Determination of the fluxes in the central metabolism of corynebacterium glutamicum by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with metabolite balancing

Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 111-129

  Marx, Achim ^a   De Graaf, Albert A ^a   Wiechert, Wolfgang ^a   Eggeling, Lothar ^a   Sahm, Hermann ^a  

^a FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

anaplerotic reactions; carbon labeling balance; intracellular fluxes; lysine; metabolite balance; NMR spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA; ENZYME KINETICS; ITERATIVE METHODS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; METABOLISM; METABOLITES; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY;

ANAPLEROTIC REACTIONS; CARBON LABELING BALANCE; CORYNEBACTERIUM GLUTAMICUM; INTRACELLULAR FLUXES; METABOLITE BALANCING;

BIOTECHNOLOGY;

CARBON 13; LYSINE;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL METABOLISM; COMPUTER PROGRAM; CORYNEBACTERIUM GLUTAMICUM; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; METABOLIC BALANCE; METABOLITE; NONHUMAN; PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CORYNEBACTERIUM GLUTAMICUM;

EID: 0030050268     PISSN: 00063592     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19960120)49:2<111::AID-BIT1>3.0.CO;2-T     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Aho, A. V., Sethi, R., Ullman, J. D. 1986. Compilers - principles, techniques and tools. Addison-Wesley, London.
2. Anderson, D. H. 1983. Compartmental modelling and tracer kinetics. In: S. Levin (ed.), Lecture notes in biomathematics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
3. Bergmeyer, H. U., Bernt, E., Schmidt, F., Stork, H. 1974, pp. 1196-1201. In H. U. Bergmeyer (ed.), Methods of enzymatic analysis, 2nd edition. Academic Press, New York.
4. 13C n.m.r. isotopomer and computer-simulation studies of the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway of human erythrocytes. Biochem. J. 296: 379-387.
5. Börmann-El Kholy, E. R., Eikmanns, B. J., Gutmann, M., Sahm, H. 1993. Glutamate dehydrogenase is not essential for glutamate formation by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 2329-2331.
6. Bröer, S., Eggeling, L., Krämer, R. 1993. Strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum with different lysine productivities may have different lysine excretion systems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 316-321.
7. Cremer, J., Eggeling, L., Sahm, H. 1991. Control of the lysine biosynthesis sequence in Corynebacterium, glutamicum as analysed by overexpression of the individual corresponding genes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 1746-1752.
8. Diaz-Ricci, J. C., Tsu, M., Bailey, J. E. 1992. Influence of expression of the pet operon on intracellular metabolic fluxes of Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 39: 59-65.
9. Eikmanns, B. J., Follettie, M. T., Girot, M. U., Sinskey, A. J. 1989. The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum: Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression. Mol. Gen. Genet. 218: 330-339.
10. Eikmanns, B. J., Rittmann, D., Sahm, H. 1995 Cloning, sequence analysis, expression, and inactivation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum icd gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase and biochemical characterization of the enzyme. J. Bacteriol. 177: 774-782.
11. Flanigan, I., Collins, J. G., Arora, K. K., MacLeod, J. K., Williams, J. F. 1993. Exchange reactions catalysed by group-transferring enzymes oppose the quantitation and the unravelling of the identity of the pentose pathway. Eur. J. Biochem. 213: 477-485.
12. Folkerts, M., Ney, U., Kneifel, H., Stackebrandt, E., Witte, E. G., Förstel, H., Schoberth, S. M., Sahm, H. 1989. Desulfovibrio furfuralis sp. nov., a furfural degrading strictly anaerobic bacterium. System. Appl. Microbiol. 11: 161-169.
13. Goel, A., Ferrance, J., Jeong, J., Ataai, M. M. 1993. Analysis of metabolic fluxes in batch and continuous cultures of Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 42: 686-696.
14. Gubler, M., Park, S. M., Jetten, M., Stephanopoulos, G., Sinskey, A. J. 1994. Effects of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase deficiency on metabolism and lysine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 40: 857-863.
15. Gubler, M., Jetten, M., Lee, S. H., Sinskey, A. J. 1994. Cloning of the pyruvate kinase gene (pyk) of Corynebacterium glutamicum and site-specific inactivation of pyk in a lysine-producing Corynebacterium lactofermentum strain. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 2501-2507.
16. Hager, W. W. 1988. Applied numerical linear algebra. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
17. 13C NMR studies of histidine fermentation with a Corynebacterium glutamicum mutant. Agric. Biol. Chem. 50: 307-310.
18. 13C NMR studies of glucose metabolism in L-glutamic acid and L-lysine fermentation by Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 37: 157-165.
19. Jetten, M. S. M., Sinskey, A. J. 1989. Characterisation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Corynebacterium glutamicum. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 111: 183-188.
20. Jetten, M. S. M., Pitoc, G. A., Follettie, M. T., Sinskey, A. J. 1994. Regulation of phospho(enol)-pyruvate- and oxaloacetate-converting enzymes in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 41: 47-52.
21. Kashiwaya, Y., Sato, K., Tsuchiya, N., Thomas, S., Fell, D. A., Veech, R. L., Passonneau, J. V. 1994. Control of glucose utilization in working perfused rat heart. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 25502-25514.
22. 13C-labeled lactate. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 25509-25521.
23. Kawahara, Y., Tanaka, T., Ikeda, S., Sone, N. 1988. Coupling sites of the respiratory chain of Brevibacterium lactofermentum. Agric. Biol. Chem. 52: 1979-1983.
24. Kinoshita, S., Tanaka, K. 1972. Glutamic acid. pp. 263-324. In: K. Yamada (ed.), The microbial production of amino acids. Wiley, New York.
25. Kiss, R. D., Stephanopoulos G. 1992. Culture instability of auxotrophic amino acid producers. Biotechnol. Bioeng 40: 75-85.
26. 13C NMR spectroscopy. J. Biol. Chem 263: 6964-6971.
27. Mancuso, A., Sharfstein, S. T., Tucker, S. N., Clark, D. S., Blanch, H. W. 1994. Examination of primary metabolic pathways in murine hybridoma with carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 44: 563-585.
28. Minikami, S., Yoshikawa, H. 1965. Thermodynamic considerations of erythrocyte glycolysis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 18: 345-349.
29. Nakayama, K. 1985. Lysine. pp. 607-620. In: M. Moo-Young (ed.), Comprehensive biotechnology. Pergamon, Oxford.
30. Neidhardt, F. C., Ingraham, J. L., Schaechter M. 1990. Physiology of the bacterial cell. pp. 133-173. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
31. Neijssel, O. M., Teixeira de Mattos, M. J. 1994. The energetics of bacterial growth. A reassessment. Mol. Microbiol. 13: 179-182.
32. Papoutsakis, E. T., Meyer, C. L. 1985. Equations and calculations of product yields and preferred pathway for butanediol and mixed-acid fermentations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 27: 50-66.
33. Pátek, M., Krumbach, K., Eggeling, L., Sahm, H. 1994. Leucine synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum: Enzyme activities, structure of leuA, and effect of leuA inactivation on lysine synthesis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 133-140.
34. Peters-Wendisch, P. G., Eikmanns, B. J., Thierbach, G., Bachmann, B., Sahm, H. 1993. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Corynebacterium glutamicum is dispensable for growth and lysine production. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 112: 269-274.
35. 13C]glucose incubation. Eur. J. Biochem. 217: 457-468.
36. Press, W. H., Flannery, B. P., Teukolsk, S. A., Vetterling W. T. 1988. Numerical recipes in C - the art of scientific computing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
37. Rabkin, M., Blum, J. J. 1985. Quantitative analysis of intermediary metabolism in hepatocytes incubated in the presence and absence of glucagon with a substrate mixture containing glucose, ribose, fructose, alanine and acetate. Biochem J. 225: 761-786.
38. Reder, C. 1988. Metabolic control theory: A structural approach. J. Theor. Biol. 135: 175-201.
39. Reinscheid, D. J., Kronemeyer, W , Eggeling, L., Eikmanns, B. J., Sahm, H. 1994. Stable expression of hom-l-thrB in Corynebacterium glutamicum and its effect on the carbon flux to threonine and related amino acids. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 126-132.
40. Reinscheid, D. J., Eikmanns, B. J., Sahm, H. 1994. Characterisation of the isocitrate lyase gene from Corynebacterium glutamicum and biochemical analysis of the enzyme. J. Bacteriol. 176: 3474-3483.
41. Reinscheid, D. J., Eikmanns, B. J., Sahm, H. 1994. Malate synthase from Corynebacterium glutamicum: Sequence analysis of the gene and biochemical characterization of the enzyme. Microbiology 140, 3099-3108.
42. Russel, J. B., Cook, G. M. 1995. Energetics of bacterial growth: Balance of anabolic and catabolic reactions. Microbiol. Rev. 59: 48-62.
43. Savinell, J. M., Palsson, B. O. 1992. Optimal selection of metabolic fluxes for in vivo measurement. I. Development of mathematical methods. J. Theor. Biol. 155: 201-214.
44. Schrumpf, B., Schwarzer, A., Kalinowski, J., Pühler, A., Eggeling, L., Sahm, H. 1991. Functionally split pathway for lysine synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Bacteriol. 173: 4510-4516.
45. Schrumpf, B., Eggeling, L., Sahm, H. 1992. Isolation and prominent characteristics of an L-lysine hyperproducing strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol. Biotechnol. 37: 566-571
46. Schuster, R., Schuster, S., Holzhütter, H.-G. 1992. Simplification of complex kinetic models used for the quantitative analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance or radioactive tracer studies. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 88: 2837-2844.
47. Seber, G. A. F., Wild, C. J. 1989. Nonlinear regression. Wiley, New York.
48. Shaka, A. J., Barker, P. B., Freeman, R. 1985. Computer-optimized decoupling scheme for wideband applications and low-level operation J. Magn. Reson. 64: 547-552.
49. Sharfstein, S. T., Tucker, S. N., Mancuso, A., Blanch, H. W., Clark, D. S. 1994. Quantitative in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hybridoma metabolism. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 43: 1059-1074.
50. Shiio, I., Ujigawa-Takeda, K. 1980. Presence and regulation of α-ketoglutarate dehyrogenase complex in a glutamate-producing bacterium, Brevibacterium flavum. Agric. Biol. Chem. 44: 1897-1904.
51. Shvinka, Yu. E., Viestur, U. E., Toma, M. K. 1979. Alternative pathways of oxidation in the respiratory chain of Brevibacterium flavum. Microbiology 48: 4-10.
52. 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Eur. J. Biochem. 213: 1325-1331.
53. Stephanopoulos, G., Vallino, J. J. 1991. Network rigidity and metabolic engineering in metabolic overproduction. Science 252: 1675-1680.
54. Stryer, L. 1988. Biochemistry, 3rd edition. W. H. Freeman, New York.
55. Sugimoto, S.-I., Shiio, I. 1987. Regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Brevibacterium flavum. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51: 101-108.
56. Sugimoto, S. I., Shiio, I. 1987. Regulation of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in Brevibacterium flavium. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51: 1257-1263.
57. Tosaka, O., Morioka, H., Takinami, K. 1979. The role of biotin dependent pyruvate carboxylase in L-lysine production. Agric. Biol. Chem. 43: 1513-1519.
58. Vallino, J. J., Stephanopoulos, G. 1990. Flux determination in cellular bioreaction networks: Application to lysine fermentation. pp. 205-219. In: S. K. Sikdar, M. Bier, and P. Todd (eds.), Frontiers in bioprocessing. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
59. Vallino, J. J., Stephanopoulos, G. 1993. Metabolic flux distributions in Corynebacterium glutamicum during growth and lysine overproduction. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 41: 633-646.
60. 13C NMR studies of the biosynthesis by Microbacterium ammoniaphilum of L-glutamate selectively enriched with carbon-13. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 1189-1195.
61. Walsh, K., Koshland, Jr., D. E. 1984. Determination of flux through the branch point of two metabolic cycles. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 9646-9654.
62. 13C NMR isotope labeling experiments. pp. 305-310. In: E. Gnaiger, F. N. Gellerich, and M. Wyss (eds.), Modern trends in biothermokinetics. Innsbruck University Press, Innsbruck.
63. Wood, T. 1985. The pentose phosphate pathway. Academic, Orlando, FL.
64. Zupke, C., Stephanopoulos, G. 1994. Modeling of isotope distributions and intracellular fluxes in metabolic networks using atom mapping matrices. Biotechnol. Prog. 10: 489-498.
65. 13C NMR - human fibronectin IgG-producing hybridoma cell culture intracellular flux analysis by mass balance. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 45: 292-303.