The ToxR protein of Vibrio cholerae forms homodimers and heterodimers

Journal of Bacteriology

Volumn 178, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 156-162

  Ottemann, Karen M ^a,b   Mekalanos, John J ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; CROSS LINKING; DISULFIDE BOND; GENE EXPRESSION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; VIBRIO CHOLERAE;

ACRONICTA LEPORINA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); VIBRIO CHOLERAE;

EID: 0030059639     PISSN: 00219193     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.1.156-162.1996     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Albright, L. M., E. Huala, and F. M. Ausubel. 1989. Prokaryotic signal transduction mediated by sensor and regulator protein pairs. Annu. Rev. Genet 23:311-336.
2. Ausubel, F. M., R. Brent, R. E. Kingston, D. E. Moore, J. G. Seidman, J. A. Smith, and K. Struhl. 1994. Current protocols in molecular biology, vol. 1. John Wiley & Sons. Inc., New York.
3. Bardwell, J. C. A., K. McGovern, and J. Beckwith. 1991. Identification of a protein required for disulfide bond formation in vivo. Cell 76:581-589.
4. Carson, M. J., J. Barondess, and J. Beckwith. 1991. The FtsQ protein of Escherichia coli: membrane topology, abundance, and cell division phenotypes due to overproduction and insertion mutations. J. Bacteriol. 173:2187-2195
5. Dell, C. L., M. N. Neely, and E. R. Olson. 1994. Altered pH and lysine signaling mutants of cadC, a gene encoding a membrane-bound transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli cadBA operon. Mol. Microbiol. 14:7-16.
6. DiRita, V. J., and J. J. Mekalanos. 1991. Periplasmic interaction between two membrane regulatory proteins, ToxR and ToxS, results in signal transduction and transcriptional activation. Cell 64:29-37.
7. DiRita, V. J., C. Parsot, G. Jander, and J. J. Mekalanos. 1991. Regulatory cascade controls virulence in Vibrio choleras. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 88:5403-5407.
8. Dziejman, M., and J. J. Mekalanos. 1994. Analysis of membrane protein interactions: ToxR can dimerize the amino-terminus of lambda repressor. Mol Microbiol. 13:485-494.
9. Falke, J. J., and D. E. Koshland, Jr. 1987. Global flexibility in a sensory receptor, a site-directed cross-linking approach. Science 237:1596-1600.
10. Gurd, F. R. N. 1972. Carboxymethylation. Methods Enzymol 25:424-438.
11. Higgins, D. E., and V. J. DiRita. 1994. Transcriptional control of toxT, a regulatory gene in the ToxR regulon of Vibrio cholerae. Mol. Microbiol. 14:17-29.
12. Higgins, D. E., E. Nazareno, and V. J. DiRita. 1992. The virulence gene activator ToxT from Vibrio cholerae is a member of the AraC family of transcriptional activators. J. Bacteriol 174:6874-6980.
13. Holmgren, J. 1973. Comparison of the tissue receptors for Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli enterotoxins by means of gangliosides and natural cholera toxin. Infect. Immun 8:851-859.
14. Kolmar, H., F. Heunecke, K. Götze, B. Junzer, B. Vogt, F. Mayer, and H. Fritz. 1995. Membrane insertion of the bacterial signal transduction protein ToxR and requirements of transcription activation studied by modular replacement of different protein substructures. EMBO J 14:3895-3904.
15. Mekalanos, J. J., D. J. Swartz, G. D. Pearson, N. Harford, F. Groyne, and M. deWilde. 1983. Cholera toxin genes: nucleotide sequence, deletion analysis and vaccine development. Nature (London) 306:551-557
16. Michaelis, S., H. Inouye, D. Oliver, and J. Beckwith. 1983 Mutations that alter the signal sequence of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli. J Bactenol. 154:366-374.
17. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y
18. Miller, V. L., V. J. DiRita, and J. J. Mekalanos. 1989. Identification of toxS. a regulatory gene whose product enhances toxR-mediated activation of the choleia toxin promoter J. Bactenol. 171:1288-1293
19. Miller, V. L., and J. J. Mekalanos. 1984. Synthesis of cholera toxin is positively regulated at the transcriptional level by toxR Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:3471-3475.
20. Miller, V. L., and J. J. Mekalanos. 1988. A novel suicide vector and its use in construction of insertion mutations, osmoregulation of outer membrane proteins and virulence determinants in Vibrio cholerae requires toxR J. Bactenol. 170:2575-2583
21. Miller, V. L., R. K. Taylor, and J. J. Mekalanos. 1987. Cholera toxin transcriptional activator ToxR is a transmembrane DNA binding protein. Cell 48:271-279
22. Neely, M., and E. Olson. Personal communication.
23. Newhall, W. J., W. D. Sawyer, and R. A. Haak. 1980. Cross-linking analysis of the outer membrane proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect. Immun. 28:785-791.
24. Ottemann, K. M., V. J. DiRita, and J. J. Mekalanos. 1992. ToxR proteins with substitutions in residues conserved with OmpR fail to activate transcription from the cholera toxin promoter. J. Bacteriol. 174:6807-6814.
25. Ottemann, K. M., and J. J. Mekalanos. 1995. Analysis of Vibrio cholerae ToxR function by construction of novel fusion proteins Mol. Microbiol 15:719-731.
26. Parkinson, J. S., and E. C. Kofoid. 1992. Communication modules in bacterial signaling proteins. Annu Rev. Genet. 26:71-112.
27. Pearson, G. D., V. J. DiRita, M. B. Goldberg, S. A. Boyko, S. B. Calderwood, and J. J. Mekalanos. 1990 New attenuated derivatives of Vibrio cholerae. Res. Microbiol. 141:893-899
28. Peters, K., and F. M. Richards. 1977. Chemical cross-linking: reagents and problems in studies of membrane structure. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 46:523-551.
29. Peterson, K. M., and J. J. Mekalanos. 1988. Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae ToxR regulori: identification of novel genes involved in intestinal colonization. Infect. Immun. 56:2822-2829
30. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
31. Scheele, G., and R. Jacoby. 1982. Conformational changes associated with proteolytic processing of presecretory proteins allow glutathione-catalyzed formation of native disulfide bonds. J. Biol. Chem. 257:12277-12282.
32. Stock, J. B., A. J. Ninfa, and A. M. Stock. 1989. Protein phosphorylation and regulation of adaptive responses in bacteria Microbiol. Rev. 53:450-490.
33. Taylor, R. K., V. L. Miller, D. B. Furlong, and J. J. Mekalanos. 1987 Use of phoA gene fusions to identify a pilus colonization factor coordinated regulated with cholera toxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:2833-2837