Human energy expenditure in affluent societies : An analysis of 574 doubly-labelled water measurements

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 50, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 72-92

  Black, A E ^a   Coward, W A ^a   Cole, T J ^a   Prentice, A M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Basal metabolic rate; Doubly labelled water method; Energy expenditure; Physical activity level

Indexed keywords

WATER;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; BASAL METABOLIC RATE; BODY HEIGHT; BODY SIZE; BODY WEIGHT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA BASE; ENDURANCE; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; FEMALE; GENDER; HUMAN; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SOCIAL ASPECT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BODY CONSTITUTION; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DEUTERIUM; ENERGY METABOLISM; EXERCISE; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; MALE; METHODS; MIDDLE AGED; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEX FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; WATER;

APOGON BRACHYGRAMMUS;

EID: 0030062967     PISSN: 09543007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Bandini LG, Schoeller DA, Cyr HN & Dietz WH (1990): Validity of reported energy intake in obese and nonobese adolescents. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 52, 421-425.
2. Black AE, Goldberg GR, Jebb SA, Livingstone MBE, Cole TJ & Prentice AM (1991): Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology: 2. Evaluating the results of published surveys. Eur. J. Clin Nutr. 45, 583-599.
3. Department of Health (1991): Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom. Rep. Hlth Soc. Subj. 41. London: HMSO.
4. FAO/WHO/UNU (1985): Energy and protein requirements. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU consultation. Techm. Rep. Ser. 724. Geneva: World Health Organization.
5. Goldberg GR, Davies HL, Murgatroyd PR & Prentice AM (1987): Overnight metabolic rate in men and women. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 46, 118A.
6. IDECG (1990): The doubly-labelled water method for measuring energy expenditure. Technical recommendations for use in humans. A concensus report by the International Dietary Energy Consultancy Group. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Authority.
7. James WPT, Ferro-Luzzi A & Waterlow JC (1988): Definition of chronic energy deficiency in adults. Report of a working party of the International Dietary Energy Consultancy Group. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 42, 969-981.
8. Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Metsäla P & Rautanen Y (1961): Diet and serum cholesterol of lumberjacks. Br. J. Nutr. 15, 157-163.
9. Kuczmarski RJ, Flegel KM, Campbell SM & Johnson CL (1994): Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. 1960-1991. J. Am. Med. Ass. 272, 205-211.
10. Livingstone MBE, Prentice AM, Coward WA, Strain JJ, Black AE, Davies PSW, Stewart CM. McKenna PG & Whitehead RG (1991): Validation of estimates of energy intake by weighed dietary record and diet history in children and adolescents. Am. J. Clin. Nurr. 56, 29-35.
11. Moss KN (1923): Some effects of high air temperatures and muscular exertion upon colliers. Proc. R. Soc. B95, 181-200.
12. Prentice AM. Goldberg GR, Davies HL, Murgatroyd PR & Scott W (1989): Energy-sparing adaptations in human pregnancy assessed by whole-body calorimetry. Br. J. Nutr. 62, 5-22.
13. Prentice AM, Poppitt SD, Goldberg GR, Murgatroyd PR, Black AE & Coward WA (1994): Energy balance in pregnancy and lactation. In Nutrient regulation during pregnancy, lactation and infant growth, eds L Allen, J King & B Lönnerdal, pp 11-26. New York: Plenum Press
14. Royston P & Altman DG (1994): Regression using fractional polynomials of continuous covariates: parsimonious parametric modelling (with discussion). Appl. Stat.: J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C 43, 429-467.
15. Schofield W. Schofield C & James WPT (1985): Basal metabolic rate - review and prediction, together with an annotated bibliography of source material. Hum Nutr.: Clin. Nutr. 39C, Suppl. 1.
16. Schulz LO & Schoeller DA (1994): A compilation of total daily energy expenditures and body weight in healthy adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60, 676-681.
17. Singh J, Prentice AM, Diaz E, Coward WA, Ashford J, Sawyer M & Whitehead RG (1989): Energy expenditure of Gambian women during peak agricultural activity measured by the doubly-labelled water method. Br. J. Nutr. 62, 315-329.
18. White A, Nicholas G, Foster K. Browne F & Carey S (1993): Health survey for England 1991. London: HMSO.
19. Roberts SB, Heyman MB, Evans WJ, Fuss P, Tsay R & Young VR (1991): Dietary energy requirements of young adult men, determined by using the doubly-labeled water method. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 54, 499-505.
20. Goran MI, Beer WH, Wolfe RR, Poehlman ET & Young VR (1993): Variation in total energy expenditure in young healthy free-living men. Metabolism 42, 487-496.
21. Black AE, Goldberg GR, Jebb SA, Bingham SA, Livingstone MBE & Prentice AM (1992): Validations of dietary assessment using doubly labelled water. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 51, 72A.
22. Stubbs RJ, Ritz P, Coward WA & Prentice AM (1995): Covert manipulation of the ratio of dietary fat to carbohydrate and energy density: effect on food intake and energy balance in free-living men eating ad libitum. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62, 330-337.
23. Meijer GAL, Westerterp KR, van Hulsel AMP & ten Hoor F (1992): Physical activity and energy expenditure in lean and obese human subjects. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 65, 525-528.
24. Welle S, Forbes GB, Statt M, Barnard RR & Amatruda JM (1992): Energy expenditure under free-living conditions in normal-weight and overweight women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 55, 14-21.
25. Black AE, Jebb SA, Bingham SA, Runswick S & Poppitt S (1995): The validation of energy and protein intakes against energy expenditure by doubly-labelled water and 24-hour urinary nitrogen excretion in post-obese subjects. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. 8, 51-64.
26. Black AE, Welch AW & Bingham SA (unpublished data): Energy expenditure and nitrogen excretion in free-living middle-aged women.
27. Black AE & Prentice AM (unpublished data): Energy expenditure in lean women.
28. Schoeller DA & van Santen E (1982): Measurement of energy expenditure in humans by doubly labeled water method. J. Appl. Physiol. 53, 955-959.
29. Huss-Ashmore R, Goodman JL, Sibiya TE & Stein TP (1989): Energy expenditure of young Swazi women as measured by the doubly-labelled water method. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 43, 737-748.
30. Tuschl RJ, Platte P, Laessle RG, Stichler W & Pirke K-M (1990): Energy expenditure and everyday eating behaviour. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 52, 81-86.
31. Verboeket-van de Venne WPHG, Westerterp KR & Kester ADM (1993): Effect of the pattern of food intake on human energy metabolism. Br. J. Nutr. 70, 103-115.
32. Prentice AM, Leavesley K, Murgatroyd PR, Coward WA, Schorah CJ, Bladon PT & Whitehead RG (1989): Is severe wasting in elderly mental patients caused by an excessive energy requirement? Age Aging 18, 158-167.
33. Goran MI & Poehlman ET (1992): Total energy expenditure and energy requirements in healthy elderly persons. Metabolism 41, 744-753.
34. Roberts SB, Young VR, Fuss P, Heyman MB, Fiatarone M, Dallai GE, Cortiella J & Evans WJ (1992): What are the dietary energy needs of elderly adults? Int. J. Obes. 16, 969-976.
35. Pannemans DLE & Westerterp KR (1993): Estimation of energy intake to feed subjects at energy balance as verified with doubly-labelled water: a study in the elderly. Ear. J. Clin. Nutr. 47, 490-496.
36. Reilly JJ, Lord A, Bunker VW, Prentice AM, Coward WA, Thomas AJ & Bnggs RS (1993): Energy balance in healthy elderly women. Br. J. Nutr. 69, 21-27.
37. Fuller NJ, Sawyer, MB, Coward WA, Paxton P & Elia M (in press): Components of total energy expenditure and their relationship to quality of life indices in free-living elderly men (over 75 years of age). Br. J. Nutr.
38. Bandini LG, Schoeller DA, Cyr HN & Dietz WH (1990): Validity of reported energy intake in obese and nonobese adolescents. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 52, 421-425.
39. Livingstone MBE, Prentice AM, Coward WA, Ceesay SM, Strain J, McKenna PG, Nevin GB, Barker ME & Hickey RJ (1990): Simultaneous measurement of free-living energy expenditure by the doubly labeled water method and heart-rate monitoring. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 52, 59-65.
40. 18O) method for the measurement of energy expenditure in children. Eur. J. Appl Physiol. 65, 99-103.
41. Fontvieille AM, Harper IT, Ferrara RT, Spraul M & Ravussin E (1993): Daily energy expenditure by five-year-old children, measured by doubly labeled water. J. Pediatr. 123, 200-207.
42. Schoeller DA, Levitsky LL, Bandini LG, Dietz WW & Walczak A (1988): Energy expenditure and body composition in Prader-Willi syndrome. Metabolism 37, 115-120.
43. Davies PSW, Livingstone MBE, Prentice AM. Coward WA, Jagger SE, Stewart C, Strain JJ & Whitehead RG (1991): Total energy expenditure during childhood and adolescence. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 50, 14A.
44. Goran MI, Carpenter WH & Poehlman ET (1993): Total energy expenditure in 4- to 6-yr-old children. Am. J. Physiol. 264, E706-E711.
45. Davies PSW, Coward WA, Gregory J, White A & Mills A (1994): Total energy expenditure and energy intake in the pre-school child: a comparison. Br. J. Nutr. 72, 13-20.
46. Klein PD, James WPT, Wong WW, Irving CS, Murgatroyd PR, Cabrera M, Dallosso HM, Klein ER & Nichols BL (1984): Calorimetric validation of the doubly-labelled water method for determination of energy expenditure in man. Hum. Nutr.: Clin. Nutr. 38C, 95-106.
47. Schoeller DA & Webb P (1984): Five-day comparison of the doubly labeled water method with respiratory gas exchange. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 40, 153-158.
48. Prentice AM, Coward, WA, Murgatroyd PR, Davies HL, Cole TJ. Sawyer M, Goldberg GR, Halliday D & Macnamara JP (1985): Validation of the doubly-labelled water method for measurement of energy expenditure by continuous whole-body calorimetry over 12-day periods in man. In Substrate and energy metabolism, eds JS Garrow & D Halliday, p 18. London: John Libbey.
49. 2O; comparisons between calorimeters and isotope values. In Human energy metabolism: physical activity and energy expenditure measurements in epidemiological research based upon clincial and indirect calorimetry, EURO-NUT Report 5. ed AJH van Es, pp 126-128. Den Haag: CIP-gegevens Koninklijke Bibliotheek.
50. Schoeller DA, Ravussin E, Schutz Y, Acheson KJ, Baertschi P & Jéquier E (1986): Energy expenditure by doubly labeled water: validation in humans and proposed calculation. Am. J. Physiol. 250, R823-R830.
51. Westerterp KR, Brouns F, Saris WHM & ten Hoor F (1988): Comparison of doubly labeled water with respirometry at low-and high-activity levels. J. Appl. Physiol. 65, 53-56.
52. Bandini LG, Schoeller DA, Edwards J, Young VR, Oh SH & Dietz WH (1989): Energy expenditure during carbohydrate overfeeding in obese and nonobese adolescents. Am. J. Physiol 256, E357-E367.
53. Seale JL, Rumpler WV, Conway JM & Miles CW (1990): Comparison of doubly labeled water, intake-balance, and direct- and indirect-calorimetry methods for measuring energy expenditure in adult men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 52, 66-71.
54. Ravussin E, Harper IT, Rising R & Bogardus C (1991): Energy expenditure by doubly labeled water: validation in lean and obese subjects. Am. J. Physiol. 261, E402-E409.
55. Haggarty P, McNeill G, McGaw BA, Christie SL, Morrison DC, Milne E & Duncan G (1991): Energy intake and expenditure in divers during a 450 m working dive. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 51, 49A.
56. Seale JL, Conway JM & Canary JJ (1993): Seven-day validation of doubly labeled water method using indirect room calorimetry J. Appl. Physiol. 74, 402-409.
57. Bingham SA, Goldberg GR, Coward WA, Prentice AM & Cummings JH (1989): The effect of exercise and improved physical fitness on basal metabolic rate. Br. J. Nutr. 61, 155-173.
58. Blaak EE, Westerterp KR, Bar-Or O, Wouters LJM & Saris WHM (1992): Total energy expenditure and spontaneous activity in relation to training in obese boys. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 55, 777-782.
59. Westerterp KR, Meijer GAL, Janssen EME, Saris WHM & ten Hoor F (1992): Long-term effect of physical activity on energy balance and body composition. Br. J. Nutr. 68, 21-30.
60. Westerterp KR, Saris WHM, van Es M & ten Hoor F (1986): Use of the doubly labeled water technique in humans during heavy sustained exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 61, 2162-2167.
61. Haggarty P & McGaw BA (1988): Energy expenditure of elite female athletes measured by the doubly-labelled water method. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 47, 74A.
62. Schulz LO, Alger S, Harper I, Wilmore JH & Ravussin E (1992): Energy expenditure of elite female runners measured by respiratory chamber and doubly labeled water. J. Appl. Physiol. 72, 23-28.
63. Jones PJ & Leitch CA (1993): Validation of doubly labeled water for measurement of caloric expenditure in collegiate swimmers. J. Appl. Physiol. 74, 2909-2914.
64. Edwards JE, Lindeman AK, Mikesky AE & Stager JM (1993): Energy balance in highly trained female endurance runners. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 25, 1398-1404.
65. Södin AM, Andersson AB, Högberg JM & Westerterp KR (1994): Energy balance in cross country skiers. A study using doubly labelled water. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 26, 720-724.
66. Westerterp KR, Kayser B, Brouns F, Herry JP & Saris WHM (1992): Energy expenditure climbing Mt Everest. J. Appl. Physiol. 73, 1815-1819.
67. 18O) during an Arctic Expedition. Eur. J. Appl. Phsyiol. 67, 375-379.
68. Forbes-Ewan CH, Morrissey BLL, Gregg GC & Waters DR (1989): Use of doubly labeled water technique in soldiers training for jungle warfare. J. Appl. Physiol. 67, 14-18.
69. 18O to measure energy expenditure of soldiers at different energy intakes. J. Appl. Physiol. 67, 1922-1929.
70. Hoyt RW, Jones TE, Stein TP, McAninch BW, Lieberman HR, Askew EW & Cymerman A (1991): Doubly labeled water measurements of human energy expenditure during strenuous exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 71, 16-22.
71. Burstein R, Epstein Y, Coward WA, Sawyer MB, Moran D, Irving CF, Shpilberg O, Askew EW, Lev B & Wiener M (1993): Energy balance in subjects performing physical efforts in cold climate. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 25, Suppl.
72. Jones PJH, Jacobs I, Morris A & Ducharme MB (1993): Adequacy of food rations in soldiers during an arctic exercise measured by doubly labeled water. J. Appl. Physiol. 75, 1790-1797.
73. Pirke KM, Trimborn P, Platte P & Fichter M (1991): Average total energy expenditure in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and healthy young women. Biol. Psych. 30, 711-718.
74. Westerterp KR, Saris WHM, Soeters PB & ten Hoor F (1991): Determinants of weight loss after vertical banded gastroplasty. Int. J. Obes. 15, 529-534.
75. Westerterp KR, Meijer GA, Saris WH, Soeters PB, Winants Y & ten Hoor F (1991): Physical activity and sleeping metabolic rate. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 23, 166-170.
76. Casper RC, Schoeller DA, Kushner R, Hnilicka J & Trainer Gold S (1991): Total daily energy expenditure and activity level in anorexia nervosa. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53, 1143-1150.
77. Bandini LG, Schoeller DA, Fukagawa NK, Wykes LJ & Dietz WH (1991): Body composition and energy expenditure in adolescents with cerebral palsy or myelodysplasia. Pediatr. Res. 29, 70-77.
78. Stein TP, Johnston FE & Greiner L (1988): Energy expenditure and socioeconomic status in Guatemala as measured by the doubly labelled water method. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 47, 196-200.
79. Riumallo JA, Schoeller D, Barrera G, Gattas V & Uauy R (1989): Energy expenditure in underweight free-living adults: impact of energy supplementation as determined by doubly labeled water and indirect calorimetry. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 49, 239-246.
80. Diaz E, Goldberg GR, Taylor M, Savage JM, Sellen D, Coward WA & Prentice AM (1991): Effects of dietary supplementation on work performance in Gambian laborers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53, 803-811.
81. Singh J, Prentice AM, Diaz E, Coward WA, Ashford J, Sawyer M & Whitehead RG (1989): Energy expenditure of Gambian women during peak agricultural activity measured by the doubly-labelled water method. Br. J. Nutr. 62, 315-329.
82. Goldberg GR, Prentice AM, Coward WA, Davies HL, Murgatroyd PR, Sawyer M, Ashford J & Black AE (1991): Longitudinal assessment of the components of energy balance in well-nourished lactating women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 54, 788-798.
83. Heini A, Schutz Y, Diaz E, Prentice AM, Whitehead RG & Jequier E (1991): Free-living energy expenditure measured by two independent techniques in pregnant and nonpregnant Gambian women. Am. J. Physiol. 261, E9-E17.
84. Heini A, Schutz Y & Jéquier E (1992): Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure in pregnant and nonpregnant Gambian women, measured in a whole-body indirect calorimeter. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 55, 1078-1085.
85. Forsum E, Kabir N, Sadurskis A & Westerterp K (1992): Total energy expenditure of healthy Swedish women during pregnancy and lactation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 56, 334-342.
86. Sohlström A (1993): Body fat during reproduction in a nutritional perspective. Studies in women and rats. Karolinska Institute, Stockholm: PhD thesis.
87. Goldberg GR, Prentice AM, Coward WA, Davies HL, Murgatroyd PR, Wensing C, Black AE, Ashford J & Sawyer M (1993): Longitudinal assessment of energy expenditure in pregnancy by the doubly labeled water method. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 57, 494-505.
88. Lovelady CA, Meredith CN, McCrory MA, Nommsen LA, Joseph LJ & Dewey KG (1993): Energy expenditure in lactating women: a comparison of doubly labeled water and heart-rate-monitoring methods. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 57, 512-518.
89. Bronstein MN, Mak RP & King JC (submitted): Basal and total energy expenditure in the obese pregnant woman.