Immunization for viral hepatitis

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 224-230

  Strader, Doris B ^a   Seeff, Leonard B ^a  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEPATITIS A VACCINE; RECOMBINANT HEPATITIS B VACCINE;

HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS B; REVIEW; VACCINATION; VIRUS HEPATITIS;

EID: 0030056797     PISSN: 02671379     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001574-199605000-00003     Document Type: Review

References (26)

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2. Hadler SC: Global patterns of hepatitis A virus infection: changing patterns. In Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. Edited by Hollinger FB, Lemon SM, Maragolis H. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1991:14-20.
3. Weiland O, Niklasson B, Beng R, Lundbergh P, Tidestrom L: Clinical and subclinical hepatitis A occurring after immunoglobulin prophylaxis among Swedish UN soldiers in Sinai. Scand J Gastroenterol 1981, 16:967-972.
4. Outbreak of hepatitis C associated with Intravenous immunoglobulin administration: United States, October 1993-June 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1994, 43:505-509. Excellent description of the development of hepatitis C associated with immunoglobulin administration in the United States.
5. Andre F, Hepburn A, D'Hondt E: Inactivated candidate vaccines for hepatitis A. Prog Med Virol 1990, 37:72-95.
6. Provost PJ, Barker FS, Giesa PA, McAleer WJ, Buynak EB, Hilleman MR: Progress toward a live, attenuated human hepatitis A vaccine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1982, 170:8-14.
7. Werzberger A, Mensch B, Kuter B, Brown L, Lewis J, Sitrin R, Miller W, Shouval D, Wiens B, Calandra G, et al.: A controlled trial of a formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine In healthy children. N Engl J Med 1992, 327:453-457.
8. Innis BL, Snitbhan R, Kunsol P, Laorakpongse T, Poopatanokool W, Kozik CA, Suntayakorn S, Suknuntapong MA, Safary A, Targ DB: Protection against hepatitis A by Inactivated vaccine. JAMA 1994, 271:1328-1334. Forty thousand children aged 1 to 6 years were vaccinated with inactivated HAV vaccine, a control vaccine, or recombinant HBV vaccine at O, 1, and 12 months. Protective efficacy after two doses of inactivated HAV was 94%. Forty cases of hepatitis A occurred, 38 of which were among those receiving the control vaccines.
9. McMahon BJ, Williams J, Bulkow L, Snowball M, Wainwright R, Kennedy M, Drause D: Immunogenicity of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in Alaska native children and native and non-native adults. J Infect Dis 1995, 171:676-679. Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was assessed in 163 native Alaskan children, 84 native, and 60 non-native adults. The children were randomly assigned to receive one of three different vaccination schedules. Ninety-six percent of the children responded after the first dose. The only significant difference among the vaccination schedules was the increased geometric titer obtained in the children who received the third dose 12 months after the first dose (as opposed to 2 or 6 months after).
10. Shouval D, Ashur Y, Adler R, Lewis JA, Armstrong ME, Davide JP, McGuire B, Kuter B, Brown L, Miller W, et al.: Single and booster dose responses to an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine: comparison with immune serum globulin prophylaxis. Vaccine 1993, 11(suppl):S9-S14.
11. Westblom TU, Gudipati S, DeRousse C, Midkiff BR, Belshe RB: Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine: effect of dose and vaccination schedule. J Infect Dis 1994, 169:996-1001. Comprehensive study of the safety and efficacy of HAV vaccine in adults using different doses and vaccination schedules.
12. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices: Licensure of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine and recommendations for use among international travelers. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995, 44:559-560. Hepatitis A vaccine has recently been approved in the United States. The latest recommended doses and vaccination schedules for adults, children, and international travelers are outlined.
13. Santagostino E, Gingeri A, Rocino A, Zanetti A, de Biasis R, Mannucci PM: Patterns of immunogenicity of an Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine In anti-HIV positive and -negative hemophiliac patients. Thromb Haemostas 1994, 72:508-510. Current recommendations for the use of HAV vaccine in hemophiliacs is the same as for persons without bleeding disorders. Intramuscular injections in hemophiliacs have been shown to lead to bleeding sequelae. This study demonstrates that subcutaneous injection of HAV vaccine has similar safety and efficacy profiles as compared with intramuscular injection.
14. Krugman S, Giles JP, Hammond J: Hepatitis virus: effect of heat on the infectivity and antigenicity of the MS-1 and MS-2 strains. J Infect Dis 1970, 122:432-436.
15. Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Harley EJ, Zang EA, Oleszko WR, William DC, Dadovsky R, Morrison JM, Kellner A: Hepatitis B vaccine: demonstration of efficacy in a controlled clinical trial in a high-risk population in the United States. N Engl J Med 1980, 303:833-841.
16. Maynard JE, Kane MA, Hadler SC: Global control of hepatitis B through vaccination: role of hepatitis B vaccine in the expanded programme on immunization. Rev Infect Dis 1989, 11(suppl 3):S574-S578.
17. Szmuness W, Harley EJ, Ikram HI, Stevens CE: Sociodemographic aspects of the epidemiology of hepatitis B. In Viral Hepatitis. Edited by Vyas GN, Cohen SN, Schmid R. Philadelphia: The Franklin Institute Press; 1978:297-320.
18. Rum TA, Gertig DM, Otto BF, Gust ID, Sutanto A, Siewarso TI, Kandun N, Marschner IC, Maynard JE: Lombok hepatitis B model immunization project: toward universal infant hepatitis B immunization in Indonesia. J Infect Dis 1995, 171:290-296. In this very extensive study, mass immunization of infants against hepatitis B was performed in the Lombok province of Indonesia. Two hundred thousand children in 18 "core" villages were vaccinated. More than 90% of children received three doses of the vaccine. The study highlights the importance giving the first dose within the 1st week of life, presumably to protect against vertical transmission; the significant reduction in chronic hepatitis B infection in immunized children; and the importance of direct measurement of HBsAg rather than antibody levels in some populations.
19. Xu Z, Duan SC, Margolis HS, Purcell RH, Ou-yang PY, Coleman PJ, Zhuang YL, Xu HF, Qian SG, Zhu QR, et al.: Long-term efficacy of active postexposure immunization of infants for prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. J Infect Dis 1995, 171:54-60. Postexposure prophylaxis of 166 Chinese infants born to mothers infected with hepatitis B (some with HBeAg) was performed and shown to prevent an estimated 90% of perinatal infections. The protective efficacy was 77% at 5 years.
20. Andre FE, Zuckerman AJ: Protective efficacy of hepatitis B vaccines in neonates [review]. J Med Virol 1994, 44:144-151. Hepatitis B vaccines are very effective in preventing chronic hepatitis B infection in neonates. Simultaneous administration of hepatitis B immune globulin is effective when lower doses of hepatitis vaccine (< 10 μg) are used.
21. Arrazola MP, de Juanes JR, Ramos JT, Aragon AJ, Garcia de Codes A: Hepatitis B vaccination in infants of mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Med Virol 1995, 45:339-341. Comprehensive study of 118 HIV-positive neonates immunized against hepatitis B with three doses of inactivated vaccine given at 0, 1, and 6 months. The children who lost their HIV antibodies in the 1-year follow-up period responded to the vaccine, in contrast to the children who had persistent HIV antibodies during the follow-up period.
22. Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M: Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989, 244:350-362.
23. Zuckerman AJ, Suckerman JN: Prospects for hepatitis C vaccine. J Hepatol 1995, 22(suppl 1):97-100. Brief discussion of the steps needed to develop an effective vaccine against hepatitis C including identifying neutralizing antibodies, developing reproducible tissue culture techniques for hepatitis C, and applying gene transfer techniques.
24. Choo QL, Kuo G, Ralston R, Winete A, Chein D, Van Nest G, Han J, Berger K, Thudium K, Kuo C, et al.: Vaccination of chimpanzees against infection by the hepatitis C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994, 91:1294-1298. Seven chimpanzees were vaccinated with a hepatitis C vaccine created using the putative envelope glycoproteins E1 (gp33) and E2 (gp71) copurified from HeLa cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expression vector. All chimpanzees showed a strong humoral response. Antibody titers of more than 15,000 mlU resulted in protection against both infection and disease.
25. Ulmer JB, Donnelly JJ, Parker SE, Rhodes GH, Feigner PI, Dwarki VJ, Gromkowski SH, Deck RR, DeWitt CM, Friedman A, et al.: Gene transfer as a new mode of vaccination: implications for HCV. Hepatology 1993, 18:696-702.
26. Major ME, Vitvitski L, Mink MA, Schleef M, Whalen RG, Trepo C, Inchauspe G: DNA-based immunization with chimeric vectors for the Induction of immune responses against the hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid. J Virol 1995, 69:5798-5805. Excellent paper evaluating the ability of different chimeric vectors expressing varying amino acids on the hepatitis C nucleocapsid to induce an immune response.