperfusion induced leukocyte adherence and emigration in mesenteric venules (Abstract). FASEB J. 5: A1753, 1994.
57. Granger, D. N., G. Rutili, and J. M. McCord. Superoxide radicals in feline intestinal ischemia. Gastroenterology 81: 22-29, 1981.
58. Grisham, M. B., L. A. Hernandez, and D. N. Granger. Adenosine inhibits ischemia-reperfusion-induced leukocyte adherence and extravasation. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 26): H1334-H1339, 1989.
59. Gross, R. W. High plasmalogen and arachidonic acid content of canine myocardial sarcolemma: a fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopic and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic characterization. Biochemistry 23: 158-165, 1984.
60. ATP channel antagonist glibenclamide (Abstract). Microcirculation 2: 108, 1995.
61. Gutteridge, J. M. C. Lipid peroxidation initiated by superoxide-dependent hydroxyl radicals using complexed iron and hydroxyl radicals. FEES Lett. 172: 245-249, 1984.
62. Gutteridge, J. M. C. Iron promoters of the Fenton reaction and lipid peroxidation can be released from hemoglobin by peroxides. FEBS Lett. 201: 291-295, 1986.
63. Harris, A. G., and T. C. Skalak. Effects of leukocyte activation on capillary hemodynamics in skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 33): H909-H916, 1993.
64. Hartsock, L. A., A. V. Seaber, and J. R. Urbaniak. Effect of ischemia on microcirculation thrombosis in skeletal muscle. Surg. Forum XL: 525-527, 1989.
65. Hayes, G., S. Liauw, A. Smith, A. D. Romaschin, and P. M. Walker. Exogenous magnesium chloride-adenosine triphosphate administration during reperfusion reduces the extent of necrosis in previously ischemic skeletal muscle. J. Vasc. Surg. 11: 441-448, 1990.
66. Heideman, M. B., A. Norder Hanssen, T. E. Bengtsen, and R. Mollnes. Terminal complement complexes and anaphylatoxin levels in septic and ischemic patients. Arch. Surg. 123: 188-192, 1988.
67. Hernandez, L., B. Grisham, and D. Granger. A role for iron in oxidant mediated ischemic injury to intestinal microvasculature. Am. J. Physiol. 253 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 16): G49-G53, 1987.
68. Hernandez, L. E., B. Twohig, K. E. Arfors, J. M. Harlan, and D. N. Granger. Role of neutrophils in ischemia-reperfusion-induced microvascular injury. Am. J. Physiol. 253 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 22): H699-H703, 1987.
69. Hibbs, J. B., Jr., R. R. Taintor, and Z. Vavrin. Iron depletion: possible cause of tumor cell cytotoxicity induced by activated macrophages. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 123: 716-723, 1984.
70. Hobson, R. W., J. G. Wright, D. Fox, and J. C. Kerr. Heparinization reduces endothelial permeability and hydrogen ion accumulation in a canine skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion model. J. Vasc. Surg. 7: 585-591, 1988.
71. Horgan, M. J., M. Ge, J. Gu, R. Rothlein, and A. B. Malik. Role of ICAM-1 in neutrophil mediated lung vascular injury after occlusion and reperfusion. Am. J. Physiol. 261 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 30): H1578-H1584, 1991.
72. Horgan, M. J., S. D. Wright, and A. B. Malik. Antibody against leukocyte integrin (GD18) prevents reperfusion induced lung vascular injury. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 3): L315-L319, 1990.
73. Horton, K. W., and D. J. White. Cardiac contractile injury after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. Am. J. Physiol. 261 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 30): H1164-H1170, 1991.
74. Hoyland, D. V., and A. J. Taylor. A review of the methodology of the 2-thiobarbituric acid test. Food Chem. 40: 271-291, 1991.
75. Hynes, R. Integrins: versatility, modulation and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell 69: 11-25, 1992.
76. Idstrom, J.-P., B. Soussi, A. Elander, and A.-C. Bylund-Fellenius. Purine metabolism after in vivo ischemia and reperfusion in rat skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 255 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 24): H1668-H1673, 1990.
77. Jerome, S. N., T. Akimitsu, D. C. Gute, and R. J. Korthuis. Ischemic preconditioning attenuates capillary no-reflow induced by prolonged ischemia and reperfusion. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 37): H2063-H2067, 1995.
78. Jerome, S. N., M. Dore, J. C. Paulson, C. W. Smith, and R. J. Korthuis. P-selectin and ICAM-1-dependent adherence reactions: role in the genesis of postischemic no-reflow. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 35): H1316-H1321, 1994.
79. Jerome, S. N., C. W. Smith, and R. J. Korthuis. CD18-dependent adherence reactions play an important role in the development of the no-reflow phenomenon. Am. J. Physiol 264 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 33): H479-H483, 1993.
80. Johnson, G., III, P. S. Tsao, and A. M. Lefer. Cardioprotective effects of authentic nitric oxide in myocardial ischemia with reperfusion. Crit. Care Med. 19: 244-252, 1991.
81. Kako, K. J. Membrane phospholipids and plasmalogens in the ischemic myocardium. Can. J. Cardiol. 2: 184-194, 1986.
82. Katz, A. M., and F. C. Messineo. Lipid-membrane interactions and the pathogenesis of ischemic damage in the myocardium. Circ. Res. 48: 1-16, 1981.
83. 1 receptors by G proteins in rat ventricular myocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 28): H820-H826, 1990.
84. Kishimoto, T. K. A dynamic model for neutrophil localization to inflammatory sites. J. Natl. Inst. Health Res. 3: 75-77, 1991.
85. Klausner, J. M., H. Anner, I. S. Paterson, D. Shepro, and H. H. Hechtman. Lower torso ischemia-induced lung injury is leukocyte dependent. Ann. Surg. 209: 231-236, 1988.
86. Klausner, J. M., I. S. Paterson, C. R. Valeri, D. Shepro, and H. H. Hechtman. Limb ischemia-induced increase in permeability is mediated by leukocytes and leukotrienes. Ann. Surg. 208: 755-760, 1988.
87. Klempner, M. S., C. A. Dinarello, and J. I. Gallin. Human leukocytic pyrogen induces release of specific granule contents from human neutrophils. J. Clin. Invest. 61: 1330-1336, 1978.
88. Korthuis, R. J., D. L. Carden, P. R. Kvietys, D. Shepro, and J. Fuseler. Phalloidin attenuates postischemic neutrophil infiltration and increased microvascular permeability. J. Appl. Physiol. 71: 1261-1269, 1991.
89. Korthuis, R. J., D. N. Granger, M. I. Townsley, and A. E. Taylor. The role of oxygen derived free radicals in ischemia induced increases in canine skeletal muscle vascular permeability. Circ. Res. 57: 599-609, 1985.
90. Korthuis, R. J., M. B. Grisham, and D. N. Granger. Leukocyte depletion attenuates vascular injury in postischemic skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 254 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 23): H823-H827, 1988.
91. 2 pretreatment. Am. J. Physiol. 254 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 23): H702-H708, 1988.
92. Korthuis, R. J., J. K. Smith, and D. L. Carden. Hypoxic reperfusion attenuates postischemic microvascular injury. Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 25): H315-H319, 1989.
93. Kosugi, H., T. Kato, and K. Kikugawa. Formation of yellow, orange and red pigments in the reaction of alk-2-enals with 2-thiobarbituric acid. Ann. Biochem. 165: 456-464, 1987.
94. Kosugi, H., T. Kojima, and K. Kikugawa. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances from peroxidized lipids. Lipids 24: 873-881, 1989.
95. Kubes, P., G. Ibbotson, J. Russell, J. C. Wallace, and D. N. Granger. Role of platelet-activating factor in ischemia/ reperfusion-induced leukocyte adherence. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 22): G300-G305, 1990.
96. Kubes, P., M. Suzuki, and D. N. Granger. Nitric oxide: an endogenous modulator of leukocyte adhesion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 4651-4655, 1991.
97. Kukielka, G. L., H. K. Hawkins, L. Michael, A. M. Manning, K. Youker, C. L. Lane, M. L. Entman, C. W. Smith, and D. C. Anderson. Regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in ischemic and reperfused canine myocardium. J. Clin. Invest. 92: 1504-1516, 1993.
98. Kuzuya, T., S. Y. Hoshida, and J. Kim. Detection of oxygen-derived free radical generation in the canine postischemic heart during late phase of reperfusion. Circ. Res. 66: 1160-1165, 1990.
99. Kvietys, P. R., W. Inauen, B. B. Bacon, and M. B. Grisham. Xanthine oxidase-induced injury to endothelium: role of intracellular iron and hydroxyl radical. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 26): H1640-H1646, 1989.
100. Lancaster, J. R., Jr., and J. B. Hibbs, Jr. EPR demonstration of iron-nitrosyl complex formation by cytotoxic activated macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 1223-1227, 1990.
101. Lefer, A. M., P. Tsao, N. Aoki, and M. A. Palladino, Jr. Mediation of cardioprotection by transforming growth factor-beta. Science Wash. DC 249: 61-64, 1990.
102. Lefer, A. M., P. S. Tsao, D. J. Lefer, and X. L. Ma. Role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury after myocardial ischemia (Review). FASEB J. 5: 2029-2034, 1991.
103. Lehr, H. A., A. Guhlmann, D. Nolte, D. Keppler, and K. Messmer. Leukotrienes as mediators in ischemia-reperfusion injury in a microcirculation model in the hamster. J. Clin. Invest. 87: 2036-2041, 1991.
104. Lepoivre, M., B. Chenais, A. Yapo, G. Lemaire, L. Thelander, and J. P. Tenu. Alterations of ribonucleotide reductase activity following induction of the nitrite-generating pathway in adenocarcinoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 14143-14149, 1990.
105. Lesavre, P. H., and E. H. J. Muller. Mechanism of action of Factor D of the alternative complement pathway. J. Exp. Med. 148: 1498-1509, 1978.
106. 4 Microvasc. Res. 35: 27-47, 1988.
107. Liauw, K., B. B. Rubin, A. D. Romaschin, and P. M. Walker. Sequential canine skeletal muscle ischemia: prior ischemia-reperfusion results in contralateral muscle salvage. Am. J. Physiol. (Heart Circ. Physiol.) In press.
108. Lindsay, T. F., J. Hill, F. Ortiz, T. Valeri, and H. H. Hechtman. Blockade of complement activation prevents local and pulmonary albumin leak after lower torso ischemia-reperfusion. Ann. Surg. 216: 677-683, 1992.
109. Lindsay, T. F., S. Liauw, A. D. Romaschin, and P. M. Walker. The effect of ischemia/reperfusion on adenine nucleotide metabolism and xanthine oxidase production in skeletal muscle. J. Vasc. Surg. 12: 8-15, 1990.
110. Lindsay, T. F., P. M. Walker, D. A. G. Mickle, and A. D. Romaschin. Measurement of hydroxy-conjugated dienes after ischemia-reperfusion in canine skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 254 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 23): H578-H583, 1988.
111. Liu, X., M. Renuka, R. M. Engelman, R. M. Jones, and D. K. Das. Role of iron on membrane phospholipid breakdown in ischemia-reperfused rat heart. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 28): H1101-H1107, 1990.
112. Ma, X. L., P. S. Tsao, and A. M. Lefer. Antibody to CD18 exerts endothelial and cardiac protective effects in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. J. Clin. Invest. 88: 1237-1243, 1991.
113. Ma, X. L., A. S. Weyrich, D. J. Lefer, M. Buerke, K. H. Albertine, T. K. Kishimoto, and A. M. Lefer. Monoclonal antibody to L-selectin attenuates neutrophil accumulation and protects ischemic reperfused cat myocardium. Circulation 88: 649-658, 1993.
114. Marletta, M. A., P. S. Yoon, R. Iyengar, C. D. Leaf, and J. S. Wishnok. Macrophage oxidation of L-arginine to nitrite and nitrate: nitric oxide is an intermediate. Biochemistry 27: 8706-8711, 1988.
115. Maroko, P. R., C. B. Carpenter, and M. Chiariello. Reduction by cobra venom factor of myocardial necrosis after coronary artery occlusion. J. Clin. Invest. 61: 661-670, 1978.
116. ++ transport. J. Biol. Chem. 243: 61-70, 1968.
117. Matheis, G., M. P. Sherman, G. D. Buckberg, D. M. Haybron, H. H. Young, and L. J. Ignano. Role of L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in myocardial reoxygenation injury. Am. J. Physiol. 262 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 31): H451-H456, 1992.
118. Maury, C. P., and A. M. Teppo. Circulating tumour necrosis factor-alpha (cachectin) in myocardial infarction. J. Int. Med. 225: 333-336, 1989.
119. 2 contributes to reperfusion injury in ischemic skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 258 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 27): H1415-H1419, 1990.
120. McEver, R. P. Selectins: novel adhesion receptors that mediate leukocyte adhesion during inflammation. Thromb. Haemostasis 65: 223-228, 1991.
121. McManus, L. M., W. P. Kolb, M. H. Crawford, R. A. O'Rourke, F. L. Grover, and R. N. Pincard. Complement localization in ischemic baboon myocardium. Lab. Invest. 48: 436-447, 1983.
122. Mehta, J., J. Dinerman, and P. Mehta. Neutrophil function in ischemic heart disease. Circulation 79: 549-556, 1989.
123. Mehta, J. L., W. W. Nichols, W. H. Donnelly, D. L. Lawson, and T. G. Saldeen. Impaired canine coronary vasodilator response to acetylcholine and bradykinin after occlusion-reperfusion. Circ. Res. 64: 43-54, 1989.
124. Mehta, J. L., W. W. Nichols, W. H. Donnelly, D. L. Lawson, L. Thompson, M. ter Riet, and T. G. Saldeen. Protection by superoxide dismutase from myocardial dysfunction and attenuation of vasodilator reserve after coronary occlusion and reperfusion in dog. Circ. Res. 65: 1283-1295, 1989.
125. 2+)-ATPase. Biochemistry 30: 342-351, 1991.
126. Moorhouse, P. C., M. Grootveld, B. Halliwell, J. G. Quinlan, and J. M. C. Gutteridge. Allopurinol and oxypurinol are hydroxyl radical scavengers. FEBS Lett. 213: 23-28, 1982.
127. Morand, O. H., R. A. Zoeller, and C. R. Raetz. Disappearance of plasmalogens from membranes of animal cells subjected to photosensitized oxidation. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 11597-11606, 1988.
128. Mounsey, R. A. C. Y. Pang, J. B. Boyd, and C. Forrest. Augmentation of skeletal muscle survival in the latissimus dorsi porcine model using acute ischemic preconditioning. Otolarynology 21: 315-320, 1992.
129. Muller, E. H. J. Molecular organization and function of the complement system. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 57: 321-347, 1988.
130. Nathan, C., S. Srimal, C. Farber, E. Sanchez, L. Kabbash, A. Asch, J. Gailit, and S. D. Wright. Cytokine induced respiratory burst of human neutrophils: dependence on extracellular matrix proteins and CD11/CD18 integrins. J. Cell Biol. 109: 1341-1349, 1989.
131. Nayler, W. G., and W. J. Sturrock. Calcium channel blockers, beta blockers and the maintenance of calcium homeostasis. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 194: 535-556, 1986.
132. Ohkawa, H., N. Ohishi, and K. Yagi. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem. 95: 351-358, 1979.
133. Oliver, M. G., R. D. Specian, M. A. Perry, and D. N. Granger. Morphologic assessment of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in mesenteric venules subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. Inflammation 15: 331-346, 1991.
134. Otani, H., M. R. Prasad, R. M. Jones, and D. K. Das. Mechanism of membrane phospholipid degradation in ischemic-reperfused rat hearts. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 26): H252-H258, 1989.
135. Pak, J. H., V. P. Bork, R. E. Norberg, M. H. Creer, R. A. Wolf, and R. W. Gross. Disparate molecular dynamics of plasmenylcholine and phosphatidylcholine bilayers. Biochemistry 26: 4824-4830, 1987.
136. Palder, S. B., W. Huval, S. Lelcuk, F. Alexander, D. Shepro, J. A. Mannick, and H. B. Hechtman. Reduction of polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation by inhibition of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthase in the rabbit. Surgery St. Louis 99: 72-80, 1986.
137. Paterson, I. S., J. M. Klausner, G. Goldman, L. Kobzic, R. Welbourn, C. R. Valeri, D. Shepro, and H. H. Hechtman. Thromboxane mediates the ischemia-induced neutrophil oxidative burst. Surgery St. Louis 106: 224-229, 1989.
138. Paterson, I. S., J. M. Klausner, G. Goldman, R. Welbourn, J. S. Alexander, D. Shepro, and H. H. Hechtman. The endothelial cell cytoskeleton modulates extravascular polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulations in vivo. Microvasc. Res. 38: 49-56, 1989.
139. Paul, J., A. Y. Bekker, and W. N. Duran. Calcium entry blockade prevents leakage of macromolecules induced by ischemia-reperfusion in skeletal muscle. Circ. Res. 66: 1636-1642, 1990.
140. Pellat, C., Y. Henry, and J. C. Drapier. IFN-γ-activated macrophages: detection by electron paramagnetic resonance of complexes between L-arginine-derived nitric oxide and non-heme iron proteins. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 166: 119-125, 1990.
141. Pemberton, M., G. Anderson, V. Vetvicka, D. E. Justus, and G. D. Ross. Microvascular effects of complement blockade with soluble recombinant CR1 on ischemia/reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle. J. Immunol. 150: 5104-5113, 1993.
142. Peterson, D. A., B. Kelley, and J. M. Gerrard. Allopurinol can act as an electron transfer agent. Is this relevant to reperfusion injury? Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 137: 76-79, 1986.
143. Petresak, P. F., S. Liauw, A. D. Romaschin, and P. M. Waiker. Salvage of postischemic skeletal muscle by monoclonal antibody blockade of neutrophil adhesion molecule CD18. J. Surg. Res. 56: 5-12, 1994.
144. Phillips, M. L., E. Neidelman, and F. C. Gaeta. ELAM-1 mediates cell adhesion by recognition of a carbohydrate ligand, Sialyl Lewis X. Science Wash. DC 250: 1130-1132, 1990.
145. Pincard, R. N., M. S. Olson, and P. C. Giclas. Consumption of classical complement components by heart subcellular membranes in vitro and in patients after acute myocardial infarction. J. Clin. Invest. 56: 740-750, 1975.
146. Policy, M. J., M. L. Phillips, E. Wayner, E. Nudelman, A. K. Singhal, S. Hakomori, and J. C. Paulson. CD62 and endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) recognize the same carbohydrate ligand, sialyl-Lewis x. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 6224-6228, 1991.
147. 2 and C in myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 29): H877-H883, 1991.
148. Radomski, M. W., R. M. Palmer, and S. Moncada. The role of nitric oxide and cGMP in platelet adhesion to vascular endothelium. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 148: 1482-1489, 1987.
149. Ranges, G. E., I. S. Figari, T. Espevik, and M. A. Palladino, Jr. Inhibition of cytotoxic T cell development by transforming growth factor beta and reversal by recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha. J. Exp. Med. 166: 991-998, 1987.
150. Reddy, B. R., R. A. Kloner, and K. Przyklenk. Early treatment with deferoxamine limits myocardial ischemic/ reperfusion injury. Free Radical Biol. Med. 7: 45-52, 1989.
151. Roberts, R. L., N. L. Mounessa, and J. I. Gallin. Increasing extracellular potassium causes calcium dependent shape change and facilitates concanavalin A capping in human neutrophils. J. Immunol. 132: 2000-2006, 1984.
152. Romaschin, A. D., I. Rebekya, G. J. Wilson, and D. A. G. Mickle. Conjugated dienes in ischemic and reperfused myocardium: an in vivo chemical signature of oxygen free radical mediated injury. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 19: 289-302, 1987.
153. Rossen, R. D., L. H. Michael, A. Kagiyama, H. E. Savage, G. Hanson, J. N. Reibery, J. N. Moake, S. H. Kim, S. Weakly, E. Giannini, and M. L. Entman. Mechanism of complement activation after coronary artery occlusion: evidence that myocardial ischemia in dogs causes release of constituents of myocardial subcellular origin that complex with human C1q in vivo. Circ. Res. 62: 572-584, 1988.
154. Rubin, B. B. Mechanisms of Prolonged Skeletal Muscle Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (PhD thesis). Toronto: University of Toronto, 1992.
155. Rubin, B. B., G. Chang, S. Liauw, A. Young, A. D. Romaschin, and P. M. Walker. Phospholipid peroxidation depletion and remodeling in postischemic skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 32): H1695-H1702, 1992.
156. Rubin, B. B., S. Liauw, J. Tittley, A. D. Romaschin, and P. M. Walker. Prolonged adenine nucleotide resynthesis and reperfusion injury in postischemic skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 262 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 31): H1538-H1547, 1992.
157. Rubin, B. B., O. Rothstein, G. Lucaks, D. Bailey, A. D. Romaschin, and P. M. Walker. Decreased leukocyte adhesion with anti CD18 monoclonal antibodies is due to receptor internalization. Surgery St. Louis 112: 263-269, 1992.
158. Rubin, B. B., A. Smith, S. Liauw, D. E. Isenman, A. D. Romaschin, and P. M. Walker. Complement activation and white cell sequestration in postischemic skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 28): H525-H531, 1990.
159. Rubin, B. B., A. Smith, J. Tittley, A. D. Romaschin, and P. M. Walker. A clinically applicable method for long term salvage of postischemic skeletal muscle. J. Vasc. Surg. 13: 53-63, 1991.
160. Schafer, H., D. Mathey, F. Hugo, and S. Bhakdi. Deposition of the terminal C5b-9 complex in infarcted areas of human myocardium. J. Immunol. 137: 1945-1949, 1986.
161. Schmeling, D. J., M. G. Caty, K. T. Oldham, K. S. Guice, and D. B. Hinshaw. Evidence for neutrophil-related acute lung injury after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. Surgery St. Louis 106: 195-202, 1989.
162. Schmid-Schonbein, G. W. Capillary plugging by granulocytes and the no-reflow phenomenon in the microcirculation (Review). Federation Proc. 46: 2397-2401, 1987.
163. Schoenberg, M. H., B. Poch, M. Younes, A. Schwartz, K. Baczako, C. Lundberg, U. Haglund, and H. G. Beger. Involvement of neutrophils in postischemic damage to the small intestine. Gut 32: 905-912, 1991.
164. Schott, R. J., B. S. Nao, T. B. McClanahan, P. J. Simpson, M. C. Stirling, R. F. Todd III, and K. P. Gallagher. F(ab′)2 fragments of anti-Mol (904) monoclonal antibodies do not prevent myocardial stunning. Circ. Res. 65: 1112-1124, 1989.
165. Seekamp, A., M. S. Mulligan, G. O. Till, and P. A. Ward. Requirements for neutrophil products and L-arginine in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am. J. Pathol. 142: 1217-1226, 1993.
166. Seekamp, A., J. S. Warren, D. G. Remick, G. O. Till, and P. A. Ward. Requirements for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 in limb ischemia/reperfusion injury and associated lung injury. Am. J. Pathol. 143: 453-463, 1993.
167. Seewalt-Becker, E. R., R. Rothlein, and J. W. Dammgen. CD18 dependent adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium and its relevance for cardiac reperfusion. In: Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules, edited by T. Springer, D. C. Anderson, A. Rosenthal, and R. Rothlein. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1989, p. 138-148.
168. Sekizuka, E., J. N. Benoit, M. B. Grisham, and D. N. Granger. Dimethylsulfoxide prevents chemoattractant induced leukocyte adherence. Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 25): H594-H597, 1989.
169. Sengelov, H., L. Kjeldsen, M. S. Diamond, T. A. Springer, and N. Borregaard. Subcellular localization and dynamics of Mac-1 (alpha m beta 2) in human neutrophils. J. Clin. Invest. 92: 1467-1476, 1993.
170. Shappell, S. B., C. Toman, D. C. Anderson, A. A. Taylor, M. L. Entman, and C. W. Smith. Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) mediates adherence-dependent hydrogen peroxide production by human and canine neutrophils. J. Immunol. 144: 2702-2711, 1990.
171. Siegfried, M. R., C. Carey, X. L. Ma, and A. M. Lefer. Beneficial effects of SPM-5185, a cysteine-containing NO donor in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 32): H771-H777, 1992.
172. Siegfried, M. R., J. Erhardt, T. Rider, X. L. Ma, and A. M. Lefer. Cardioprotection and attenuation of endothelial dysfunction by organic nitric oxide donors in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 260: 668-675, 1992.
173. Simpson, P. J., J. A. Schelm, and G. F. Smith. Therapeutic defibrination with ancrod does not protect canine myocardium from reperfusion injury. J. Pharmacol. Exp Ther. 256: 780-786, 1991.
174. Simpson, P. J., R. F. Todd, J. C. Fantone, J. K. Mickelson, J. D. Griffin, and B. R. Luchessi. Reduction of experimental canine myocardial reperfusion injury by a monoclonal antibody (anti-Mol, anti-CD11b) that inhibits leukocyte adhesion. J. Clin. Invest. 81: 624-629, 1988.
175. Simpson, P. J., R. F. Todd, R. F. Mickleson, J. C. Fantone, K. P. Gallagher, K. A. Lee, Y. Tamura, M. Cronin, and B. R. Luchessi. Sustained limitation of myocardial reperfusion injury by a monoclonal antibody that alters leukocyte function. Circulation 81: 226-237, 1990.
176. Smith, A., G. Hayes, A. D. Romaschin, and P. M. Walker. The role of extracellular calcium in ischemia/reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. J. Surg. Res. 49: 153-156, 1990.
177. Smith, C. W. Molecular determinants of neutrophil activation. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2: 487-499, 1990.
178. Smith, C. W., M. L. Entman, C. L. Lane, A. L. Beaudet, T. I. Ty, K. Youker, H. K. Hawkins, and D. C. Anderson. Adherence of neutrophils to canine cardiac myocytes in vitro is dependent on intercellular adhesion molecule-1. J. Clin. Invest. 88: 1216-1223, 1991.
179. Smith, C. W., T. K. Kishimoto, and O. Abbass. Chemotactic factors regulate lectin adhesion molecule 1 (LECAM-1)-dependent neutrophil adhesion to cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 87: 609-618, 1991.
180. Smith, C. W., S. D. Martin, R. Rothlein, C. Toman, and D. C. Anderson. Cooperative interactions of LFA-1 and Mac-1 with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in facilitating adherence and transendothelial migration of human neutrophils in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 83: 2008-2017, 1989.
181. Smith, J. K., D. L. Carden, M. B. Grisham, D. N. Granger, and R. J. Korthuis. Role of iron in postischemic microvascular injury. Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 25): H1472-H1477, 1989.
182. Smith, J. K., D. L. Carden, and H. J. Korthuis. Role of xanthine oxidase in postischemic microvascular injury in skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 26): H1782-H1789, 1987.
183. Smith, J. K., M. B. Grisham, D. N. Granger, and R. J. Korthuis. Free radical defense mechanisms and neutrophil infiltration in postischemic skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 25): H789-H793, 1989.
184. Smith, S. S., C. C. Joneckis, and L. V. Parise. Regulation of vascular integrins. Blood 81: 2827-2843, 1993.
185. Sobel, B. E., P. B. Corr, A. K. Robison, R. A. Goldstein, F. X. Witkowski, and M. S. Klein. Accumulation of lysophosphoglycerides with arrhythmogenic properties in ischemic myocardium. J. Clin. Invest. 62: 546-553, 1978.
186. Soussi, B., J. P. Idstrom, T. Schersten, and A. C. Bylund-Fellenius. Cytochrome-c oxidase and cardiolipin alterations in response to skeletal muscle ischaemia and reperfusion. Acta Physiol. Scand. 138: 107-114, 1990.
187. Stubbs, C. D., and A. D. Smith. The modification of mammalian membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in relation to membrane fluidity and function. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 779: 89-137, 1984.
188. Suttorp, N., W. Seeger, J. Zucker-Reiman, J. Roka, and S. Bhakdi. Mechanism of leukotriene generation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes by staphylococcus alpha-toxin. Infect. Immunol. 55. 104-110, 1987.
189. Suzuki, M., H. Asako, P. Kubes, M. B. Grisham, and D. N. Granger. Neutrophil derived oxidants promote leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venules. Microvasc. Res. 42: 125-138, 1991.
190. Suzuki, M., M. B. Grisham, and D. N. Granger. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions: role of xanthine oxidase-derived oxidants. J. Leukocyte Biol. 50: 488-494, 1989.
191. Suzuki, M., W. Inauen, P. R. Kvietys, M. B. Grisham, C. Meininger, M. E. Schelling, H. J. Granger, and D. N. Granger. Superoxide mediates reperfusion-induced leukocyte endothelial interactions. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 26): H1740-H1745, 1989
192. Tanaka, M., S. E. Brooks, V. J. Richard, G. P. FitzHarris, R. C. Stoler, R. Jennings, K. E. Arfors, and K. A. Reimer. Effect of anti-CD18 antibody on myocardial neutrophil accumulation and infarct size after ischemia and reperfusion in dogs. Circulation 87: 526-535, 1993.
193. Tonnesen, M. G. Neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions: mechanisms of neutrophil adherence to vascular endothelium. J. Invest. Dermatol. 93: 53S-58S, 1989.
194. Tsao, P. S., N. Aoki, D. J. Lefer, G. Johnson III, and A. M. Lefer. Time course of endothelial dysfunction and myocardial injury during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in the cat. Circulation 82: 1402-1412, 1990.
195. Tsunawaki, S., M. Sporn, A. Ding, and C. Nathan. Deactivation of macrophages by transforming growth factor-beta. Nature Lond. 334: 260-262, 1988.
196. Turnage, R. H., J. Bagnasco, J. Berger, K. S. Guice, K. T. Oldham, and D. B. Hinshaw. Hepatocellular oxidant stress following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J. Surg. Res. 51: 467-471, 1991.
197. VanBenthuysen, K. M., I. F. McMurtry, and L. D. Horwitz. Reperfusion after acute coronary occlusion in dogs impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine and augments contractile reactivity in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 79: 265-274, 1987.
198. Walden, D. L., H. J. McCutchan, and E. G. Enquist. Neutrophils accumulate and contribute to skeletal muscle dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 28): H1809-H1812, 1990.
199. Walker, P. M., T. F. Lindsay, R. Labbe, D. A. G. Mickle, and A. D. Romaschin. Salvage of skeletal muscle with free radical scavengers. J. Vasc. Surg. 5: 68-75, 1987.
200. Wallis, W. J., D. D. Hickstein, B. R. Schwartz, C. H. June, H. D. Ochs, P. G. Beatty, S. J. Hebanoff, and J. M. Harlan. Monoclonal antibody-defined functional epitopes on the adhesion-promoting glycoprotein complex (CDw18) of human neutrophils. Blood 67: 1007-1013, 1986.
201. Wankowicz, Z., P. Megyeri, and A. Issekutz. Synergy between tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 in the induction of polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration during inflammation. J. Leukocyte Biol. 43: 349-356, 1988.
202. Weisman, H. F., T. Bartow, and M. K. Leppo. Soluble human complement receptor type 1: in vivo inhibitor of complement supressing postischemic myocardial inflammation and necrosis. Science Wash. DC 249: 146-151, 1990.
203. Weiss, S. J. Tissue destruction by neutrophils. N. Engl. J. Med. 320: 365-376, 1989.
204. Welbourn, R., G. Goldman, L. Kobzic, I. S. Paterson, C. R. Valeri, D. Shepro, and H. H. Hechtman. Neutrophil adherence receptors (CD18) in ischemia. Dissociation between quantitative cell surface expression and diapedesis mediated by leukotriene B4. J. Immunol. 145: 1906-1911, 1990.
205. Welbourn, R., G. Goldman, M. O'Riordain, T. F. Lindsay, I. S. Paterson, L. Kobzic, C. R. Valeri, D. Shepro, and H. H. Hechtman. Role for tumor necrosis factor as mediator of lung injury following lower torso ischemia. J. Appl. Physiol. 70: 2645-2649, 1991.
206. Welbourn, R., G. Goldman, I. S. Paterson, D. Shepro, and H. H. Hechtman. Pathophysiology of ischemia reperfusion injury; central role of the neutrophil. Br. J. Surg. 78: 651-655, 1991.
207. Wesselcouch, E. O., R. I. Grove, C. D. Deniusz, and A. J. Baird. Effect of in vivo inhibition of neutrophil adherence on skeletal muscle function during ischemia in ferrets. Am. J. Physiol. 261 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 30): H1178-H1183, 1991.
208. Weyrich, A. S., X. L. Ma, D. J. Lefer, K. H. Albertine, and A. M. Lefer. In vivo neutralization of P-selectin protects feline heart and endothelium in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. J. Clin. Invest. 91: 2620-2629, 1993.
209. Wink, D. A., I. Hanbauer, M. C. Krishna, W. DeGraff, J. Gamson, and J. B. Mitchell. Nitric oxide protects against cellular damage and cytotoxicity from reactive oxygen species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 9813-9817, 1993.
210. Winn, R. K., D. Liggitt, N. B. Vedder, J. C. Paulson, and J. M. Harlan. Anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody attenuates reperfusion injury to the rabbit ear. J. Clin. Invest. 92: 2042-2047, 1993.
211. 2 in canine myocardium. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 7295-7303, 1985.
212. Yokata, J., J. P. Minei, G. A. Fantini, and G. T. Shires. Role of leukocytes in reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle after partial ischemia. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 26): H1068-H1075, 1989.
213. Yoshida, N., D. N. Granger, D. C. Anderson, R. Rothlein, C. L. Lane, and P. R. Kvietys. Anoxia/reoxygenation-induced neutrophil adherence to cultured endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 250 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 19): H1204-H1207, 1992.
214. Youker, K., C. W. Smith, D. C. Anderson, D. Miller, L. H. Michael, R. D. Rossen, and M. L. Entman. Neutrophil adherence to isolated adult cardiac myocytes. Induction by cardiac lymph collected during ischemia and reperfusion. J. Clin. Invest. 89: 602-609, 1992.
215. Zhu, Q., S. Chen, and C. Zoo. Protective effects of an adenosine doaminase inhibitor on ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated perfused rat heart. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 28): H835-H838, 1990.
216. Zimmerman, B. J., and D. N. Granger. Reperfusion-induced leukocyte infiltration: role of elastase. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 28): H390-H394, 1990.
217. 4 in granulocyte infiltration into the postischemic feline intestine. Gastroenterology 99: 1358-1363, 1990.
218. Zimmerman, B. J., D. A. Parks, M. B. Grisham, and D. N. Granger. Allopurinol does not enhance antioxidant properties of extracellular fluid. Am. J. Physiol. 255 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 24): H202-H206, 1988.
219. Zoeller, R. A., and C. R. Raetz. Isolation of animal cell mutants deficient in plasmalogen biosynthesis and peroxisome assembly. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 5170-5174, 1986.