메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 61, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 4-16

How far are we in understanding the cause of Parkinson's disease?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1,2,3,6 TETRAHYDRO 1 METHYL 4 PHENYLPYRIDINE; WELL WATER;

EID: 0030054732     PISSN: 00223050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.61.1.4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (65)

References (165)
  • 2
    • 0024497753 scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic movement disorders: A review
    • Koller WC, Wong GF, Lang A. Posttraumatic movement disorders: a review. Mov Disord 1989;4:20-36.
    • (1989) Mov Disord , vol.4 , pp. 20-36
    • Koller, W.C.1    Wong, G.F.2    Lang, A.3
  • 3
    • 0023775524 scopus 로고
    • Trauma as an etiology of parkinsonism: A historical review of the concept
    • Factor SA, Sanchez Ramos J, Weiner WJ. Trauma as an etiology of parkinsonism: a historical review of the concept. Mov Disord 1988;3:30-6.
    • (1988) Mov Disord , vol.3 , pp. 30-36
    • Factor, S.A.1    Sanchez Ramos, J.2    Weiner, W.J.3
  • 4
    • 0025897364 scopus 로고
    • Head trauma as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease
    • Stern MB. Head trauma as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 1991;6:95-7.
    • (1991) Mov Disord , vol.6 , pp. 95-97
    • Stern, M.B.1
  • 6
    • 0022367213 scopus 로고
    • Measles infection and Parkinson's disease
    • Sasco AJ, Paffenbarger RS. Measles infection and Parkinson's disease. Am J Epidemiol 1985;122:1017-31.
    • (1985) Am J Epidemiol , vol.122 , pp. 1017-1031
    • Sasco, A.J.1    Paffenbarger, R.S.2
  • 7
    • 0028990265 scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic parkinson's disease: Epidemiology, diagnosis and management
    • Ben-Shlomo Y, Sieradzan K. Idiopathic parkinson's disease: epidemiology, diagnosis and management. Br J Gen Pract 1995;45:261-8.
    • (1995) Br J Gen Pract , vol.45 , pp. 261-268
    • Ben-Shlomo, Y.1    Sieradzan, K.2
  • 9
    • 0020677984 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease in a Japanese city
    • Harada H, Nishikawa S, Takahashi K. Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease in a Japanese city. Arch Neurol 1983; 40:151-4.
    • (1983) Arch Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 151-154
    • Harada, H.1    Nishikawa, S.2    Takahashi, K.3
  • 10
    • 0017236193 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease in Finland
    • Martilla RJ, Rinne UK. Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease in Finland. Acta Neurol Scand 1976;53:81-102.
    • (1976) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.53 , pp. 81-102
    • Martilla, R.J.1    Rinne, U.K.2
  • 11
    • 0026514953 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: A clinico-pathologjcal study of 100 cases
    • Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathologjcal study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:181-4.
    • (1992) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 181-184
    • Hughes, A.J.1    Daniel, S.E.2    Kilford, L.3    Lees, A.J.4
  • 12
    • 0026629509 scopus 로고
    • What features improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in Parkinson's disease: A clinicopathological study
    • Hughes AJ, Ben-Shlomo Y, Daniel SE, Lees AJ. What features improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in Parkinson's disease: a clinicopathological study. Neurology 1992;42:1142-6.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1142-1146
    • Hughes, A.J.1    Ben-Shlomo, Y.2    Daniel, S.E.3    Lees, A.J.4
  • 13
    • 0027337861 scopus 로고
    • Smoking and Alzheimer's disease: Protective effect or differential survival bias?
    • Riggs JE. Smoking and Alzheimer's disease: protective effect or differential survival bias? Lancet 1993;342: 793-4.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 793-794
    • Riggs, J.E.1
  • 14
    • 0023901008 scopus 로고
    • Could Parkinson's disease follow intra-uterine influenza?: A speculative hypothesis
    • Mattock C, Marmot M, Stern G. Could Parkinson's disease follow intra-uterine influenza?: a speculative hypothesis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988;51:753-6.
    • (1988) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 753-756
    • Mattock, C.1    Marmot, M.2    Stern, G.3
  • 15
    • 0021637187 scopus 로고
    • The low concordance rate for Parkinson's disease in twins: A possible explanation
    • Eldridge R, Ince SE. The low concordance rate for Parkinson's disease in twins: a possible explanation. Neurology 1984;34:1354-6.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 1354-1356
    • Eldridge, R.1    Ince, S.E.2
  • 16
    • 0021089452 scopus 로고
    • Aetiology of Parkinson's disease
    • Calne DB, Langston JW. Aetiology of Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1983;2:1457-9.
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1457-1459
    • Calne, D.B.1    Langston, J.W.2
  • 17
    • 0025200735 scopus 로고
    • Predicting Parkinson's disease
    • Langston JW. Predicting Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1990;40:70-4.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 70-74
    • Langston, J.W.1
  • 18
    • 0026164384 scopus 로고
    • Does a long preclinical period occur in Parkinson's disease?
    • Koller WC, Langston JW, Hubble JP, et al. Does a long preclinical period occur in Parkinson's disease?. Neurology 1991;41:8-13.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 8-13
    • Koller, W.C.1    Langston, J.W.2    Hubble, J.P.3
  • 19
    • 0026843649 scopus 로고
    • When does Parkinson's disease begin?
    • Koller WC. When does Parkinson's disease begin? Neurology 1992;42 (suppl 4):27-31.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , Issue.4 SUPPL. , pp. 27-31
    • Koller, W.C.1
  • 20
    • 0023188798 scopus 로고
    • The progression of idiopathic Parkinson's disease is not explained by age-related changes. Clinical and pathological comparisons with post-encephalitic parkinsonian syndrome
    • Gibb WR, Lees AJ. The progression of idiopathic Parkinson's disease is not explained by age-related changes. Clinical and pathological comparisons with post-encephalitic parkinsonian syndrome. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1987;73:195-201.
    • (1987) Acta Neuropathol (Berl) , vol.73 , pp. 195-201
    • Gibb, W.R.1    Lees, A.J.2
  • 21
  • 22
    • 0000406814 scopus 로고
    • Mortality in 33 countries from diseases of the nervous system
    • Goldberg ID, Kurland LT. Mortality in 33 countries from diseases of the nervous system. World Neurology 1962; 3:444-63.
    • (1962) World Neurology , vol.3 , pp. 444-463
    • Goldberg, I.D.1    Kurland, L.T.2
  • 23
    • 0041046329 scopus 로고
    • Morbidity and mortality with parkinsonism
    • Williams GR. Morbidity and mortality with parkinsonism. J Neurosurg 1966;24 (suppl):138-43.
    • (1966) J Neurosurg , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 138-143
    • Williams, G.R.1
  • 24
    • 0027358350 scopus 로고
    • Worldwide occurence of Parkinson's disease: An updated review
    • Zhang Z, Roman GC. Worldwide occurence of Parkinson's disease: an updated review. Neuroepidemiology 1993;12:195-208.
    • (1993) Neuroepidemiology , vol.12 , pp. 195-208
    • Zhang, Z.1    Roman, G.C.2
  • 26
    • 0021829297 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the biracial population of Copiah County, Mississippi
    • Schoenberg BS, Anderson DW, Haerer AF. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the biracial population of Copiah County, Mississippi. Neurology 1985;35:841-5.
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 841-845
    • Schoenberg, B.S.1    Anderson, D.W.2    Haerer, A.F.3
  • 28
    • 0028296416 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease in Kin-Hu, Kinmen: A community survey by neurologists
    • Wang SJ, Fuh JL, Liu CY, et al. Parkinson's disease in Kin-Hu, Kinmen: a community survey by neurologists. Neuroepidemiobgy 1994;13:69-74.
    • (1994) Neuroepidemiobgy , vol.13 , pp. 69-74
    • Wang, S.J.1    Fuh, J.L.2    Liu, C.Y.3
  • 29
    • 0027940106 scopus 로고
    • Incidental Lewy body disease in black Africans
    • Jendroska K, Olasode BJ, Daniel SE, et al. Incidental Lewy body disease in black Africans. Lancet 1994;344:882-3.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 882-883
    • Jendroska, K.1    Olasode, B.J.2    Daniel, S.E.3
  • 30
    • 0028149005 scopus 로고
    • Incidental Lewy body disease
    • Ben-Shlomo Y, Wenning G. Incidental Lewy body disease. Lancet 1994;344:1503.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1503
    • Ben-Shlomo, Y.1    Wenning, G.2
  • 31
    • 0024535932 scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors and Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in China
    • Tanner CM, Chen B, Wang W, et al. Environmental factors and Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in China. Neurology 1989;39:660-4.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , pp. 660-664
    • Tanner, C.M.1    Chen, B.2    Wang, W.3
  • 32
    • 0021275625 scopus 로고
    • Lessons from the study of immigrant mortality
    • Marmot MG, Adelstein AM, Bulusu L. Lessons from the study of immigrant mortality. Lancet 1984;i:1455-8.
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1455-1458
    • Marmot, M.G.1    Adelstein, A.M.2    Bulusu, L.3
  • 33
    • 0014157648 scopus 로고
    • A clinical survey of Parkinsonism in Iceland
    • Gudmundsson KR. A clinical survey of Parkinsonism in Iceland. Acta Neurol Scand 1967;43 (suppl 33):9-61.
    • (1967) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.43 , Issue.33 SUPPL. , pp. 9-61
    • Gudmundsson, K.R.1
  • 34
    • 0028904132 scopus 로고
    • High levodopa use in periodically time-clustered, Icelandic birth cohorts. A vestige of parkinsonism etiology?
    • de Pedro-Cuesta J, Petersen IJ, Stawiarz L, et al. High levodopa use in periodically time-clustered, Icelandic birth cohorts. A vestige of parkinsonism etiology? Acta Neurol Scand 1995;91:79-88.
    • (1995) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.91 , pp. 79-88
    • De Pedro-Cuesta, J.1    Petersen, I.J.2    Stawiarz, L.3
  • 35
    • 0025373513 scopus 로고
    • Paralysis agitans and levodopa in "Ayurveda": Ancient Indian medical treatise
    • Manyam BV. Paralysis agitans and levodopa in "Ayurveda": ancient Indian medical treatise. Mov Disord 1990;5:47-8.
    • (1990) Mov Disord , vol.5 , pp. 47-48
    • Manyam, B.V.1
  • 36
    • 0025058460 scopus 로고
    • The changing patterns of death rates in parkinsonism
    • Kurtzke JF, Murphy FM. The changing patterns of death rates in parkinsonism. Neurology 1990;40:42-9.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 42-49
    • Kurtzke, J.F.1    Murphy, F.M.2
  • 37
    • 0026056044 scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism mortality in the US, 1. Time and space distribution
    • Treves TA, de Pedro-Cuesta J. Parkinsonism mortality in the US, 1. Time and space distribution. Acta Neurol Scand 1991;84:389-97.
    • (1991) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.84 , pp. 389-397
    • Treves, T.A.1    De Pedro-Cuesta, J.2
  • 38
    • 0025345769 scopus 로고
    • Two decades of increasing mortality from Parkinson's disease among the US elderly
    • Lilienfeld DE, Chan E, Ehland J, et al. Two decades of increasing mortality from Parkinson's disease among the US elderly. Arch Neurol 1990;47:731-4.
    • (1990) Arch Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 731-734
    • Lilienfeld, D.E.1    Chan, E.2    Ehland, J.3
  • 39
    • 27344437958 scopus 로고
    • Paralysis agitans mortality in England and Wales, 1855-1962
    • Duvoisin RC, Schweitzer MD. Paralysis agitans mortality in England and Wales, 1855-1962. Br J Prev Soc Med 1966;20:27-33.
    • (1966) Br J Prev Soc Med , vol.20 , pp. 27-33
    • Duvoisin, R.C.1    Schweitzer, M.D.2
  • 40
    • 1842301735 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease and encephalitis: The cohort hypothesis re-examined
    • Rose FC, ed. Kent: Pitman Medical
    • Marmot MG. Parkinson's disease and encephalitis: the cohort hypothesis re-examined. In: Rose FC, ed. Clinical neuroepidemiology. Kent: Pitman Medical, 1980; 391-401.
    • (1980) Clinical Neuroepidemiology , pp. 391-401
    • Marmot, M.G.1
  • 41
    • 0021908259 scopus 로고
    • Morbidity and mortality in motor neuron disease: Comparison with multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease: age and sex specific rates and cohort analyses
    • Li T, Swash M, Alberman E. Morbidity and mortality in motor neuron disease: comparison with multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease: age and sex specific rates and cohort analyses. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985;48: 320-7.
    • (1985) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 320-327
    • Li, T.1    Swash, M.2    Alberman, E.3
  • 42
    • 0027302579 scopus 로고
    • Mortality from Parkinson's disease in England and Wales 1921-1989
    • Clarke CE. Mortality from Parkinson's disease in England and Wales 1921-1989. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:690-3.
    • (1993) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 690-693
    • Clarke, C.E.1
  • 43
    • 0027691968 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease in Ireland: Observations from routine data sources
    • Ben-Shlomo Y, Finnan F, Allwright S, Davey Smith G. The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease in Ireland: observations from routine data sources. Ir Med J 1993;86:190-4.
    • (1993) Ir Med J , vol.86 , pp. 190-194
    • Ben-Shlomo, Y.1    Finnan, F.2    Allwright, S.3    Davey Smith, G.4
  • 45
    • 0025949572 scopus 로고
    • Death rates from Parkinson's disease in Norway reflect increased survival
    • Kurtzke JF, Flaten TP, Murphy FM. Death rates from Parkinson's disease in Norway reflect increased survival. Neurology 1991;41:1665-7.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1665-1667
    • Kurtzke, J.F.1    Flaten, T.P.2    Murphy, F.M.3
  • 46
    • 0028956649 scopus 로고
    • Rising mortality from Parkinson's disease in Japan, 1950-1992
    • Imaizumi Y, Kaneko R. Rising mortality from Parkinson's disease in Japan, 1950-1992. Acta Neurol Scand 1995; 91:169-76.
    • (1995) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.91 , pp. 169-176
    • Imaizumi, Y.1    Kaneko, R.2
  • 47
    • 0029022695 scopus 로고
    • Does levodopa therapy delay death in Parkinson's disease? A review of the evidence
    • Clarke CE. Does levodopa therapy delay death in Parkinson's disease? A review of the evidence. Mov Disord 1995;10:250-6.
    • (1995) Mov Disord , vol.10 , pp. 250-256
    • Clarke, C.E.1
  • 49
    • 0028910909 scopus 로고
    • Survival and cause of death in a cohort of patients with parkinsonism: Possible clues to aetiology
    • Ben-Shlomo Y, Marmot MG. Survival and cause of death in a cohort of patients with parkinsonism: possible clues to aetiology. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;58:293-9.
    • (1995) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.58 , pp. 293-299
    • Ben-Shlomo, Y.1    Marmot, M.G.2
  • 50
    • 0014082977 scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism: Onset, progression, and mortality
    • Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. Parkinsonism: onset, progression, and mortality. Neurology 1967;17:427-42.
    • (1967) Neurology , vol.17 , pp. 427-442
    • Hoehn, M.M.1    Yahr, M.D.2
  • 51
    • 0026728432 scopus 로고
    • Rising mortality due to Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A manifestation of the competitive nature of human mortality
    • Riggs JE, Schochet SS. Rising mortality due to Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a manifestation of the competitive nature of human mortality. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:1007-12.
    • (1992) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.45 , pp. 1007-1012
    • Riggs, J.E.1    Schochet, S.S.2
  • 52
    • 0030043663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Parkinsonian signs and associated mortality in a community population of older people
    • Bennett DA, Beckert LA, Murray AM, et al. Prevalence of Parkinsonian signs and associated mortality in a community population of older people. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:71-6.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 71-76
    • Bennett, D.A.1    Beckert, L.A.2    Murray, A.M.3
  • 53
    • 0000412998 scopus 로고
    • Cohort analysis of Parkinson's syndrome. Evidence for a single etiology related to subclinical infection about 1920
    • Poskanzer DC, Schwab RS. Cohort analysis of Parkinson's syndrome. Evidence for a single etiology related to subclinical infection about 1920. J Chron Dis 1963;16: 961-73.
    • (1963) J Chron Dis , vol.16 , pp. 961-973
    • Poskanzer, D.C.1    Schwab, R.S.2
  • 54
    • 0015495693 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological approach to Parkinson's disease
    • Brown EL, Knox EG. Epidemiological approach to Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1972;1:974-6.
    • (1972) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 974-976
    • Brown, E.L.1    Knox, E.G.2
  • 55
    • 0026958815 scopus 로고
    • Analysing the temporal effects of age, period and cohort
    • Holford TR. Analysing the temporal effects of age, period and cohort. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 1992;1:317-37.
    • (1992) Statistical Methods in Medical Research , vol.1 , pp. 317-337
    • Holford, T.R.1
  • 56
    • 0020321970 scopus 로고
    • 1918 Influenza, encephalitis lethargica, parkinsonism
    • Ravenholt RT, Foege WH. 1918 Influenza, encephalitis lethargica, parkinsonism. Lancet 1982;ii:860-4.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 860-864
    • Ravenholt, R.T.1    Foege, W.H.2
  • 58
    • 0001912710 scopus 로고
    • Comments on the epidemiology of parkinsonism including prevalence and incidence statistics for Rochester, Minnesota, 1953-1966
    • Barbeau A, Brunette JR, eds. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica
    • Nobrega FT, Glattre E, Kurland LT, Okazaki H. Comments on the epidemiology of parkinsonism including prevalence and incidence statistics for Rochester, Minnesota, 1953-1966. In: Barbeau A, Brunette JR, eds. Progress in Neurogenetics. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1969:474-85.
    • (1969) Progress in Neurogenetics , pp. 474-485
    • Nobrega, F.T.1    Glattre, E.2    Kurland, L.T.3    Okazaki, H.4
  • 59
    • 0021219372 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of parkinsonism: Incidence, classification and mortality
    • Rajput AH, Offord KP, Beard CM, Kurland LT. Epidemiology of parkinsonism: incidence, classification and mortality. Ann Neurol 1984;16:278-82.
    • (1984) Ann Neurol , vol.16 , pp. 278-282
    • Rajput, A.H.1    Offord, K.P.2    Beard, C.M.3    Kurland, L.T.4
  • 60
    • 0025991166 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease incidence: Magnitude, comparability, time trends
    • de Pedro-Cuesta J, Stawiarz L. Parkinson's disease incidence: magnitude, comparability, time trends. Acta Neurol Scand 1991;84:382-8.
    • (1991) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.84 , pp. 382-388
    • De Pedro-Cuesta, J.1    Stawiarz, L.2
  • 61
    • 0029082872 scopus 로고
    • Is senile dementia "age-related" or ageing-related"? - Evidence from meta-analysis of dementia prevalence in the oldest old
    • Ritchie K, Kildea D. Is senile dementia "age-related" or ageing-related"? - evidence from meta-analysis of dementia prevalence in the oldest old. Lancet 1995;346: 931-4.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 931-934
    • Ritchie, K.1    Kildea, D.2
  • 62
    • 0025913850 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease as community health problem: Study in Norwegian nursing homes
    • Larsen JP and the Norwegian Study Group of Parkinson's disease in the elderly. Parkinson's disease as community health problem: study in Norwegian nursing homes. BMJ 1991;303:741-3.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.303 , pp. 741-743
    • Larsen, J.P.1
  • 63
    • 0021878149 scopus 로고
    • A prevalence survey of Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders in the People's Republic of China
    • Li S, Schoenberg BS, Wang C, et al. A prevalence survey of Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders in the People's Republic of China. Arch Neurol 1985;42: 655-7.
    • (1985) Arch Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 655-657
    • Li, S.1    Schoenberg, B.S.2    Wang, C.3
  • 64
    • 0026786260 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and other types of parkinsonism: A door-to-door survey in three Sicillian municipalities
    • Morgante L, Rocca WA, Di Rosa AE, et al. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and other types of parkinsonism: a door-to-door survey in three Sicillian municipalities. Neurology 1992;42:1901-7.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1901-1907
    • Morgante, L.1    Rocca, W.A.2    Di Rosa, A.E.3
  • 67
    • 0023724725 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of social class in epidemiology
    • Liberatos P, Link BG, Kelsey JL. The measurement of social class in epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev 1988;10: 87-121.
    • (1988) Epidemiol Rev , vol.10 , pp. 87-121
    • Liberatos, P.1    Link, B.G.2    Kelsey, J.L.3
  • 68
    • 0021326325 scopus 로고
    • Inequalities in death - Specific explanations of a general pattern?
    • Marmot MG, Shipley MJ, Rose G. Inequalities in death - specific explanations of a general pattern? Lancet 1984;i:1003-6.
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1003-1006
    • Marmot, M.G.1    Shipley, M.J.2    Rose, G.3
  • 69
    • 0004101112 scopus 로고
    • London: HMSO
    • Office of Population Census and Surveys. Classification of occupations. London: HMSO, 1980
    • (1980) Classification of Occupations
  • 70
    • 0006498760 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease
    • Stern G, ed. London: Chapman and Hall
    • McKeigue PM, Marmot MG. Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. In: Stern G, ed. Parkinson's disease. London: Chapman and Hall, 1989:295-306.
    • (1989) Parkinson's Disease , pp. 295-306
    • McKeigue, P.M.1    Marmot, M.G.2
  • 72
    • 0015416380 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic studies of Parkinson's disease. III. A community based survey
    • Kessler II. Epidemiologic studies of Parkinson's disease. III. A community based survey. Am J Epidemiol 1972; 96:242-54.
    • (1972) Am J Epidemiol , vol.96 , pp. 242-254
    • Kessler, I.I.1
  • 73
    • 0017247947 scopus 로고
    • Arteriosclerosis, hereditary and some previous infections in the aetiology of Parkinson's disease. A case control study
    • Martilla RJ, Rinne UK. Arteriosclerosis, hereditary and some previous infections in the aetiology of Parkinson's disease. A case control study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1976;79:46-56.
    • (1976) Clin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.79 , pp. 46-56
    • Martilla, R.J.1    Rinne, U.K.2
  • 74
    • 0026079542 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: A case-control study of young-onset and old-onset patients
    • Stern M, Dulaney E, Gruber SB, et al. The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: a case-control study of young-onset and old-onset patients. Arch Neurol 1991;48: 903-7.
    • (1991) Arch Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 903-907
    • Stern, M.1    Dulaney, E.2    Gruber, S.B.3
  • 75
    • 0026711037 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work and pesticide chemicals
    • Semchuck KM, Love EJ, Lee RG. Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work and pesticide chemicals. Neurology 1992;42:1328-35.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1328-1335
    • Semchuck, K.M.1    Love, E.J.2    Lee, R.G.3
  • 78
    • 0022626165 scopus 로고
    • A case-control study of twin pairs discordant for Parkinson's disease: A search for environmental risk factors
    • Bharucha NE, Stokes L, Schoenberg BS, et al. A case-control study of twin pairs discordant for Parkinson's disease: a search for environmental risk factors. Neurology 1986;36:284-8.
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 284-288
    • Bharucha, N.E.1    Stokes, L.2    Schoenberg, B.S.3
  • 79
    • 0028227893 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of cigarette smoking and the risk of developing idiopathic Parkinson's disease
    • Grandinetti A, Morens DM, Reed D, MacEachern D. Prospective study of cigarette smoking and the risk of developing idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:1129-38.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.139 , pp. 1129-1138
    • Grandinetti, A.1    Morens, D.M.2    Reed, D.3    MacEachern, D.4
  • 80
    • 0024450640 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic study of Parkinson's disease in Hong Kong
    • Ho SC, Woo J, Lee CM. Epidemiologic study of Parkinson's disease in Hong Kong. Neurology 1989;39: 1314-8.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , pp. 1314-1318
    • Ho, S.C.1    Woo, J.2    Lee, C.M.3
  • 82
    • 0026071312 scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors in siblings with Parkinson's disease
    • Wong GF, Gray CS, Hassanein RS, Koller WC. Environmental risk factors in siblings with Parkinson's disease. Arch Neurol 1991;48:287-9.
    • (1991) Arch Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 287-289
    • Wong, G.F.1    Gray, C.S.2    Hassanein, R.S.3    Koller, W.C.4
  • 83
    • 0025157987 scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors in Parkinson's disease
    • Koller W, Vetere-Overfield B, Gray C, et al. Environmental risk factors in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1990;40:1218-21.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 1218-1221
    • Koller, W.1    Vetere-Overfield, B.2    Gray, C.3
  • 84
    • 0023097950 scopus 로고
    • Ecogenerics of Parkinson's disease: Prevalence and environmental aspects in rural areas
    • Barbeau A, Roy M, Bernier G, Campanella G, Paris S. Ecogenerics of Parkinson's disease: prevalence and environmental aspects in rural areas. Can J Neurol Sci 1987;14:36-41.
    • (1987) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.14 , pp. 36-41
    • Barbeau, A.1    Roy, M.2    Bernier, G.3    Campanella, G.4    Paris, S.5
  • 85
    • 0025273787 scopus 로고
    • Follow-up study of early-life protective and risk factors in Parkinson's disease
    • Golbe LI, Farrell TM, Davis PH. Follow-up study of early-life protective and risk factors in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 1990;5:66-70.
    • (1990) Mov Disord , vol.5 , pp. 66-70
    • Golbe, L.I.1    Farrell, T.M.2    Davis, P.H.3
  • 86
    • 0019859476 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease and occupational exposure to organic solvents, agricultural chemicals and mercury - A case-referent study
    • Ohlson C, Hogstedt C. Parkinson's disease and occupational exposure to organic solvents, agricultural chemicals and mercury - a case-referent study. Scand J Work Environ Health 1981;7:252-6.
    • (1981) Scand J Work Environ Health , vol.7 , pp. 252-256
    • Ohlson, C.1    Hogstedt, C.2
  • 87
    • 0026524695 scopus 로고
    • Exposure to well water and pesticides in Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in the Madrid area
    • Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Mateo D, Gimenez-Roldan S. Exposure to well water and pesticides in Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in the Madrid area. Mov Disord 1992;7:149-52.
    • (1992) Mov Disord , vol.7 , pp. 149-152
    • Jimenez-Jimenez, F.J.1    Mateo, D.2    Gimenez-Roldan, S.3
  • 88
    • 0024554150 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic study on the association between body burden mercury level and idiopathic Parkinson's disease
    • Ngim C, Devathasan G. Epidemiologic study on the association between body burden mercury level and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Neuroepidemiology 1989;8: 128-41.
    • (1989) Neuroepidemiology , vol.8 , pp. 128-141
    • Ngim, C.1    Devathasan, G.2
  • 89
    • 0022978061 scopus 로고
    • A Swedish county with unexpectedly high utilization of anti-parkinsonian drugs
    • Aquilonius SM, Hartvig P. A Swedish county with unexpectedly high utilization of anti-parkinsonian drugs. Acta Neurol Scand 1986;74:379-82.
    • (1986) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.74 , pp. 379-382
    • Aquilonius, S.M.1    Hartvig, P.2
  • 90
    • 0027367757 scopus 로고
    • A case-control study on the environmental risk factors of Parkinson's disease in Tianjin, China
    • Wang WZ, Fang XH, Cheng XM, Jiang DH, Lin ZJ. A case-control study on the environmental risk factors of Parkinson's disease in Tianjin, China. Neuroepidemiology 1993;12:209-18.
    • (1993) Neuroepidemiology , vol.12 , pp. 209-218
    • Wang, W.Z.1    Fang, X.H.2    Cheng, X.M.3    Jiang, D.H.4    Lin, Z.J.5
  • 92
    • 0018896952 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and Parkinson disease: 1. A comparison of cases with matched neighbours
    • Baumann RJ, Jameson HD, McKean HE, Haack DG, Weisberg LM. Cigarette smoking and Parkinson disease: 1. A comparison of cases with matched neighbours. Neurology 1980;30:839-43.
    • (1980) Neurology , vol.30 , pp. 839-843
    • Baumann, R.J.1    Jameson, H.D.2    McKean, H.E.3    Haack, D.G.4    Weisberg, L.M.5
  • 94
    • 0023218867 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological evaluations of risk factors in Parkinson's disease
    • Kondo K. Epidemiological evaluations of risk factors in Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 1987;45:289-93.
    • (1987) Adv Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 289-293
    • Kondo, K.1
  • 95
    • 0027256104 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: A test of the multifactorial etiologic hypothesis
    • Semchuk KM, Love EJ, Lee RG. Parkinson's disease: a test of the multifactorial etiologic hypothesis. Neurology 1993;43:1173-80.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 1173-1180
    • Semchuk, K.M.1    Love, E.J.2    Lee, R.G.3
  • 96
    • 0014334522 scopus 로고
    • A retrospective study of smoking in Parkinson's disease
    • Nefzger MD, Quadfasel FA, Karl VC. A retrospective study of smoking in Parkinson's disease. Am J Epidemiol 1968;88:149-58.
    • (1968) Am J Epidemiol , vol.88 , pp. 149-158
    • Nefzger, M.D.1    Quadfasel, F.A.2    Karl, V.C.3
  • 99
    • 0023109145 scopus 로고
    • A case-control study of smoking habits, dementia, and other illnesses in idiopathic Parkinson's disease
    • Rajput AH, Offord KP, Beard CM, Kurland LT. A case-control study of smoking habits, dementia, and other illnesses in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1987;37:226-32.
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 226-232
    • Rajput, A.H.1    Offord, K.P.2    Beard, C.M.3    Kurland, L.T.4
  • 100
    • 0026806518 scopus 로고
    • Premorbid smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee drinking habits in Parkinson's disease: A case-control study
    • Jimenez Jimenez FJ, Mateo D, Gimenez Roldan S. Premorbid smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee drinking habits in Parkinson's disease: a case-control study. Mov Disord 1992;7:339-44.
    • (1992) Mov Disord , vol.7 , pp. 339-344
    • Jimenez Jimenez, F.J.1    Mateo, D.2    Gimenez Roldan, S.3
  • 101
    • 0013870606 scopus 로고
    • The Dom study of smoking and mortality among U.S. Veterans: Report on eight and one-half years of observation
    • Kahn HA. The Dom study of smoking and mortality among U.S. Veterans: report on eight and one-half years of observation. Nat Cancer Inst Monogr 1966;19: 1-125.
    • (1966) Nat Cancer Inst Monogr , vol.19 , pp. 1-125
    • Kahn, H.A.1
  • 102
    • 0013867186 scopus 로고
    • Smoking in relation to the death rates of one million men and women
    • Haenzel W, ed. Epidemiological approaches to the study of cancer and other chronic diseases. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute
    • Hammond EC. Smoking in relation to the death rates of one million men and women. In: Haenzel W, ed. Epidemiological approaches to the study of cancer and other chronic diseases. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, 1966:127-204. (National Cancer Institute Monograph No 19.)
    • (1966) National Cancer Institute Monograph No 19 , pp. 127-204
    • Hammond, E.C.1
  • 103
    • 0028168904 scopus 로고
    • Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observations on male British doctors
    • Doll R, Peto R, Wheatley K, Gray R, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ 1994;309:901-11.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.309 , pp. 901-911
    • Doll, R.1    Peto, R.2    Wheatley, K.3    Gray, R.4    Sutherland, I.5
  • 105
    • 0025069761 scopus 로고
    • The premorbid personality of patients with Parkinson's disease: A comparative study with healthy controls and patients with essential tremor
    • Poewe W, Karamat E, Kemmler GW, Gerstenbrand F. The premorbid personality of patients with Parkinson's disease: a comparative study with healthy controls and patients with essential tremor. Adv Neurol 1990;53: 339-12.
    • (1990) Adv Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 339-412
    • Poewe, W.1    Karamat, E.2    Kemmler, G.W.3    Gerstenbrand, F.4
  • 108
    • 0026003403 scopus 로고
    • Brain injury and neurologic sequelae: A cohort study of dementia, parkinsonism, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Williams DB, Annegers JF, Kokmen E, O'Brien PC, Kurland LT. Brain injury and neurologic sequelae: a cohort study of dementia, parkinsonism, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 1991;41:1554-7.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1554-1557
    • Williams, D.B.1    Annegers, J.F.2    Kokmen, E.3    O'Brien, P.C.4    Kurland, L.T.5
  • 109
    • 0025936440 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease and exposure to rural environmental factors: A population based case-control study
    • Sernchuck KM, Love EJ, Lee RG. Parkinson's disease and exposure to rural environmental factors: a population based case-control study. Can J Neurol Sci 1991;18: 279-86.
    • (1991) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.18 , pp. 279-286
    • Sernchuck, K.M.1    Love, E.J.2    Lee, R.G.3
  • 110
    • 0023724071 scopus 로고
    • Case-control study of early life dietary factors in Parkinson's disease
    • Golbe LI, Farrell TM, Davis PH. Case-control study of early life dietary factors in Parkinson's disease. Arch Neurol 1988;45:1350-3.
    • (1988) Arch Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 1350-1353
    • Golbe, L.I.1    Farrell, T.M.2    Davis, P.H.3
  • 111
    • 0001750799 scopus 로고
    • Dietary antioxidant vitamins and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease
    • Tanner CM, Chen B, Cohen JA, et al. Dietary antioxidant vitamins and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1989;39:181
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , pp. 181
    • Tanner, C.M.1    Chen, B.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 112
    • 0006037947 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant intake and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in older women
    • Cerhan JR, Wallace RB, Folsom AR. Antioxidant intake and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in older women. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:S65.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.139
    • Cerhan, J.R.1    Wallace, R.B.2    Folsom, A.R.3
  • 114
    • 0020680904 scopus 로고
    • Chronic parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis
    • Langston JW, Ballard P, Tetrud JW, Irwin I. Chronic parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science 1983;219:970-80.
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , pp. 970-980
    • Langston, J.W.1    Ballard, P.2    Tetrud, J.W.3    Irwin, I.4
  • 115
    • 0025200313 scopus 로고
    • Do environmental toxins cause Parkinson's disease? A critical review
    • Tanner CM, Langston JW. Do environmental toxins cause Parkinson's disease? A critical review. Neurology 1990; 40:suppl 30.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , Issue.30 SUPPL.
    • Tanner, C.M.1    Langston, J.W.2
  • 117
    • 0027532199 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of pesticide use among farmers: Implications for epidemiologic research
    • Blair A, Zahm SH. Patterns of pesticide use among farmers: implications for epidemiologic research. Epidemiology 1993;4:55-62.
    • (1993) Epidemiology , vol.4 , pp. 55-62
    • Blair, A.1    Zahm, S.H.2
  • 118
    • 0029024260 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological effects of long-term exposure to organophosphates in sheep dip
    • Stephens R, Spurgeon A, Calvert IA, et al. Neuropsychological effects of long-term exposure to organophosphates in sheep dip. Lancet 1995;345:1135-9.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 1135-1139
    • Stephens, R.1    Spurgeon, A.2    Calvert, I.A.3
  • 119
    • 0017260465 scopus 로고
    • Depression in patients with parkinsonism
    • Robins AH. Depression in patients with parkinsonism. Br J Psychiatry 1976;128:141-5.
    • (1976) Br J Psychiatry , vol.128 , pp. 141-145
    • Robins, A.H.1
  • 120
    • 0026582759 scopus 로고
    • Depression and Parkinson's disease: A review
    • Cummings JL. Depression and Parkinson's disease: a review. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:443-54.
    • (1992) Am J Psychiatry , vol.149 , pp. 443-454
    • Cummings, J.L.1
  • 121
    • 0022350126 scopus 로고
    • Health status of the rural elderly according to farm work history: The Iowa 65+ rural health study
    • Yesalis CEI, Lemke JH, Wallace RB, Kohonut FJ, Morris MC. Health status of the rural elderly according to farm work history: the Iowa 65+ rural health study. Arch Environ Health 1985;40:245-50.
    • (1985) Arch Environ Health , vol.40 , pp. 245-250
    • Yesalis, C.E.I.1    Lemke, J.H.2    Wallace, R.B.3    Kohonut, F.J.4    Morris, M.C.5
  • 122
    • 0026165306 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal liver enzyme-mediated metabolism in Parkinson's disease: A second look
    • Tanner C. Abnormal liver enzyme-mediated metabolism in Parkinson's disease: a second look. Neurology 1991;41:89-91.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 89-91
    • Tanner, C.1
  • 126
    • 0026747176 scopus 로고
    • Debrisoquine hydroxylase gene polymorphism and suceptibility to Parkinson's disease
    • Smith CAD, Gough AC, Leigh PN, et al. Debrisoquine hydroxylase gene polymorphism and suceptibility to Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1992;339:1375-7.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , pp. 1375-1377
    • Smith, C.A.D.1    Gough, A.C.2    Leigh, P.N.3
  • 127
    • 0025893945 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: Pathophysiology
    • Agid Y. Parkinson's disease: pathophysiology. Lancet 1991;337:1321-3.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 1321-1323
    • Agid, Y.1
  • 128
    • 0018356633 scopus 로고
    • Viral antibodies in serum and CSF of parkinsonian patients and controls
    • Elizan TS, Madden DL, Noble GR, et al. Viral antibodies in serum and CSF of parkinsonian patients and controls. Arch Neurol 1979;36:529-34.
    • (1979) Arch Neurol , vol.36 , pp. 529-534
    • Elizan, T.S.1    Madden, D.L.2    Noble, G.R.3
  • 130
    • 0018305471 scopus 로고
    • Search for viral particles and virus-specific products in idiopathic Parkinson disease brain material
    • Schwartz J, Elizan TS. Search for viral particles and virus-specific products in idiopathic Parkinson disease brain material. Ann Neurol 1979;6:261-3.
    • (1979) Ann Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 261-263
    • Schwartz, J.1    Elizan, T.S.2
  • 132
    • 0026510759 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and Parkinson disease: The illusion of a neuroprotective effect
    • Riggs JE. Cigarette smoking and Parkinson disease: the illusion of a neuroprotective effect. Clin Neuropharmacol 1992;15:88-99.
    • (1992) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 88-99
    • Riggs, J.E.1
  • 133
    • 0027916071 scopus 로고
    • Smoking and neurodegenerative diseases
    • Ben-Shlomo Y. Smoking and neurodegenerative diseases. Lancet 1993;342:1239.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1239
    • Ben-Shlomo, Y.1
  • 134
    • 0022619469 scopus 로고
    • Monoamine oxidase B, smoking and Parkinson's disease
    • Yong VW, Perry TL. Monoamine oxidase B, smoking and Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 1986;72:265-72.
    • (1986) J Neurol Sci , vol.72 , pp. 265-272
    • Yong, V.W.1    Perry, T.L.2
  • 135
    • 0028059308 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage in neurodegenerative disease
    • Jenner P. Oxidative damage in neurodegenerative disease. Lancet 1994;344:796-8.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 796-798
    • Jenner, P.1
  • 137
    • 0027508055 scopus 로고
    • Induction of cytochrome P-450 enzymes via tobacco smoke: A potential mechanism for developing resistance to environmental toxins as related to parkinsonism and other neurologic diseases
    • Gresham LS, Molgaard CA, Smith RA. Induction of cytochrome P-450 enzymes via tobacco smoke: a potential mechanism for developing resistance to environmental toxins as related to parkinsonism and other neurologic diseases. Neuroepidemiology 1993;12:114-6.
    • (1993) Neuroepidemiology , vol.12 , pp. 114-116
    • Gresham, L.S.1    Molgaard, C.A.2    Smith, R.A.3
  • 138
    • 0022508708 scopus 로고
    • Smoking and Parkinson's disease: Search for a dose-response relationship
    • Golbe LJ, Cody RA, Duvoisin RC. Smoking and Parkinson's disease: search for a dose-response relationship. Arch Neurol 1986;43:774-80.
    • (1986) Arch Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 774-780
    • Golbe, L.J.1    Cody, R.A.2    Duvoisin, R.C.3
  • 140
    • 84907131021 scopus 로고
    • Personality and cigarette smoking in Italy, Poland and the United States
    • Forgays DG, Bonaiuto P, Wrzesniewski K, Forgays DK. Personality and cigarette smoking in Italy, Poland and the United States. Int J Addict 1993;28:399-413.
    • (1993) Int J Addict , vol.28 , pp. 399-413
    • Forgays, D.G.1    Bonaiuto, P.2    Wrzesniewski, K.3    Forgays, D.K.4
  • 143
    • 0023270670 scopus 로고
    • Recall bias: A proposal for assessment and control
    • Raphael K. Recall bias: a proposal for assessment and control. Int J Epidemiol 1987;16:167-70.
    • (1987) Int J Epidemiol , vol.16 , pp. 167-170
    • Raphael, K.1
  • 144
    • 0028006270 scopus 로고
    • Should we consider a subject's knowledge of the etiologic hypothesis in the analysis of case-control studies?
    • Weiss N. Should we consider a subject's knowledge of the etiologic hypothesis in the analysis of case-control studies? Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:247-9.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.139 , pp. 247-249
    • Weiss, N.1
  • 145
    • 0022976146 scopus 로고
    • Early onset Parkinson's disease in Saskatchewan - Environmental considerations for etiology
    • Rajput AH, Utti RJ, Stern W, Laverry W. Early onset Parkinson's disease in Saskatchewan - environmental considerations for etiology. Can J Neurol Sci 1986;13: 312-6.
    • (1986) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.13 , pp. 312-316
    • Rajput, A.H.1    Utti, R.J.2    Stern, W.3    Laverry, W.4
  • 146
    • 0025297282 scopus 로고
    • Choosing cases and controls in neurological research
    • Martyn CN. Choosing cases and controls in neurological research. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990;53:453-4.
    • (1990) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 453-454
    • Martyn, C.N.1
  • 147
    • 0029113510 scopus 로고
    • Health services access and use among older adults in North Carolina: Urban vs rural residents
    • Blazer DG, Landerman LR, Fillenbaum G, Horner R. Health services access and use among older adults in North Carolina: urban vs rural residents. Am J Public Health 1995;85:1384-90.
    • (1995) Am J Public Health , vol.85 , pp. 1384-1390
    • Blazer, D.G.1    Landerman, L.R.2    Fillenbaum, G.3    Horner, R.4
  • 148
    • 0028947883 scopus 로고
    • Demographic differences in referral rates to neurologists of patients with suspected Parkinson's disease: Implications for case-control study design
    • Rybicki BA, Johnson CC, Gorell JM. Demographic differences in referral rates to neurologists of patients with suspected Parkinson's disease: implications for case-control study design. Neuroepidemiology 1995;14:72-81.
    • (1995) Neuroepidemiology , vol.14 , pp. 72-81
    • Rybicki, B.A.1    Johnson, C.C.2    Gorell, J.M.3
  • 150
    • 0026352740 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease in Ferrara, Italy, 1967 through 1987
    • Granieri E, Carreras M, Casetta I, et al. Parkinson's disease in Ferrara, Italy, 1967 through 1987. Arch Neurol 1991;49:854-7.
    • (1991) Arch Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 854-857
    • Granieri, E.1    Carreras, M.2    Casetta, I.3
  • 151
    • 0025924025 scopus 로고
    • How independent are "independent" effects? Relative risk estimation when correlated exposures are measured imprecisely
    • Phillips AN, Davey Smith G. How independent are "independent" effects? Relative risk estimation when correlated exposures are measured imprecisely. J Clin Epidemiol 1991;44:1223-31.
    • (1991) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.44 , pp. 1223-1231
    • Phillips, A.N.1    Davey Smith, G.2
  • 152
    • 0023231751 scopus 로고
    • Geography, drinking water chemistry, pesticides and herbicides and the etiology of Parkinson's disease
    • Rajput AH, Uitti RJ, Stern W, et al. Geography, drinking water chemistry, pesticides and herbicides and the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Can J Neurol Sci 1987;14:414-8.
    • (1987) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.14 , pp. 414-418
    • Rajput, A.H.1    Uitti, R.J.2    Stern, W.3
  • 153
    • 0023253372 scopus 로고
    • Guam ALS/Parkinsonism-dementia: A long-latency neurotoxic disorder caused by "slow toxin(s)" in food?
    • Spencer P. Guam ALS/Parkinsonism-dementia: a long-latency neurotoxic disorder caused by "slow toxin(s)" in food? Can J Neurol Sci 1987;14:347-57.
    • (1987) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.14 , pp. 347-357
    • Spencer, P.1
  • 154
    • 0013006612 scopus 로고
    • Overview of nutritional epidemiology
    • Willett W, ed. New York: Oxford University Press
    • Willett W. Overview of nutritional epidemiology. In: Willett W, ed. Nutritional epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990;3-19.
    • (1990) Nutritional Epidemiology , pp. 3-19
    • Willett, W.1
  • 156
    • 0027530638 scopus 로고
    • Effects of tocopherol and deprenyl on the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease
    • The Parkinson Study Group. Effects of tocopherol and deprenyl on the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 1993;328:176-83.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 176-183
  • 157
    • 0017247947 scopus 로고
    • Arteriosclerosis, heredity, and some previous infections in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. A case-control study
    • Marttila RJ, Rinne UK. Arteriosclerosis, heredity, and some previous infections in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. A case-control study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1976;79:46-56.
    • (1976) Clin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.79 , pp. 46-56
    • Marttila, R.J.1    Rinne, U.K.2
  • 158
    • 0023173619 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: Progression and mortality
    • Hoehn MMM. Parkinson's disease: progression and mortality. Adv Neurol 1986;45:457-61.
    • (1986) Adv Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 457-461
    • Hoehn, M.M.M.1
  • 159
    • 34447491174 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and Parkinson's disease
    • Rose FC, Capildeo R, eds. London: Pitman
    • Marmot MG. Mortality and Parkinson's disease. In: Rose FC, Capildeo R, eds. Research progress in Parkinson's disease. London: Pitman, 1988;9-16.
    • (1988) Research Progress in Parkinson's Disease , pp. 9-16
    • Marmot, M.G.1
  • 160
    • 0023109145 scopus 로고
    • A case-control study of smoking habits, dementia, and other illnesses in idiopathic Parkinson's disease
    • Rajput AH, Offord KP, Beard CM, Kurland LT. A case-control study of smoking habits, dementia, and other illnesses in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1987; 37:226-32.
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 226-232
    • Rajput, A.H.1    Offord, K.P.2    Beard, C.M.3    Kurland, L.T.4
  • 161
    • 0023951039 scopus 로고
    • Fructose prevents 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced ATP depletion and toxicity in isolated hepatocytes
    • Di Monte D, Sandy MS, Blank L, Smith MT. Fructose prevents 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced ATP depletion and toxicity in isolated hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988;153: 734-40.
    • (1988) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.153 , pp. 734-740
    • Di Monte, D.1    Sandy, M.S.2    Blank, L.3    Smith, M.T.4
  • 162
    • 0029002226 scopus 로고
    • Occurence of different cancers in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Möller H, Mellemkjaer L, McLaughlin JK, Olsen JH. Occurence of different cancers in patients with Parkinson's disease. BMJ 1995;310:1500-1.
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.310 , pp. 1500-1501
    • Möller, H.1    Mellemkjaer, L.2    McLaughlin, J.K.3    Olsen, J.H.4
  • 164
    • 0021811271 scopus 로고
    • Low cancer rates among patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Jansson B, Jankovic J. Low cancer rates among patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1985;17:505-9.
    • (1985) Ann Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 505-509
    • Jansson, B.1    Jankovic, J.2
  • 165
    • 84939184100 scopus 로고
    • Are we living longer or dying longer?
    • Poulter N, Sever P, Thom S, eds. Oxford: Raddiffe Medical Press
    • Barrett-Connor E. Are we living longer or dying longer? In: Poulter N, Sever P, Thom S, eds. Cardiovascular disease: risk factors and intervention. Oxford: Raddiffe Medical Press, 1993:89-99.
    • (1993) Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factors and Intervention , pp. 89-99
    • Barrett-Connor, E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.