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A part of the work has been communicated: Yamazaki, T.; Saito, S.; Ohwada, T.; Shudo, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 5749-5752.
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0026010517
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0) of the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA)-trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) system has been described: Saito, S.; Saito, S.; Ohwada, T.; Shudo, K. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1991, 39, 2718-2720. See also: Saito, S.; Sato, Y.; Ohwada, T.; Shudo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2312-2317, footnote 8.
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footnote 8
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0) of the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA)-trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) system has been described: Saito, S.; Saito, S.; Ohwada, T.; Shudo, K. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1991, 39, 2718-2720. See also: Saito, S.; Sato, Y.; Ohwada, T.; Shudo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2312-2317, footnote 8.
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8944244899
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note
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The possible solubility increase of benzene in the case of the higher acidity seems to affect the rate of reactions. However, the increase of benzene may be caused by the production of benzenium ions which may not be a substrate for the electrophile. Even if this was the case, the very slow reaction in the medium which is acidic enough to monoprotonate the substrate completely definitely eliminates the possibility of the participation of the monoprotonated species.
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20
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8944247174
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note
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Though some difference in solvent effect may exist, the presence of the same diprotonated species in TFSA is in accordance with the normal acid-base equilibrium.
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21
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0003467672
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John Wiley & Sons: New York, and references cited therein
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March, J. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 4th ed; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1992; pp 1072-1079 and references cited therein.
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March, J.1
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22
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8944219692
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note
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Probable pinacol intermediates will not give the ketol products in a strong acid. The pinacol ionizes to the ethylene dications in TFSA and gives another product: 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethanediol gave 9,10-diphenylphenanthrene in TFSA through a tetraphenylethylene dication intermediate (see ref 3a,c). In the reactions of dicarbonyl compounds, such cyclized products cannot be detected.
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23
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84982207554
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+ values of acetone, acetophenone, acetic acid (in place of methyl acetate), and acetone oxime are -7.2, -6.17, -6.10, and -1.9, respectively (Arnett, E. M. Prog. Phys. Org. Chem. 1963, 1, 223-403). Thus, the cation centers of protonated species are stabilized in this order.
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Arnett, E.M.1
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8944256773
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note
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2,3-Butanedione monoxime was a single isomer with respect to the oxime group, as judged from the NMR data.
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26
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8944258829
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note
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5 suggested a predominant hydroxyiminium resonance structure, which is consistent with the observed reactivity as an electrophile (see ref 15).
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