Effect of ascorbate supplementation on low density lipoprotein oxidation in smokers

Atherosclerosis

Volumn 119, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 139-150

  Fuller, Cindy J ^a   Grundy, Scott M ^a,b   Norkus, Edward P ^c   Jialal, Ishwarlal ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c OUR LADY OF MERCY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Ascorbate; Free radicals; LDL; Oxidation; Smoking

Indexed keywords

ASCORBIC ACID; FREE RADICAL; IRON; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PLACEBO;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; LIPID OXIDATION; MALE; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

EID: 0030053223     PISSN: 00219150     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(95)05659-9     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Witztum JL, Steinberg D. Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis. J Clin Invest 1991;88:1785.
2. Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Lipoprotein metabolism in the macrophage. Ann Rev Biochem 1983;52:223.
3. Gerrity RG. The role of the monocyte in atherogenesis. I. Transition of blood-borne monocytes into foam cells in fatty lesions. Am J Pathol 1981;103:181.
4. Ylä-Herttuala S, Palinski W, Rosenfeld ME, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Butler S, Witztum JL, Steinberg D. Evidence for the presence of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic lesions of rabbit and man. J Clin Invest 1989;84:1086.
5. Haberland ME, Fong D, Cheng L. Malondialdehyde-altered protein occurs in atheroma of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Science 1988;241:215.
6. Boyd H, Gown A, Wolfbauer G, Chait A. Direct evidence for a protein recognized by monoclonal antibody against oxidatively modified LDL in atherosclerotic lesions from Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Am J Pathol 1989;135:815.
7. Carew TE, Schwenke DC, Steinberg D. Antiatherogenic effect of probucol unrelated to its hypocholesterolemic effect: evidence that antioxidants in vivo can selectively inhibit low density lipoprotein degradation in macrophage-rich fatty streaks and slow the progression of atherosclerosis in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84:7725.
8. Björkhem I, Henriksson-Freyschuss A, Breuer O Diczfalusy U, Berglund L, Henriksson P. The antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene protects against atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb 1991;11:15.
9. Sparrow CP, Doebber TW, Olszewski J, Wu MS, Ventre J Stevens KA, Chao Y-S. Low density lipoprotein is protected from oxidation and the progression of atherosclerosis is slowed in cholesterol-fed rabbits by the antioxidant N,N′-diphenylphenylenediamine. J Clin Invest 1992;89:1885.
10. Physicians' Desk Reference, 48th edn. Medical Economics Company, NJ: Oradell, 1994.
11. Hirose M, Shibata M, Hagiwara A, Imaida K, Ito N. Chronic toxicity of butylated hydroxytoluene in Wistar rats. Food Cosmet Toxicol 1981;19:147.
12. Walter P. Supraphysiological dosages of vitamins and their implications in humans. Experientia 1991;47:178.
13. National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances, 10th edn. Washington, DC: National Academy Press 1989.
14. Machlin LJ, Bendich A. Free radical tissue damage: protective role of antioxidant nutrients. FASEB J 1987;1:441.
15. Frei B, England L, Ames BN. Ascorbate is an outstanding antioxidant in human blood plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86:6377.
16. Packer JE, Slater TF, Willson RL. Direct observation of a free radical interaction between vitamin E and vitamin C. Nature (London) 1979;278:737.
17. Kagan VE, Servinova EA, Forte T, Scita G, Packer L. Recycling of vitamin E in human low density lipoproteins. J Lipid Res 1992;33:385.
18. Willis GC. The reversibility of atherosclerosis. Can Med Assoc J 1957;77:106.
19. Ginter E, Cerven J, Nemec R, Mikul L. Lowered cholesterol metabolism in guinea pigs with chronic ascorbic acid deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 1971;24:1238.
20. Ginter E. Cholesterol: vitamin C controls its transformation to bile acids. Science 1973;197:702.
21. Enstrom JE, Kanim LE, Klein MA. Vitamin C intake and mortality among a sample of the United States population. Epidemiology 1992;3:194.
22. Jialal I, Vega GL, Grundy SM. Physiologic levels of ascorbate inhibit the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein. Atherosclerosis 1990;82:185.
23. Frei B. Ascorbic acid protects lipids in human plasma and low-density lipoprotein against oxidative damage. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54:11138.
24. Jialal I, Grundy SM. Preservation of the endogenous antioxidants in low density lipoprotein by ascorbate but not probucol during oxidative modification. J Clin Invest 1991;87:597.
25. Kimura H, Yamada Y, Morita Y, Ikeda H, Matsuo T. Dietary ascorbic acid depresses plasma and low density lipoprotein lipid peroxidation in genetically scorbutic rats. J Nutr 1992;122:1904.
26. Rifici VA, Khachadurian AK. Dietary supplementation with vitamins C and E inhibits in vitro oxidation of lipoproteins. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:631.
27. Church DF, Pryor WA. Free-radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implications. Environ Health Perspect 1985;64:111.
28. Frei B, Forte TM, Ames BN, Cross EC. Gas phase oxidants of cigarette smoke induce lipid peroxidation and changes in lipoprotein properties in human blood plasma: protective effects of ascorbic acid. Biochem J 1991;27:133.
29. Scheffler E, Huber L, Frühbis J, Schulz I, Ziegler R Dresel HA. Alteration of plasma low density lipoprotein from smokers. Atherosclerosis 1990;82:261.
30. Yokode M, Kita T, Arai H, Kawai C, Narumiya S, Fujiwara M. Cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages incubated with low density lipoprotein pretreated with cigarette smoke extract. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:2344.
31. Harats D, Ben-Naim M, Dabach Y, Hollander G, Stein O Stein Y. Cigarette smoking renders LDL susceptible to peroxidative modification and enhanced metabolism by macrophages. Atherosclerosis 1989;79:245.
32. Chow CK, Thacker RR, Changchit C, Bridges RB, Rehm SR Humble J, Turbek J. Lower levels of vitamin C and carotenes in plasma of cigarette smokers. J Am Coll Nutr 1986;3:305.
33. Bolton-Smith C, Casey CE, Gey KF, Smith WCS Tunstall-Pedoe H. Antioxidant vitamin intake assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire: correlation with biochemical status in smokers and non-smokers. Br J Nutr 1991;65:337.
34. Mezzetti A, Lapenna D, Pierdomenico SD, Calafiore AM Costantini F, Riario-Sforza G, Imbastero T, Neri M, Cuccurullo F. Vitamins E, C and lipid peroxidation in plasma and arterial tissue of smokers and non-smokers. Atherosclerosis 1995;112:91.
35. Harats D, Ben-Naim M, Dabach Y, Hollander G, Havivi E Stein O, Stein Y. Effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on susceptibility of plasma lipoproteins to peroxidation induced by acute smoking. Atherosclerosis 1990;85:47.
36. Lipid Research Clinics Program. Manual of Laboratory Operations: Lipid and Lipoproteins Analysis. National Institutes of Health publication F5-628. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, 1984.
37. Lepage G, Roy CC. Direct trans-esterification of all classes of lipids in a one-step reaction. J Lipid Res 1986;27:114.
38. Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M, Bowen P, Kendall J, Burgess M. Simultaneous determination of serum retinal and various carotenoids. J Micronutr Anal 1987;3:27.
39. Thurnham D, Davies J, Crump B, Situnayake R, Davis M. The use of different lipids to express serum tocopherol: lipid ratios for the measurement of vitamin E status. Ann Clin Biochem 1986;23:514.
40. Omaye S, Turnbull J, Sauberlich HE. Selected methods for the determination of ascorbic acid in animal cells tissues, and fluids. Methods Enzymol 1979;62:3.
41. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr A, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265.
42. Jialal I, Freeman D, Grundy SM. Varying susceptibility of different LDLs to oxidative modification. Arterioscler Thromb 1991;11:482.
43. Esterbauer H, Striegl G, Puhl H, Rotheneder M. Continuous monitoring of in vitro oxidation of human low density lipoprotein. Free Rad Res Commun 1989;6:67.
44. Jialal I, Scaccini C. Antioxidants and atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 1992;3:328.
45. Frei B, England L, Ames BN. Ascorbate is an outstanding antioxidant in human blood plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86:6377.
46. Fuller CJ, Jialal I. The effects of fatty acids and antioxidants on low density lipoprotein oxidation. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:1010S.
47. Jialal I, Grundy SM. Effect of combined supplementation with α-tocopherol, ascorbate, and beta carotene on low density lipoprotein oxidation. Circulation 1993;88:2780.
48. Princen HMG, van Poppel G, Vogelezang C, Buytenhek R Kok FJ. Supplementation with vitamin E but not β-carotene in vivo protects low density lipoprotein from lipid peroxidation in vitro: effect of cigarette smoking. Arterioscler Thromb 1992;12:554.
49. Reaven PD, Witztum JL. Comparison of supplementation of RRR-α-tocopherol and racemic α-tocopherol in humans. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:601.
50. Jialal I, Fuller CJ, Huet BA. The effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on LDL oxidation: a dose-response study. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 1995;15:190.
51. Retsky KL, Freeman MW, Frei B. Ascorbic acid oxidation product(s) protect human low density lipoprotein against atherogenic modification. J Biol Chem 1993;268:1304.
52. Herbert V. Everyone should be tested for iron disorders. J Am Diet Assoc 1992;92:1502.
53. Schechtman G, Byrd JC, Hoffmann R. Ascorbic acid requirements for smokers: analysis of a population survey. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:1466.
54. Abbey M, Noakes M, Nestel PJ. Dietary supplementation with orange and carrot juice in cigarette smokers lowers oxidation products in copper-oxidized low density lipoproteins. J Am Diet Assoc 1995;95:671.
55. Reaven PD, Khouw A, Beltz WF, Parthasarathy S, Witztum JL. Effect of dietary antioxidant combinations in humans: protection of LDL by vitamin E but not β-carotene. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:590.