Bioactive peptides from lizard venoms

Regulatory Peptides

Volumn 61, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 1-18

  Raufman, Jean Pierre ^a  

^a SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Exendin; Gila monster venom; Heloderma horridum; Heloderma suspectum; Helodermin; Helospectin

Indexed keywords

EXENDIN 3; EXENDIN 4; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1; HELODERMIN; HELOSPECTIN; MEMBRANE RECEPTOR; PEPTIDE; RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL POLYPEPTIDE RECEPTOR; VENOM;

CAT; CATTLE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; DOG; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG ISOLATION; DRUG PURIFICATION; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; GUINEA PIG; HUMAN; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; LIZARD; MAMMAL; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RABBIT; RAT; REVIEW; TISSUE; TOXIN ANALYSIS;

EID: 0030048156     PISSN: 01670115     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(96)00135-8     Document Type: Review

References (165)

1. Bertaccini, G., Active polypetides of nonmammalian origin, Pharm. Rev., 28 (1976) 127-177.
2. Van Noorden, S. and Falkmer S., Gut-islet endocrinology-some 7 evolutionary aspects, Invest. Cell Pathol., 3 (1980) 21-35.
3. Russell, F.E. and Bogert, C.M., Gila monster: its biology, venom and bite: a review, Toxicon, 19 (1981) 341-359.
4. Alagon, A.C., Maldonado, M.E., Julia, J.Z., Sanchez, C.R. and Possani, L.D., Venom from two sub-species of Heloderma horridum (Mexican beaded lizard): general characterization and purification of N-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester hydrolase, Toxicon, 20 (1982) 463-475.
5. Tu, A.T. and Hendon, R.R., Characterization of lizard venom hyaluronidase and evidence for its action as a spreading factor, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 76 (1983) 377-383.
6. 2 purified from the venom of the Mexican beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum horridum Wiegmann), Biochemistry, 25 (1986) 2927-2933.
7. Nikai, T., Imai, K., Sugihara, H. and Tu, A.T., Isolation and characterization of horridum toxin with arginine ester hydrolase activity from Heloderma horridum (beaded lizard) venom, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 264 (1988) 270-280.
8. 2 purified from Heloderma horridum (beaded lizard) venom, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1211 (1994) 61-68.
9. Patterson, R.A., Some physiological effects caused by venom from the Gila monster, Heloderma suspectum, Toxicon, 5 (1967) 5-10.
10. Patterson, R.A. Smooth muscle stimulating action of venom from the Gila monster, Heloderma suspectum, Toxicon, 5 (1967) 11-15.
11. Vesely, D.L., Gila monster and Mexican beaded lizard venoms enhance guanylate cyclase activity. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol., 36 (1982) 119-27.
12. Hendon, R.A. and Tu, A.T., Biochemical characterization of the lizard toxin gilatoxin, Biochemistry, 20 (1981) 3517-3522.
13. Utaisincharoen, P., Mackessy, S.P., Miller, R.A. and Tu, A.T., Complete primary structure and biochemical properties of gilatoxin, a serine protease with kallikrein-like and angiotensin-degrading activities, J. Biol. Chem., 268 (1993) 21975-21983.
14. Alagon, A., Possani, L.D., Smart, J. and Schleuning, W.D., Helodermatine, a kallikrein-like, hypotensive enzyme from the venom of Heloderma horridum horridum (Mexican beaded lizard), J. Exp. Med., 164 (1986) 1835-1845.
15. Mochca-Morales, J., Martin, B.M. and Possani, L.D., Isolation and characterization of helothermine, a novel toxin from Heloderma horridum horridum (Mexican beaded lizard) venom, Toxicon, 28 (1990) 299-309.
16. Nobile, M., Magnelli, V., Lagostena, L., Mochca-Morales, J., Possani, L.D. and Prestipino, G., The toxin helothermine affects potassium currents in newborn rat cerebellar granule cells, J. Membr. Biol., 139 (1994) 49-55.
17. Roller, J.A., Gila monster bite: a case report, Clin. Toxicol., 10 (1977) 423-427.
18. Streiffer, R.H., Bite of the venomous lizard, the Gila monster, Postgrad. Med., 79 (1986) 297-302.
19. Piacentine, J., Curry, S.C. and Ryan, P.J., Life-threatening anaphylaxis following Gila monster bite, Ann. Emerg. Med., 15 (1986) 969-961.
20. Bou-Abboud, C.F. and Kardassakis, D.G., Acute myocardial infarction following a Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum cinctum) bite, West J. Med., 148 (1988) 577-579.
21. Preston, C.A., Hypotension, myocardial infarction, and coagulopathy following gila monster bite, J. Emerg. Med., 7 (1989) 37-40.
22. Hooker, K.R. and Caravati, E.M., Gila monster envenomation, Ann. Emerg. Med., 24 (1994) 731-735.
23. Heitschel, S., Near death from a Gila monster bite, Emerg. Nurs. (1986) 259-262.
24. Raufman, J.P., Jensen, R.T., Sutliff, V.E., Pisano, J.J. and Gardner, J.D., Actions of Gila monster venom on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas, Am. J. Physiol., 242 (1982) G470-G474.
25. Amiranoff, B., Vauclin-Jacques, N., Boige, N., Rouyer-Fessard, C. and Laburthe, M., Interaction of Gila monster venom with VIP receptors in intestinal epithelium of human. A comparison with rat, FEBS Lett., 164 (1983) 299-302.
26. Dehaye, J.P., Winand, J., Damien, C., Poloczek, P., Svoboda, M. and Christophe, J., Stimulatory effects of Gila monster venom on rat pancreatic acini, Peptides, 5 (1984) 333-337.
27. Gillet, L., Robberecht, P., Waelbroeck, M., Camus, J.C., De Neef, P., Konig, W. and Christophe, J., Interaction of Gila monster venom with secretin receptors in rat pancreatic membranes, Peptides, 5 (1984) 407-409.
28. Blank, M.A., Brown, J.R., Hunter, J.C. Bloom, S.R. and Tyers, M.B., Effects of VIP and related peptides and Gila monster venom on genitourinary smooth muscle, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 132 (1986) 155-161.
29. Parker, D.S., Raufman, J.P., O'Donohue, T.L., Bledsoe, M., Yoshida, H. and Pisano, J.J., Amino acid sequences of helospectins, new members of the glucagon superfamily, found in Gila monster venom, J. Biol. Chem., 259 (1984) 11751-11755.
30. Hoshino, M., Yanaihara, C., Hong, Y.M., Kishida, S., Katsumaru, Y., Vandermeers, A., Vandermeers-Piret, M.C., Robberecht, P., Christophe, J. and Yanaihara, N., Primary structure of helodermin, a VIP-secretin-like peptide isolated from Gila monster venom, FEBS Lett., 178 (1984) 233-239.
31. Vandermeers, A., Vandermeers-Piret, M.C., Robberecht, P., Waelbroeck, M., Dehaye, J.P., Winand, J. and Christophe, J., Purification of a novel pancreatic secretory factor (PSF) and a novel peptide with VIP-and secretin-like properties (helodermin) from Gila monster venom, FEBS Lett., 166 (1984) 273-276.
32. Robberecht, P., Waelbroeck, M., Dehaye, J.P., Winand, J., Vandermeers, A., Vandermeers-Piret, M.C. and Christophe, J., Evidence that helodermin, a newly extracted peptide from Gila monster venom, is a member of the secretin/VIP/PHI family of peptides with an original pattern of biological properties, FEBS Lett., 166 (1984) 277-282.
33. Dehaye, J.-P., Winand, J., Michel, P., Robberectht, P., Waelbroeck, M., Vandermeers, A., Vandermeers-Piret, M.-C. and Christophe, J., Pancreatic secretory factor (PSF), a protein from Gila monster venom stimulating enzyme secretion from rat pancreatic acini, FEBS Lett., 166 (1984) 283-287.
34. 2 activity of pancreatic secretory factor, a new secretagogue isolated from the venom of Helodermsa suspectum, FEBS Lett., 172 (1984) 284-288.
35. Robberecht, P., Vandermeers, A,. Vandermeers-Piret, M.C., Gourlet, P., Cauvin, A., De Neef, P. and Christophe, J., Helodermin-like peptides, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 527 (1988) 186-203.
36. Vandermeers, A., Gourlet, P., Vandermeers-Piret, M.C., Cauvin, A., De Neef, P., Rathe, J., Svoboda, M., Robberecht, P. and Christophe, J., Chemical, immunological and biological properties of peptides like vasoactive-intestinal-peptide and peptide-histidine-isoleucinamide extracted from the venom of two lizards (Heloderma horridum and Heloderma suspectum), Eur. J. Biochem., 164 (1987) 321-327.
37. Desai, H., Uddman, R., Malina, J. and Sundler F., Helospectin-like immunoreactivity in the esophagus, Regul. Pept., 40 (1992) 363-371.
38. Ny, L., Alm, P., Ekstrom, P., Hannibal, J., Larsson, B. and Andersson, K.E., Nitric oxide synthase-containing, peptide-containing, and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves in the cat lower oesophagus, Histochem. J., 26 (1994) 721-733.
39. Jansen-Olesen, I., Goadsby, P.J., Uddman, R. and Edvinsson, L., Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) like peptides in the cerebral circulation of the cat, J. Auton. Nervous Syst., 49 Suppl. (1994) S97-S103.
40. Robberecht, P., De Neef, P., Vandermeers, A., Vandermeers-Piret, M.C., Svoboda, M., Meuris, S., De Graef, J., Woussen-Colle, M.C., Yanaihara, C. and Yanaihara, N., Presence of helodermin-like peptides of the VIP-secretin family in mammalian salivary glands and saliva, FEBS Lett., 190 (1985) 142-146.
41. Cardell, L.O., Sundler, F. and Uddman, R., Helospectin/helodermin-like peptides in guinea pig lung: distribution and dilatory effects, Regul. Pept., 45 (1993) 435-443.
42. Luts, A., Uddman, R., Absood, A., Hakanson, R. and Sundler, F., Chemical coding of endocrine cells of the airways: presence of helodermin-like peptides, Cell Tissue Res., 265 (1991) 425-433.
43. Hauser-Kronberger, C.E., Hacker, G.W., Sundler, F., Thurner, J. and Albegger, K., Distribution and co-localization of immunoreactive helospectin with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and peptide histidine methionine in human nasal mucosa, soft palate and larynx, Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol., 249 (1992) 201-205.
44. Hauser-Kronberger, C., Albegger, K., Saria, A. and Hacker, G.W., Regulatory peptides in the human larynx and recurrent nerves. Acta Oto-Laryngol., 113 (1993) 409-413.
45. Hauser-Kronberger, C., Hacker, G.W., Albegger, K., Saria, A., Muss, W.H., Schlohmicher-Thier, J. and Dietze, O., Die autonome und peptiderge Innervation des menschlichen Kehlkopfes. HNO., 42 (1994) 89-98.
46. Luts, A., Uddman, R., Alm, P., Basterra, J. and Sundler, F., Peptide-containing nerve fibers in human airways: distribution and coexistence pattern, Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 101 (1993) 52-60.
47. Sundler, F., Christophe, J., Robberecht, P., Yanaihara, N., Yanaihara, C., Grunditz, T. and Hakanson, R., Is helodermin produced by medullary thyroid carcinoma cells and normal C-cells? Immunocytochemical evidence, Regul. Pept., 20 (1988) 83-89.
48. Grunditz, T., Persson, P., Hakanson, R., Absood, A., Bottcher, G., Rerup, C. and Sundler, F. Helodermin-like peptides in thyroid C cells: stimulation of thyroid hormone secretion and suppression of calcium incorporation into bone, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86 (1989) 1357-1361.
49. Tsutsumi, Y., Kamoshida, S., Iguchi, K., Mochizuki, T. and Yanaihara, N., Is helodermin-like immunoreactivity in human thyroid C cells due to a salmon calcitonin-like substance, Regul. Pept., 31 (1990) 11-21.
50. Bjartell, A., Persson, P., Absood, A., Sundler, F. and Hakanson, R., Helodermin-like peptides in noradrenaline cells of adrenal medulla, Regul. Pept., 26 (1989) 27-34.
51. Elsas, T., Edvinsson, L., Sundler, F. and Uddman R., Neuronal pathways to the rat conjunctiva revealed by retrograde tracing and immunocytochemistry, Exp. Eye Res., 58 (1994) 117-126.
52. Kivipelto, L., Absood, A., Hakanson, R., Sundler, F. and Panula, P., Helodermin-and helospectin-like immunoreactivities in the rat brain: an immunochemical and immunohistochemical study, Neuroscience, 47 (1992) 135-153.
53. Luts, A., Uddman, R., Hakanson, R. and Sundler, F., Calcitonin, CGRP and helodermin in endocrine cells of the developing rat lung, Reg. Pept., 51 (1994) 121-129.
54. Robberecht, P., De Graef, J., Woussen, M.C., Vandermeers-Piret, M.C., Vandermeers, A., De Neef, P., Cauvin, A., Yanaihara, C., Yanaihara, N. and Christophe, J., Immunoreactive helodermin-like peptides in rat: a new class of mammalian neuropeptides related to secretin and VIP, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 130 (1985) 333-42, 1985.
55. Olsson, C. and Holmgren, S., Distribution of PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide)-like and helospectin-like peptides in the teleost gut, Cell Tissue Res., 277 (1994) 539-547.
56. Absood, A., Ekblad, E., Ekelund, M., Hakanson, R. and Sundler, F., Helospectin-like peptides in the gastrointestinal tract: immunocytochemical localization and immunochemical characterization, Neuroscience, 46 (1992) 431-438.
57. Eng, J., Exendin peptides, Mt. Sinai J. Med., 59 (1992) 147-149.
58. Eng, J., Andrews, P.C., Kleinman, W.A., Singh, L. and Raufman, J.P., Purification and structure of exendin-3, a new pancreatic secretagogue isolated from Heloderma horridum venom, J. Biol. Chem., 265 (1990) 20259-202262.
59. Eng, J., Kleinman, W.A., Singh, L., Singh, G. and Raufman, J.P., Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom. Further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas, J. Biol. Chem., 267 (1992) 7402-7405.
60. 125I-secretin to identify and characterize high-affinity secretin receptors on pancreatic acini, Am. J. Physiol., 245 (1983) G186-G196.
61. 125I]helodermin of high-affinity VIP receptors in rat liver membranes, FEBS Lett., 172 (1984) 55-58.
62. Robberecht, P., Coy, D.H., De Neef, P., Camus, J.C., Cauvin, A., Waelbroeck, M. and Christophe, J., Interaction of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and N-terminally modified VIP analogs with rat pancreatic, hepatic and pituitary membranes, Eur. J. Biochem., 159 (1986) 45-49.
63. Christophe, J., Svoboda, M., Lambert, M., Waelbroeck, M., Winand, J., Dehaye, J.P., Vandermeers-Piret, M.C., Vandermeers, A. and Robberecht, P., Effector mechanisms of peptides of the VIP family, Peptides, 7 Suppl. 1 (1986) 101-107.
64. Robberecht, P., Yanaihara, N., Yanaihara, C., De Neef, P., Camus, J.C., Vandermeers, A., Vandermeers-Piret, M.C. and Christophe, J., Interaction of synthetic N-and C-terminal fragments of helodermin with rat liver VIP receptors, Peptides, 7 Suppl. 1 (1986) 79-82.
65. Christophe, J., Svoboda, M., Waelbroeck, M., Winand, J. and Robberecht, P., Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in pancreas and liver. Structure-function relationship, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 527 (1988) 238-256.
66. Voisin, T., Couvineau, A., Guijarro, L. and Laburthe, M., VIP receptors from porcine liver: high yield solubilization in a GTP-insensitive form, Life Sci., 48 (1991) 135-141.
67. Guijarro, L., Couvineau, A., Calvo, J.R. and Laburthe, M., Solubilization of active and stable receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide from rat liver, Regul. Pept., 25 (1989) 37-50.
68. Guijarro, L.G., Rodriguez-Pena, M.S. and Prieto, J.C., Characterization of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in rat seminal vesicle, Am. J. Physiol., 260 (1991) E286-E291.
69. Sakakibara, H., Shima, K. and Said, S.I., Characterization of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors on rat alveolar macrophages, Amer. J. Physiol., 267 (1994) L256-L262.
70. Calvo, J.R., Montilla, M.L., Guerrero, J.M. and Segura, J.J., Expression of VIP receptors in mouse peritoneal macrophages: functional and molecular characterization, J. Neuroimmunol., 50 (1994) 85-93.
71. Berthon, P., Mirossay, L., Ito, S., Calvo, F. and Gespach C., Functional expression of VIP receptors in normal, immortalized and transformed mammary epithelial cells, Life Sci., 50 (1992) 791-798.
72. Le Meuth, V., Farjaudon, N., Bawab, W., Chastre, E., Rosselin, G., Guilloteau, P. and Gespach, C., Characterization of binding sites for VIP-related peptides and activation of adenylate cyclase in developing pancreas, Am. J. Physiol., 260 (1991) G265-G274.
73. Nilsson, C., Fahrenkrug, J., Lindvall-Axelsson, M. and Owman, C., Epithelial cells purified from choroid plexus have receptors for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, Brain Res., 542 (1991) 241-247.
74. Rai, A., Singh, G., Raffaniello, R., Eng, J. and Raufman, J.P., Actions of Helodermatidae venom peptides and mammalian glucagon-like peptides on gastric chief cells, Am. J. Physiol., 265 (1993) G118-G125.
75. Dehaye, J.P., Winand, J., Damien, C., Gomez, F., Poloczek, P., Robberecht, P., Vandermeers, A., Vandermeers-Piret, M.C., Stievenart, M. and Christophe, J., Receptors involved in helodermin action on rat pancreatic acini, Am. J. Physiol., 251 (1986) G602-G610.
76. Bissonnette, B.M, Collen, M.J., Adachi, H., Jensen, R.T. and Gardner, J.D., Receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin on rat pancreatic acini, Am. J. Physiol. 246 (1984) G710-G717.
77. McArthur, K.E., Wood, C.L., O'Dorisio, M.S., Zhou, Z.C., Gardner, J.D. and Jensen, R.T., Characterization of receptors for VIP on pancreatic acinar cell plasma membranes using covalent cross-linking, Am. J. Physiol., 252 (1987) G404-G412.
78. Zhou, Z.C., Gardner, J.D. and Jensen, R.T., Interaction of peptides related to VIP and secretin with guinea pig pancreatic acini, Am. J. Physiol., 256 (1989) G283-G290.
79. Robberecht, P., De Neef, P., Waelbroeck, M., Camus, J.C., Scemama, J.L., Fourmy, D., Pradayrol, L., Vaysse, N. and Christophe, J., Secretin receptors in human pancreatic membranes, Pancreas, 3 (1988) 529-535.
80. Robberecht, P., Waelbroeck, M., de Neef, P., Camus, J.C., Coy, D.H. and Christophe, J., Pharmacological characterization of VIP receptors in human lung membranes, Peptides, 9 (1988) 339-345.
81. Gespach, C., Bawab, W., Chastre, E., Emami, S., Yanaihara, N. and Rosselin, G., Pharmacology and molecular identification of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors in normal and cancerous gastric mucosa in man, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 151 (1988) 939-947.
82. Salomon, R., Couvineau, A., Rouyer-Fessard, C., Voisin, T., Lavallee, D., Biais, A., Darmoul, D. and Laburthe, M., Characterization of a common VIP-PACAP receptor in human small intestinal epithelium, Am. J. Physiol., 264 (1993) E294-E300.
83. Rodriguez-Henche, N., Rodriguez-Pena, M.S., Guijarro, L.G. and Prieto, J.C., Characterization of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in human liver, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1221 (1994) 193-198.
84. Gespach, C., Bawab, W., de Cremoux, P. and Calvo, F., Pharmacology, molecular identification and functional characteristics of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in human breast cancer cells, Cancer. Res., 48 (1988) 5079-5083.
85. Abello, J., Damien, C., De Neef, P., Tastenoy, M., Hooghe, R., Robberecht, P. and Christophe, J. Properties of vasoactive-intestinal-peptide receptors and beta-adrenoceptors in the murine radiation leukemia-virus-induced lymphoma cell line BL/VL3, Eur. J. Biochem., 183 (1989) 263-267.
86. Damien, C., Robberecht, P., Abello, J., Hooghe, R. and Christophe, J., VIP-helodermin receptors in the murine virus-induced T lymphoma cell line BL/VL3 recover less rapidly than beta-adrenoceptors after down regulation, J. Rec. Res., 9 (1989-90) 441-449.
87. Robberecht, P., Waelbroeck, M., De Neef, P., Tastenoy, M., Gourlet, P., Cogniaux, J. and Christophe J., A new type of functional VIP receptor has an affinity for helodermin in human SUP-T1 lymphoblasts, FEBS Lett., 228 (1988) 351-355.
88. Robberecht, P., De Neef, P., Gourlet, P., Cauvin, A., Coy, D.H. and Christophe, J., Pharmacological characterization of the novel helodermin/VIP receptor present in human SUP-T1 lymphoma cell membranes, Regul. Pept., 26 (1989) 117-126.
89. Robberecht, P., De Neef, P., Abello, J., Damien, C., Coussaert, E. and Christophe, J., Recovery of VIP/helodermin-and prostaglandin E1-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities in desensitized SUP-T1 human lymphoblasts, Peptides, 10 (1989) 1027-1031.
90. Christophe, J., Cauvin, A., Vervisch, E., Buscail, L., Damien, C., Abello, J., Gourlet, P. and Robberecht, P., VIP receptors in human SUP-T1 lymphoblasts, Digestion, 46 (1990) 148-155.
91. Gourlet, P., De Neef, P., Woussen-Colle, M.C., Vandermeers, A., Vandermeers-Piret, M.C., Robberecht, P. and Christophe, J., The activation of adenylate cyclase by pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) via helodermin-preferring VIP receptors in human SUP-T1 lymphoblastic membranes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1066 (1991) 245-251.
92. Gourlet, P., Robberecht, P. and Christophe, J., Molecular characterization of helodermin-preferring VIP receptors in SUP T1 lymphoma cells: evidence for receptor glycosylation, J. Recept. Res., 11 (1991) 831-848.
93. Gossen, D., Tastenoy, M., Robberecht, P. and Christophe, J., Secretin receptors in the neuroglioma hybrid cell line NG108-15. Characterization and regulation of their expression, Eur. J. Biochem., 193 (1990) 149-154.
94. Nielsen, F.C., Gammeltoft, S., Westermark, B. and Fahrenkrug, J., High affinity receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide on a human glioma cell line, Peptides, 11 (1990) 1225-1231.
95. Lee, M., Jensen, R.T., Huang, S.C., Bepler, G., Korman, L. and Moody, T.W., Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide binds with high affinity to non-small cell lung cancer cells and elevates cyclic AMP levels, Peptides, 11 (1990) 1205-1209.
96. Luis, J. and Said, S.I., Characterization of VIP-and helodermin-preferring receptors on human small cell lung carcinoma cell lines, Peptides, 11 (1990) 1239-1244.
97. Frucht, H., Gazdar, A.F., Park, J.A., Oie, H. and Jensen, R.T., Characterization of functional receptors for gastrointestinal hormones on human colon cancer cells, Cancer Res., 52 (1992) 1114-22.
98. 125I]VIP binding sites and effects of VIP on cAMP-formation in rat insulinoma (RINm5F and RIN14B) cells, Regul. Pept., 40 (1992) 41-49.
99. Couvineau, A., Rouyer-Fessard, C., Darmoul, D., Maoret, J.J., Carrero, I., Ogier-Denis, E. and Laburthe, M., Human intestinal VIP receptor: cloning and functional expression of two cDNA encoding proteins with different N-terminal domains, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 200 (1994) 769-776.
100. Lutz, E.M., Sheward, W.J., West, K.M., Morrow, J.A., Fink, G. and Harmar, A.J., The VIP2 receptor: molecular characterisation of a cDNA encoding a novel receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide, FEBS Lett., 334 (1993) 3-8.
101. Svoboda, M., Tastenoy, M., Van Rampelbergh, J., Goossens, J.F., De Neef, P., Waelbroeck, M. and Robberecht, P., Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a human VIP receptor from SUP-T1 lymphoblasts, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 205 (1994) 1617-1624.
102. Fluhmann, B., Muff, R., Hunziker, W., Fischer, J.A. and Born, W., A human orphan calcitonin receptor-like structure, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 206 (1996) 341-347.
103. Gagnon, A.W., Aiyar, N. and Elshourbagy, N.A., Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a human liver vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor, Cell. Signal., 6 (1994) 321-333.
104. Raufman, J.P., Singh, L. and Eng, J., Exendin-3, a novel peptide from Heloderma horridum venom, interacts with vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors and a newly described receptor on dispersed acni from guinea pig pancreas. Description of exendin-3(9-39)amide, a specific exendin receptor antagonist, J. Biol. Chem., 266 (1991) 2897-2902.
105. Malhotra, R., Singh, L., Eng, J. and Raufman, J.P., Exendin-4, a new peptide from Heloderma suspectum venom, potentiates cholecystokinin-induced amylase release from rat pancreatic acini, Regul. Pept., 4 (1992) 149-156.
106. 39]exendin-4 to characterize exendin receptors on dispersed pancreatic acini and gastric chief cells from guinea pig, Regul. Pept., 53 (1994) 47-59.
107. Naruse, S., Yasui, A., Kishida, S., Kadowaki, M., Hoshino, M., Ozaki, T., Robberecht, P., Christophe, J., Yanaihara, C. and Yanaihara, N., Helodermin has a VIP-like effect upon canine blood flow, Peptides, 7 Suppl. 1 (1986) 237-240.
108. Konturek, S.J., Yanaihara, N., Pawlik, W., Jaworek, J. and Szewczyk, K., Comparison of helodermin, VIP and PHI in pancreatic secretion and blood flow in dogs, Regul. Pept., 24 (1989) 155-166.
109. Kuwahara, A., Kuwahara, Y., Mochizuki, T. and Yanaihara, N., Action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide on ion transport in guinea pig distal colon, Am. J. Physiol., 264 (1993) G433-G441.
110. Reddix, R., Kuhawara, A., Wallace, L. and Cooke, H.J., Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide: a transmitter in submucous neurons mediating secretion in guinea pig distal colon, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 269 (1994) 1124-1129.
111. Conroy, D.M., Samhoun, M.M. and Piper, P.J., Vasoactive intestinal peptide and helodermin inhibit the release of cyclo-oxygenase products induced by leukotriene D4 and bradykinin from guinea-pig perfused lung, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 218 (1992) 43-50.
112. Pakbaz, H., Foda, H.D., Berisha, H.I., Trotz, M. and Said, S.I., Paraquat-induced lung injury: prevention by vasoactive intestinal peptide and related peptide helodermin, Am. J. Physiol. 265 (1993) L369-L373.
113. Raufman, J.P., Singh, L., Singh, G. and Eng, J., Truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 interacts with exendin receptors on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas. Identification of a mammalian analogue of the reptilian peptide exendin-4, J. Biol. Chem., 267 (1992) 21432-21437.
114. Robberecht, P., De Neef, P., Waelbroeck, M., Tastenoy, M. and Christophe, J., VIP and related peptides induce rapid homologous desensitization in the human lymphoma SUP T1 cell line, Peptides, 10 (1989) 441-446.
115. Maruno, K. and Said, S.I., Small-cell lung carcinoma: inhibition of proliferation by vasoactive intestinal peptide and helodermin and enhancement of inhibition by anti-bombesin antibody, Life Sci., 52 (1993) PL267-PL271.
116. Bajo, A.M., Guijarro, L.G., Juarranz, M.G., Valenzuela, P., Martinez, P. and Prieto, J.C., Stimulation of the adenylyl cyclase activity in human endometrial membranes by VIP and related peptides, Biosci. Rept., 13 (1993) 69-77.
117. Lerner, U.H., Lundberg, P., Ransjo, M., Persson, P. and Hakanson, R., Helodermin, helospectin, and PACAP stimulate cyclic AMP formation in intact bone, isolated osteoblasts, and osteoblastic cell lines, Calcified Tissue Int., 54 (1994) 284-289.
118. Ahren, B., Helodermin stimulates glucagon secretion in the mouse, Peptides, 10 (1989) 709-711.
119. Ahren, B. and Falck, B., Effects of helodermin and VIP on insulin and glucagon secretion in the mouse, Regul. Pept., 32 (1991) 1-9.
120. Absood, A., Chen, D. and Hakanson, R., Neuropeptides of the vasoactive intestinal peptide/helodermin/pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide family elevate plasma cAMP in mice:comparison with a range of other regulatory peptides, Regul. Pept., 40 (1992) 311-322.
121. Ahren, B., Effects of helospectin I on insulin and glucagon secretion in the mouse, Br. J. Pharmacol., 102 (1991) 916-918.
122. Robberecht, P., Abello, J., Damien, C., de Neef, P., Vervisch, E., Hooghe, R. and Christophe, J., Variable stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by vasoactive intestinal-like peptides and beta-adrenergic agonists in murine T cell lymphomas of immature, helper, and cytotoxic types, Immunobiol., 179 (1989) 422-431.
123. Abello, J., Damien, C., Robberecht, P., Hooghe, R., Vandermeers, A., Vandermeers-Piret, M.C. and Christophe, J., Homologous and heterologous regulation of the helodermin/vasoactive-intestinal-peptide response in the murine radiation leukemia-virus-induced lymphoma cell line BL/VL3, Eur. J. Biochem., 183 (1989) 269-274.
124. Abello, J., Robberecht, P., Damien, C. and Christophe, J., Desensitization and recovery of prostaglandin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in a murine virus-induced T lymphoma cell line BL/VL3, J. Rec. Res., 9 (1989-90) 451-463.
125. Damien, C., Robberecht, P., Hooghe, R., De Neef, P. and Christophe, J., Decreased adenylate cyclase activation by helodermin and PGE1 in the lectin-resistant variant Wa4 of the mouse melanoma cell line B16, Peptides, 10 (1989) 1075-1079.
126. Ahren, B. and Hedner, P. Effects of VIP and helodermin on thyroid hormone secretion in the mouse, Neuropeptides, 13 (1989) 59-64.
127. Pfeilschifter, J., Naumann, A., Oechsner, M. and Ziegler, R., Effects of helodermin on fetal rat bone metabolism in vitro, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 170 (1990) 576-581.
128. Huffman, L., Michalkiewicz, M., Pietrzyk, Z. and Hedge, G.A., Helodermin, but not cholecystokinin, somatostatin, or thyrotropin releasing hormone, acutely increases thyroid blood flow in the rat, Regul. Pept., 31 (1990) 101-114.
129. Grundemar, L. and Hogestatt, E.D., Vascular effects of helodermin, helospectin I and helospectin II: a comparison with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), Br. J. Pharmacol., 99 (1990) 526-528.
130. Cox, H.M. and Cuthbert, A.W., Secretory actions of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, peptide histidine isoleucine and helodermin in rat small intestine: the effects of putative VIP antagonists upon VIP-induced ion secretion, Regul. Pept., 26 (1989) 127-135.
131. Schwarzschild, M.A., Vale, W., Corigliano-Murphy, A.C., Pisano, J.J., Ip, N.Y. and Zigmond, R.E., Activation of ganglionic tyrosine hydroxylase by peptides of the secretin-glucagon family: structure-function studies, Neuroscience, 31 (1989) 159-167.
132. Fehmann, H.C., Goke, R., Goke, B., Eissele, R. and Arnold, R., Helodermin and islet hormone release in isolated rat pancreas, Int. J. Pancreatol., 8 (1991) 289-303.
133. Wang, Z., Wang, R.M., Owji, A.A., Smith, D.M., Ghatei, M.A. and Bloom, S.R., Glucagon-like peptide-1 is a physiological incretin in rat, J. Clin. Invest., 96 (1996) 417-421.
134. Kolligs, F., Fehmann, H.C., Goke, R. and Goke, B., Reduction of the incretin effect in rats by the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor antagonist exendin (9-39) amide, Diabetes, 44 (1996) 16-19.
135. Koshiyama, H., Kato, Y., Inoue, T., Christophe, J., Yanaihara, N. and Imura, H., Helodermin stimulates prolactin secretion in the rat. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 141 (1987) 319-321.
136. Eissele, R., Bothe-Sandfort, E., Goke, B., Eng, J., Arnold, R. and Koop, H., Rat gastric somatostatin and gastrin release: interactions of exendin-4 and truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) amide, Life Sci., 55 (1994) 629-634.
137. 2, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 269 (1994) 183-191.
138. Rodriguez-Pena, M.S., Guijarro, L.G. and Prieto, J.C., Adenylyl cyclase stimulation by VIP in rat seminal vesicle membranes, Peptides, 12 (1991) 821-824.
139. Grundemar, L. and Hakanson, R., Unlike VIP, the VIP-related peptides PACAP, helodermin and helospectin suppress electrically evoked contractions of rat vas deferens, Regul. Pept., 40 (1992) 331-337.
140. Conroy, D.M., Samhoun, M.N. and Piper, P.J., Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide, helodermin and galanin on responses of guinea-pig lung parenchyma to histamine, acetylcholine and leukotriene D4, Br. J. Pharmacol., 104 (1991) 1012-1018.
141. 2 activity in vitro, Regul. Pept., 48 (1993) 301-307.
142. Bondesson, L., Norolind, K., Liden, S., Gafvelin, G., Theodorsson, E. and Mutt, V., Dual effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on leucocyte migration, Acta Physiol. Scand., 141 (1991) 477-481.
143. Hachisu, M., Hiranuma, T., Tani, S. and Iizuka, T., Enzymatic degradation of helodermin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, J. Pharmacobio-Dynamics, 14 (1991) 126-131.
144. Ørskov, C., Holst, J.J., Knuhtsen, S., Baldissera, F.G.A., Poulsen, S.S. and Nielsen, O.V., Glucagon-like peptides GLP-1 and GLP-2, predicted products of the glucagon gene, are secreted separately from pig small intestine but not pancreas, Endocrinology, 119 (1986) 1467-1475.
145. Mojsov, S., Heinrich, G., Wilson, I.B., Ravazzola, M., Orci, L. and Habener, J.F., Preproglucagon gene expression in pancreas and intestine diversifies at the level of post-translational processing, J. BIol. Chem., 261 (1986) 11880-11888.
146. Ørskov, C., Bersani, M., Johnsen, A.H., Hojrup, P., Holst, J.J., Complete sequences of glucagon-like peptide-1 from human and pig small intestine, J. Biol. Chem., 264 (1989) 12826-12829.
147. Goke, R., Rehmann, H.-C. and Goke, B., Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide is a new incretin/enterogastrone candidate, Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 21 (1991) 135-144.
148. Fehmann, H.C., Göke, R., Göke, B., Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide/(7-37): a new incretin hormone, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 85 (1992) C39-C44.
149. Fehmann, H.-C. and Habener, J.F., Insulinotropic glucagonlike peptide-I(7-37)/(7-36) amide. A new incretin hormone, Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 3 (1992) 158-163.
150. Holst, J.J., Glucagonlike peptide 1: a newly discovered gastrointestinal hormone, Gastroenterology, 107 (1994) 1848-1855.
151. Göke, R., Conlon, J.M., Receptors for glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36)amide one rat insulinoma-derived cells, J. Endocrinol., 116 (1988) 357-362.
152. Göke, R., Fehmann, H.C., Linn, T., Schmidt, H., Krause, M., Eng, J. and Göke, B., Exendin-4 is a high potency agonist and truncated exendin-(9-39)-amide an antagonist at the glucagon-like peptide 1-(7-36)-amide receptor of insulin-secreting beta-cells, J. Biol. Chem., 268 (1993) 19650-19655.
153. Lankat-Buttgereit, B., Göke, R., Stockmann, F., Jiang, J., Fehmann, H.C. and Göke, B., Detection of the human glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) amide receptor on insulinoma-derived cell membranes, Digestion, 55 (1994) 29-33.
154. Thorens, B., Expression cloning of the pancreatic -cell receptor for the gluco-incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89 (1992) 8641-8645.
155. Thorens, B., Porret, A., Buhler, L., Deng, S.P., Morel, P. and Widmann, C., Cloning and functional expression of the human islet GLP-1 receptor. Demonstration that exendin-4 is an agonist and exendin-(9-39) an antagonist of the receptor, Diabetes, 42 (1993) 1678-1682.
156. Fehmann, H.C., Jiang, J., Schweinfurth, J., Wheeler, M.B., Boyd, A.E 3rd. and Göke, B., Stable expression of the rat GLP-I receptor in CHO cells: activation and binding characteristics utilizing GLP-I(7-36)-amide, oxyntomodulin, exendin-4, and exendin(9-39), Peptides, 15 (1994) 453-456.
157. Fehmann, H.C., Jiang, J., Schweinfurth, J., Dorsch, K., Wheeler, M.B., Boyd, A.E. 3rd. and Göke, B., Ligand-specificity of the rat GLP-I receptor recombinantly expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-) cells, Zeitsch. Gastroenterol., 32 (1994) 203-207.
158. van Eyll, B., Lankat-Buttgereit, B., Bode, H.P., Göke, R. and Göke, B., Signal transduction of the GLP-1-receptor cloned from a human insulinoma, FEBS Lett., 348 (1994) 7-13.
159. Holz IV, G.G., Kühtreiber, W.M. and Habener, J.F., Pancreatic beta-cells are rendered glucose-competent by the insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide-1(7-37), Nature, 361 (1993) 362-365.
160. Gutnaik, M., Ørskov, C., Holst, J.J., Ahrén, B. and Efendic, S., Antidiabetogenic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus, N. Eng. J. Med., 326 (1992) 1316-1322.
161. Wang, Z., Wang, R.M., Owji, A.A., Smith, D.M. Ghatei, M.A. and Bloom, S.R., Glucagon-like peptide-1 is a physiological incretin in rat, J. Clin. Invest., 96 (1996) 417-21.
162. Hauser-Kronberger, C., Albegger, K., Saria, A. and Hacker, G.W., Neuropeptides in human salivary (submandibular and parotid) glands, Acta Oto-Laryngol., 112 (1992) 343-348.
163. Hauser-Kronberger, C., Saria, A. and Hacker G.W., Die peptiderge Innervation menschlicher Speicheldrusen (Glandula parotis und submandibularis), HNO., 40 (1992) 429-436.
164. Hauser-Kronberger, C., Hacker, G.W., Muss, W., Saria, A. and Albegger, K., Autonomic and peptidergic innervation of human nasal mucosa, Acta Oto-Laryngol., 113 (1993) 387-393.
165. Karn, R.C. and Russell, R., The amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit of mouse salivary androgen-binding protein (ABP), with a comparison to the partial sequence of the beta subunit and to other ligand-binding proteins, Biochem. Genet., 31 (1993) 307-319.