Association of sex hormones and adiposity with plasma levels of fibrinogen and PAI-1 in postmenopausal women

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 143, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 159-166

  Meilahn, Elaine N ^a,d   Cauley, Jane A ^a   Tracy, Russell P ^b   Macy, Elizabeth O ^b   Gutai, James P ^c   Kuller, Lewis H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

^c CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^d LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

blood coagulation; estrogens; fibrinolysis; obesity; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; women

Indexed keywords

ANDROSTENEDIONE; CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; ESTRONE; FIBRINOGEN; GESTAGEN; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1; SEX HORMONE; TESTOSTERONE;

AGED; ANDROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; BLOOD CLOTTING; BODY FAT; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CONTROLLED STUDY; ESTROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; FEMALE; FIBRINOGEN BLOOD LEVEL; FIBRINOLYSIS; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HORMONAL THERAPY; HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; OBESITY; POSTMENOPAUSE;

EID: 0030048374     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008725     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Jausen JWCM, Reinders JH. Fibrinolysis: system and processes. Coron Artery Dis 1992:3:425-34.
2. Ernst E. Some basic facts about fibrinogen-an introduction. In: Ernst E, Koenig W, Lowe GDO, et al., eds. Fibrinogen: a new cardiovascular risk factor. Vienna, Austria: Blackwell-MZV, 1992.
3. Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Castelli WP, et al. Fibrinogen and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingharn Study. JAMA 1987:258:1183-6.
4. Olofsson BO, Dahlen G, Nilsson TK. Evidence for increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator in plasma of patients with angiographically verified coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 1989;10:77-82.
5. Hamsten A, Blomback M, Wiman B, et al. Haemostatic function in myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 1986;55:58-66.
6. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten-year follow-up from the Nurses' Health Study. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:756-62.
7. Turksoy RN, Phillips LL, Southam AL. Influence of ovarian function of the fibrinolytic enzyme system. 1. Ovulatory and anovulatory cycles. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1961;93:1211-15.
8. Wallmo L, Gyzander E, Karlsson K. et al. α2-antiplasmin and α2-macroglobulin-the main inhibitors of fibrinolysis-during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, delivery, and treatment with oral contraceptives. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1982;61: 417-22.
9. Casslen B, Gustavsson B. Expression of cell membrane receptors for urokinase plasminogen activator (μ-PA) in the human endometrium increases during the ovarian cycle. Fi-brinolysis 1991;5:243-8.
10. Foley ME, Isherwood DM, McNicol GP. Viscosity, haematocrit, fibrinogen and plasma proteins in maternal and cord blood. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1978;85:500-4.
11. Dalaker K, Prydz H. The coagulation factor VII in pregnancy. Br J Haematol 1984;56:233-41.
12. Meade TW, Dyer S, Howarth DJ, et al. Antithrombin III and procoagulant activity: sex differences and effects of the menopause. Br J Haematol 1990;74:77-81.
13. Meilahn EN, Kuller LH, Matthews KA, et al. Hemostatic factors according to menopausal status and use of hormone replacement therapy. Ann Epidemiol 1992;2:445-55.
14. Scarabin P-Y, Plu-Bureau G, Bara L, et al. Haemostatic variables and menopausal status: influence of hormone replacement therapy. Thromb Haemost 1993;70:584-7.
15. Sundell IB, Nilsson TK, Ranby M, et al. Fibrinolytic variables are related to age, sex, blood pressure, and body build measurements: a cross-sectional study in Norsjo, Sweden. J Clin Epidemiol 1989;42:712-23.
16. Smokovitis A, Kokolis N, Taitzoglou I. Sex-related differences in plasminogen activator activity and plasminogen activator inhibition of human and animal kidneys: effect of orchidectomy or ovariectomy. Haemostasis 1991;21:305-12.
17. Folsom AR, Prineas RJ, Kaye SA, et al. Body fat distribution and self-reported prevalence of hypertension, heart attack, and other heart disease in older women. Int J Epidemiol 1989;18: 361-7.
18. Kvist H, Chowdury B, Grangard U, et al. Predictive equations of total and visceral adipose tissue volumes derived from measurements with computed tomography in adult men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:1351-61.
19. Ley CJ, Lees B, Stevenson JC. Sex- and menopause-associated chanses in body-fat distribution. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55:950-4.
20. Juhan-Vague I, Alessi MC, Vague P. Increased plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor I levels. A possible link between insulin resistance and atherothrombosis. Diabetologia 1991; 34:457-62.
21. American Druggist. February 1994. pp. 27-34.
22. Lohman TA, Froche A, Martorell R, eds. Anthropometrie standardization reference manual. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics Books, 1988.
23. Clauss A, Gerinnungs physiologische schnellmethode zur bestimmuns des fibrinogens. ( In German) Acta Haematol 1957;17:237-46.
24. DeClerck PJ, Alessi M-C, Verstreken M, et al. Measurement of plasminogen activator inhibitor I in biologic fluids with a murine monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood 1988;71:220-5.
25. Cauley JA, Gutai JP, Kuller LH, et al. The epidemiology of serum sex hormones in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 1989;120:1120-31.
26. United States Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. The menopause, hormone therapy and women's health. Washington DC: US GPO, May 1992. (No. OTA-BP-BA-88).
27. Tracy RP, Bovill EG, Fried LP, et al. The distribution of coagulation factors VII and VIII and fibrinogen in adults over 65 years. Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Ann Epidemiol 1992;2:509-19.
28. Meade TW, Imeson JD, Haines AP, et al. Menopausal status and haemostatic variables. Lancet 1986,1:22-4.
29. Balleisen L, Bailey J, Epping PH, et al. Epidemiological study on factor VII, factor VIII and fibrinogen in an industrial population-1. Baseline data on the relation to age, gender. body weight, smoking, alcohol, pill using and menopause. Thromb Haemost 1985;54:475-9.
30. Gebara OCE, Sutherland P, Matheney T, et al. Reduced levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor in premenopausal women in the Framingham Offspring Population: a possible cardioprotective mechanism. (Abstract). Circulation 1993;88 (Part 2):I-220.
31. Scarabin P-Y, Bonithon-Kopp C, Bara L, et al. Relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and menopausal status. Fibrinolysis 1990;4:233-6.
32. Lee AJ, Lowe GDO, Smith WCS, et al. Plasma fibrinogen in women: relationships with oral contraception, the menopause and hormone replacement therapy. Br J Haematol 1993,83: 616-21.
33. Folsom AR, Conlan MG, Davis CE, et al. Relations between hemostasis variables and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged adults. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators. Ann Epidemiol 1992;2:481-94.
34. Nabulsi AA, Folsom AR, White A, et al. Association of hormone replacement therapy with various cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1993;328: 1069-75.
35. Alkerjersig N, Fletcher AP, De Aiegler D, et al. Blood coagulation in postmenopausal women given estrogen treatment: companson of transdermal and oral administration. J Lab Clin Med 1988;111:224-8.
36. Boschetti C, Cortellaro M, Nencioni T, et al. Short- and long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy (transdermal estradiol vs. oral conjugated equine estrogen, combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate) on blood coagulation factors in postmenopausal women. Thromb Res 1991;62:1-8.
37. Chetkowski RJ, Meldrum DR, Steingold KA, et al. Biologic effects of transdermal estradiol. N Engl J Med 1986;314: 1615-20
38. Kroon UB, Silverstople G, Tengborn L. The effects of transdermal estradiol and oral conjugated estrogens on haemostasis variables. Thromb Haemost 1994;71:420-3.
39. Smith D, Gilbert M, Owen WG. Tissue plasminogen activator release in vivo in response to vasoactive agents. Blood 1986; 66:835-9.
40. Williams JK, Adams MR, Klopfenstein S. Estrogen modulates responses of atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Circulation 1990;81:1680-7.
41. Folsom AR, Qamhieh HT, Wing RR, et al. Impact of weight loss on plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), factor VII and other hemostatic factors in moderately overweight adults. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:162-9.
42. The Writing Group for the Postmenopausal Estrogen/ Progestin (PEPI) Trial. Effects of estrogen or estrogen/ prosestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. JAMA 1995;273:199-208.
43. Thompson SG, Martin JC, Meade TW. Sources of variability in coagulation factor assays. Thromb Haemost 1987;58: 1073-7.