메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 84, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 173-189

Muscarinic signaling in the central nervous system: Recent developments and anesthetic implications

Author keywords

Analgesia: spinal mechanisms; Anesthetic mechanisms; Parasympathetic nervous system; Receptors: muscarinic acetylcholine: nicotinic

Indexed keywords

2 BROMO N (2 CHLOROETHYL) N ETHYLBENZYLAMINE; 3 (6 CHLORO 2 PYRAZINYL)QUINUCLIDINE; 4 DIPHENYLACETOXY 1 METHYLPIPERIDINE; ACETYLCHOLINE; ATROPINE; CARBACHOL; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; DROPERIDOL; GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; HALOTHANE; HEXAHYDROSILADIFENIDOL; HIMBACINE; METHACHOLINE; MUSCARINIC AGENT; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; NEOSTIGMINE; OTENZEPAD; PHYSOSTIGMINE; PIRENZEPINE; SCOPOLAMINE;

EID: 0030046875     PISSN: 00033022     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199601000-00020     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (96)

References (171)
  • 1
    • 0001536516 scopus 로고
    • The action of certain esters and ethers of choline and their relation to muscarine
    • Dale HH: The action of certain esters and ethers of choline and their relation to muscarine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1914; 6:147-96
    • (1914) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.6 , pp. 147-196
    • Dale, H.H.1
  • 2
    • 0000905202 scopus 로고
    • Über humorale Übertrachbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung. XI. Über den Mechanismus der Vaguswirkung von Physstigmin und Ergotamin
    • Loewi O, Navratil E: Über humorale Übertrachbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung. XI. Über den Mechanismus der Vaguswirkung von Physstigmin und Ergotamin. Pflügers Arch 1926; 214:689-96
    • (1926) Pflügers Arch , vol.214 , pp. 689-696
    • Loewi, O.1    Navratil, E.2
  • 3
    • 0000162994 scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase. An enzyme present in blood-sera from horse
    • Stedman E, Stedman E, Easson LH: Cholinesterase. An enzyme present in blood-sera from horse. Biochem J 1932; 26:2056-66
    • (1932) Biochem J , vol.26 , pp. 2056-2066
    • Stedman, E.1    Stedman, E.2    Easson, L.H.3
  • 4
    • 0019441262 scopus 로고
    • Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution current recording from cells and cell-free membrane patches
    • Hammill OP, Marty A, Neher E, Sakmann B, Sigworth FJ: Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution current recording from cells and cell-free membrane patches. Pflügers Arch 1981; 391: 85-100
    • (1981) Pflügers Arch , vol.391 , pp. 85-100
    • Hammill, O.P.1    Marty, A.2    Neher, E.3    Sakmann, B.4    Sigworth, F.J.5
  • 5
    • 0017258698 scopus 로고
    • Single channel currents recorded from membrane of denervated frog muscle fibers
    • Neher E, Sakmann B: Single channel currents recorded from membrane of denervated frog muscle fibers. Nature 1976; 260:799-802
    • (1976) Nature , vol.260 , pp. 799-802
    • Neher, E.1    Sakmann, B.2
  • 9
    • 0018835992 scopus 로고
    • Pirenzepine distinguishes between different subclasses of muscarinic receptors
    • Hammer R, Berrie CP, Birdsall NJM, Burgen ASV, Hulme EC: Pirenzepine distinguishes between different subclasses of muscarinic receptors. Nature 1980; 283:90-2
    • (1980) Nature , vol.283 , pp. 90-92
    • Hammer, R.1    Berrie, C.P.2    Birdsall, N.J.M.3    Burgen, A.S.V.4    Hulme, E.C.5
  • 10
    • 0022929947 scopus 로고
    • 3H]-N-methylscopolamine binding to muscarinic receptors in the rat central nervous system: Evidence for the existence of three classes of binding sites
    • 3H]-N-methylscopolamine binding to muscarinic receptors in the rat central nervous system: Evidence for the existence of three classes of binding sites. Mol Pharmacol 1986; 30:305-14
    • (1986) Mol Pharmacol , vol.30 , pp. 305-314
    • Waelbroeck, M.1    Gillard, M.2    Robberecht, P.3    Christophe, J.4
  • 11
    • 0023215789 scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptor heterogeneity in rat central nervous system. I. Binding of four selective antagonists to three muscarinic receptor subclasses: A comparison with M2 cardiac muscarinic receptors of the C type
    • Waelbroeck M, Gillard M, Robberecht P, Christophe J: Muscarinic receptor heterogeneity in rat central nervous system. I. Binding of four selective antagonists to three muscarinic receptor subclasses: A comparison with M2 cardiac muscarinic receptors of the C type. Mol Pharmacol 1987; 32:91-9
    • (1987) Mol Pharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 91-99
    • Waelbroeck, M.1    Gillard, M.2    Robberecht, P.3    Christophe, J.4
  • 13
    • 0027208248 scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptors - Characterization, coupling and function
    • Caulfield MP: Muscarinic receptors - characterization, coupling and function. Pharmacol Ther 1993; 58:319-79
    • (1993) Pharmacol Ther , vol.58 , pp. 319-379
    • Caulfield, M.P.1
  • 14
    • 0027384094 scopus 로고
    • G proteins: Basic characteristics and clinical potential for the practice of anesthesia
    • Yost CS: G proteins: Basic characteristics and clinical potential for the practice of anesthesia Anesth Analg 1993; 77:822-34
    • (1993) Anesth Analg , vol.77 , pp. 822-834
    • Yost, C.S.1
  • 15
    • 4644308195 scopus 로고
    • The G protein cell signalling system
    • Edited by Lake CL. Chicago, Mosby-Year Book, Inc.
    • Lynch C, Jaeger JM: The G protein cell signalling system, Advances in Anesthesia 11. Edited by Lake CL. Chicago, Mosby-Year Book, Inc. 1994, pp 65-112
    • (1994) Advances in Anesthesia , vol.11 , pp. 65-112
    • Lynch, C.1    Jaeger, J.M.2
  • 17
    • 0023215341 scopus 로고
    • Primary structure and biochemical properties of an M2 muscarinic receptor
    • Peralta EG: Primary structure and biochemical properties of an M2 muscarinic receptor. Science 1987; 236:600-5
    • (1987) Science , vol.236 , pp. 600-605
    • Peralta, E.G.1
  • 18
    • 0023191072 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a family of muscarinic acctylcholine receptors
    • Bonner TI, Buckley NJ, Young AC, Brann MR: Identification of a family of muscarinic acctylcholine receptors. Science 1987; 237:527-32
    • (1987) Science , vol.237 , pp. 527-532
    • Bonner, T.I.1    Buckley, N.J.2    Young, A.C.3    Brann, M.R.4
  • 19
    • 0024039146 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and expression of the human and rat m5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes
    • Bonner TI, Young AC, Brann MR, Buckley NJ: Cloning and expression of the human and rat m5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes. Neuron 1988; 1:403-10
    • (1988) Neuron , vol.1 , pp. 403-410
    • Bonner, T.I.1    Young, A.C.2    Brann, M.R.3    Buckley, N.J.4
  • 20
    • 0023661365 scopus 로고
    • Distinct primary structures, ligand-binding properties and tissue-specific expression of four human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
    • Peralta EG: Distinct primary structures, ligand-binding properties and tissue-specific expression of four human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors Embo J 1987; 6:3923-9
    • (1987) Embo J , vol.6 , pp. 3923-3929
    • Peralta, E.G.1
  • 21
    • 0024560588 scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of muscarinic receptor diversity
    • Bonner TI: The molecular basis of muscarinic receptor diversity. Trends Neurosci 1989; 12:148-51
    • (1989) Trends Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 148-151
    • Bonner, T.I.1
  • 22
    • 0028842282 scopus 로고
    • Current excitement from insect muscarinic receptors
    • Trimmer BA: Current excitement from insect muscarinic receptors. Trends Neurosci 1995; 18:104-11
    • (1995) Trends Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 104-111
    • Trimmer, B.A.1
  • 25
    • 0023740863 scopus 로고
    • Conserved aspartic acid residues 79 and 113 of the β-adrenergic receptor have different roles in receptor function
    • Strader CD, Sigal IS, Candelore MR, Rands E, Hill WS, Dixon RAF: Conserved aspartic acid residues 79 and 113 of the β-adrenergic receptor have different roles in receptor function. J Biol Chem 1988; 263:10267-71
    • (1988) J Biol Chem , vol.263 , pp. 10267-10271
    • Strader, C.D.1    Sigal, I.S.2    Candelore, M.R.3    Rands, E.4    Hill, W.S.5    Dixon, R.A.F.6
  • 28
    • 0027418423 scopus 로고
    • Structural basis for receptor subtype-specific regulation revealed by a chimeric β3/β2-adrenergic receptor
    • Liggett SB, Freedman NJ, Schwinn DA, Lefkowitz RJ: Structural basis for receptor subtype-specific regulation revealed by a chimeric β3/β2-adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90:3665-9
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 3665-3669
    • Liggett, S.B.1    Freedman, N.J.2    Schwinn, D.A.3    Lefkowitz, R.J.4
  • 29
    • 0025600997 scopus 로고
    • Distinct sequence elements control the specificity of G protein activation by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes
    • Lechleiter J, Hellmiss R, Duerson K, Ennulat D, David N, Clapham D, Peralta E: Distinct sequence elements control the specificity of G protein activation by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. EMBO J 1990; 9:4381-90
    • (1990) EMBO J , vol.9 , pp. 4381-4390
    • Lechleiter, J.1    Hellmiss, R.2    Duerson, K.3    Ennulat, D.4    David, N.5    Clapham, D.6    Peralta, E.7
  • 30
    • 0024430081 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a small intracellular region of the muscarinic m3 receptor as a determinant of selective coupling to PI turnover
    • Wess J, Brann MR, Bonner TI: Identification of a small intracellular region of the muscarinic m3 receptor as a determinant of selective coupling to PI turnover. FEBS Lett 1989; 258:133-6
    • (1989) FEBS Lett , vol.258 , pp. 133-136
    • Wess, J.1    Brann, M.R.2    Bonner, T.I.3
  • 31
    • 0025153423 scopus 로고
    • Delineation of muscarinic receptor domains conferring selectivity of coupling to guanine nucleotide-binding proteins and second messengers
    • Wess J, Bonner TI, Dörje F, Brann MR: Delineation of muscarinic receptor domains conferring selectivity of coupling to guanine nucleotide-binding proteins and second messengers. Mol Pharmacol 1990; 38:517-23
    • (1990) Mol Pharmacol , vol.38 , pp. 517-523
    • Wess, J.1    Bonner, T.I.2    Dörje, F.3    Brann, M.R.4
  • 34
    • 0024847889 scopus 로고
    • Site-directed mutagenesis of m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors: Conserved aspartic acids play important roles in receptor function
    • Fraser CM, Wang CD, Robinson DA, Gocayne JD, Venter JC: Site-directed mutagenesis of m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors: Conserved aspartic acids play important roles in receptor function. Mol Pharmacol 1989; 36:840-7
    • (1989) Mol Pharmacol , vol.36 , pp. 840-847
    • Fraser, C.M.1    Wang, C.D.2    Robinson, D.A.3    Gocayne, J.D.4    Venter, J.C.5
  • 35
    • 0025121206 scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Peptide sequencing identifies residues involved in antagonist binding and disulfide bond formation
    • Kurtenbach E, Curtis CAM, Pedder EK, Aitken A, Harris ACM, Hulme EC: Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Peptide sequencing identifies residues involved in antagonist binding and disulfide bond formation. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:13702-8
    • (1990) J Biol Chem , vol.265 , pp. 13702-13708
    • Kurtenbach, E.1    Curtis, C.A.M.2    Pedder, E.K.3    Aitken, A.4    Harris, A.C.M.5    Hulme, E.C.6
  • 36
    • 0025675412 scopus 로고
    • Chimeric m2/m3 muscarinic receptors: Role of carboxyl terminal receptor domains in selectivity of ligand binding and coupling to phosphoinositide hydrolysis
    • Wess J, Bonner TI, Brann MR: Chimeric m2/m3 muscarinic receptors: role of carboxyl terminal receptor domains in selectivity of ligand binding and coupling to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Mol Pharmacol 1990; 38:872-7
    • (1990) Mol Pharmacol , vol.38 , pp. 872-877
    • Wess, J.1    Bonner, T.I.2    Brann, M.R.3
  • 37
    • 0026040728 scopus 로고
    • Site-directed mutagenesis of the m3 muscarinic receptor, identification of a series of threonine and tyrosine residues involved in agonist but not antagonist binding
    • Wess J, Gdula D, Brann MR: Site-directed mutagenesis of the m3 muscarinic receptor, identification of a series of threonine and tyrosine residues involved in agonist but not antagonist binding. EMBO J 1991; 10:3729-34
    • (1991) EMBO J , vol.10 , pp. 3729-3734
    • Wess, J.1    Gdula, D.2    Brann, M.R.3
  • 38
    • 0027424460 scopus 로고
    • Postsynaptic actions of acetylcholine: The coupling of muscarinic receptor subtypes to neuronal ion channels
    • Caulfield MP, Robbins J, Higashida H, Brown DA: Postsynaptic actions of acetylcholine: The coupling of muscarinic receptor subtypes to neuronal ion channels. Prog Brain Res 1993; 98:293-301
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.98 , pp. 293-301
    • Caulfield, M.P.1    Robbins, J.2    Higashida, H.3    Brown, D.A.4
  • 39
    • 0018886033 scopus 로고
    • +-current in a vertebrate neuron
    • +-current in a vertebrate neuron. Nature 1980; 283: 673-6
    • (1980) Nature , vol.283 , pp. 673-676
    • Brown, D.A.1    Adams, P.R.2
  • 41
    • 0024335403 scopus 로고
    • On the transduction mechanism for muscarine-induced inhibition of M-current in cultured rat sympathetic neurones
    • Brown DA, Marrion NV, Smart TG: On the transduction mechanism for muscarine-induced inhibition of M-current in cultured rat sympathetic neurones. J Physiol 1989; 413:469-88
    • (1989) J Physiol , vol.413 , pp. 469-488
    • Brown, D.A.1    Marrion, N.V.2    Smart, T.G.3
  • 44
    • 0025918366 scopus 로고
    • 4 muscarinic receptor mediating Ca-current inhibition in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid (NG 108-15) cells
    • 4 muscarinic receptor mediating Ca-current inhibition in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid (NG 108-15) cells. BrJ Pharmacol 1991; 104: 39-45
    • (1991) BrJ Pharmacol , vol.104 , pp. 39-45
    • Caulfield, M.P.1    Brown, D.A.2
  • 45
    • 0022515173 scopus 로고
    • + channels by adenosine in isolated atrial cells: Involvement of GTP-binding proteins
    • + channels by adenosine in isolated atrial cells: involvement of GTP-binding proteins. Pflügers Arch 1986; 407: 264-74
    • (1986) Pflügers Arch , vol.407 , pp. 264-274
    • Kurachi, Y.1    Nakajima, T.2    Sugimoto, T.3
  • 51
    • 0028306721 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and functional expression of a novel brain-specific inward rectifier potassium channel
    • Morishige K, Takahashi N, Jahangir A, Yamada M, Koyama H, Zanclli JS, Kurachi Y: Molecular cloning and functional expression of a novel brain-specific inward rectifier potassium channel. FEBS Lett 1994; 346:251-6
    • (1994) FEBS Lett , vol.346 , pp. 251-256
    • Morishige, K.1    Takahashi, N.2    Jahangir, A.3    Yamada, M.4    Koyama, H.5    Zanclli, J.S.6    Kurachi, Y.7
  • 52
    • 0027228262 scopus 로고
    • G-proteins involved in the calcium channel signalling system
    • Hescheler J, Schultz G: G-proteins involved in the calcium channel signalling system. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1993; 3:360-7
    • (1993) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.3 , pp. 360-367
    • Hescheler, J.1    Schultz, G.2
  • 53
    • 0027388977 scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptor subtypes: Modulation of ion channels
    • Jones SV: Muscarinic receptor subtypes: modulation of ion channels. Life Sci 1993; 52:457-64
    • (1993) Life Sci , vol.52 , pp. 457-464
    • Jones, S.V.1
  • 54
    • 0027497451 scopus 로고
    • Membrane-delimited signaling complexes: Direct ion channel regulation by G proteins
    • Brown AM: Membrane-delimited signaling complexes: Direct ion channel regulation by G proteins. J Membr Biol 1993; 131:93-104
    • (1993) J Membr Biol , vol.131 , pp. 93-104
    • Brown, A.M.1
  • 55
    • 0026800520 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of ion channels by somatostatin and acetylcholine
    • Inoue M, Yoshii M: Modulation of ion channels by somatostatin and acetylcholine. Prog Neurobiol 1992; 38:203-30
    • (1992) Prog Neurobiol , vol.38 , pp. 203-230
    • Inoue, M.1    Yoshii, M.2
  • 57
  • 58
    • 0020338522 scopus 로고
    • Production of specific antisera and monoclonal antibodies to choline acetyltransferase: Characterization and use for identification of cholinergic neurons
    • Eckenstein F, Thoenen H: Production of specific antisera and monoclonal antibodies to choline acetyltransferase: characterization and use for identification of cholinergic neurons. EMBO J 1982; 1: 363-8
    • (1982) EMBO J , vol.1 , pp. 363-368
    • Eckenstein, F.1    Thoenen, H.2
  • 59
    • 0025058235 scopus 로고
    • Complementary DNAs for choline acetyltransferase from spinal cords of rat and mouse: Nucleotide sequences, expression in mammalian cells, and in situ hybridization
    • Ishii K, Oda Y, Ichikawa T, Deguchi T: Complementary DNAs for choline acetyltransferase from spinal cords of rat and mouse: Nucleotide sequences, expression in mammalian cells, and in situ hybridization. Mol Brain Res 1990; 7:151-9
    • (1990) Mol Brain Res , vol.7 , pp. 151-159
    • Ishii, K.1    Oda, Y.2    Ichikawa, T.3    Deguchi, T.4
  • 61
    • 0024322598 scopus 로고
    • Human reticular formation: Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine and later-odorsal tegmental nuclei and some cytochemical comparisons to forebrain neurons
    • Mesulam M, Geula C, Bothwell MA, Hersh LB: Human reticular formation: Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine and later-odorsal tegmental nuclei and some cytochemical comparisons to forebrain neurons. J Comp Neurol 1989; 281:611-33
    • (1989) J Comp Neurol , vol.281 , pp. 611-633
    • Mesulam, M.1    Geula, C.2    Bothwell, M.A.3    Hersh, L.B.4
  • 62
    • 0025018187 scopus 로고
    • Single cholinergic mesopontine tegmental neurons project to both the pontine reticular formation and the thalamus in the rat
    • Semba K, Reiner PB, Fibiger HC: Single cholinergic mesopontine tegmental neurons project to both the pontine reticular formation and the thalamus in the rat. Neuroscience 1990; 38:643-54
    • (1990) Neuroscience , vol.38 , pp. 643-654
    • Semba, K.1    Reiner, P.B.2    Fibiger, H.C.3
  • 63
    • 0027468659 scopus 로고
    • Dual projections of single cholinergic and aminergic brainstem neurons to the thalamus and basal forebrain in the rat
    • Losier BJ, Semba K: Dual projections of single cholinergic and aminergic brainstem neurons to the thalamus and basal forebrain in the rat. Brain Res 1993; 604:41-52
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.604 , pp. 41-52
    • Losier, B.J.1    Semba, K.2
  • 64
    • 0023161094 scopus 로고
    • Extrathalamic modulation of cortical function
    • Foote SL: Extrathalamic modulation of cortical function. Ann Rev Neurosci 1987; 10:67-95
    • (1987) Ann Rev Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 67-95
    • Foote, S.L.1
  • 65
  • 66
    • 0021988440 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain to the basolateralamygdaloid complex: A combined retrograde fluorescent and immunohistochemical study
    • Carlsen J, Záborszky L, Heimer L: Cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain to the basolateralamygdaloid complex: A combined retrograde fluorescent and immunohistochemical study J Comp Neurol 1985; 234:155-67
    • (1985) J Comp Neurol , vol.234 , pp. 155-167
    • Carlsen, J.1    Záborszky, L.2    Heimer, L.3
  • 67
    • 0024373897 scopus 로고
    • Brainstem projecting neurons in the rat basal forebrain: Neurochemical, topographical, and physiological distinctions from cortically projecting neurons
    • Semba K, Reiner PB, McGeer EG, Fibiger HC: Brainstem projecting neurons in the rat basal forebrain: Neurochemical, topographical, and physiological distinctions from cortically projecting neurons. Brain Res Bull 1989; 22:501-9
    • (1989) Brain Res Bull , vol.22 , pp. 501-509
    • Semba, K.1    Reiner, P.B.2    McGeer, E.G.3    Fibiger, H.C.4
  • 68
    • 0024822251 scopus 로고
    • Basal forebrain and mesopontine tegmental projections to the reticular thalamic nucleus: An axonal collateration and immunohistochemical study in the rat
    • Jourdain A, Seraba K, Fibiger HC: Basal forebrain and mesopontine tegmental projections to the reticular thalamic nucleus: an axonal collateration and immunohistochemical study in the rat. Brain Res 1989; 505:55-65
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.505 , pp. 55-65
    • Jourdain, A.1    Seraba, K.2    Fibiger, H.C.3
  • 69
    • 0025324839 scopus 로고
    • The paradox of nicotinic acctylcholine receptor upregulation by nicotine
    • Wonnacott S: The paradox of nicotinic acctylcholine receptor upregulation by nicotine. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1990; 11:216-9
    • (1990) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.11 , pp. 216-219
    • Wonnacott, S.1
  • 71
    • 0025478669 scopus 로고
    • Desensitization of central cholinergic mechanisms and neuroadaptation to nicotine
    • Ochoa ELM, Li L, McNamee MG: Desensitization of central cholinergic mechanisms and neuroadaptation to nicotine. Mol Neurobiol 1992; 4:251-87
    • (1992) Mol Neurobiol , vol.4 , pp. 251-287
    • Ochoa, E.L.M.1    Li, L.2    McNamee, M.G.3
  • 72
    • 0025906706 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural pharmacology of nicotine: Multiple mechanisms
    • Stolerman IP: Behavioural pharmacology of nicotine: Multiple mechanisms. Br J Addict 1991; 86:533-6
    • (1991) Br J Addict , vol.86 , pp. 533-536
    • Stolerman, I.P.1
  • 73
    • 0025765068 scopus 로고
    • Understanding brain mechanisms in nicotine reinforcement
    • Corrigall WA: Understanding brain mechanisms in nicotine reinforcement. Br J Addict 1991; 86:507-10
    • (1991) Br J Addict , vol.86 , pp. 507-510
    • Corrigall, W.A.1
  • 74
    • 0027158494 scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioral mechanisms of nicotine action: Role in the initiation and maintenance of tobacco dependence
    • Rosecrans JA, Karan LD: Neurobehavioral mechanisms of nicotine action: Role in the initiation and maintenance of tobacco dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat 1993; 10:161-70
    • (1993) J Subst Abuse Treat , vol.10 , pp. 161-170
    • Rosecrans, J.A.1    Karan, L.D.2
  • 75
    • 0023425001 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical localization of neuronal nicotinic receptors in the rodent central nervous system
    • Swanson LW, Simmons DM, Whiting PJ, Lindstrom J: Immunohistochemical localization of neuronal nicotinic receptors in the rodent central nervous system. J Neurosci 1987; 7:3334-42
    • (1987) J Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 3334-3342
    • Swanson, L.W.1    Simmons, D.M.2    Whiting, P.J.3    Lindstrom, J.4
  • 76
    • 0026666010 scopus 로고
    • 3H]nicotine binding sites in rat brain regions: An autoradiographic study
    • 3H]nicotine binding sites in rat brain regions: an autoradiographic study. Dev Brain Res 1992; 68:163-74
    • (1992) Dev Brain Res , vol.68 , pp. 163-174
    • Naeff, B.1    Schlumpf, M.2    Lichtensteiger, W.3
  • 78
    • 0027465882 scopus 로고
    • Immunological localization of m1-m5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in peripheral tissues and brain
    • Levey AI: Immunological localization of m1-m5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in peripheral tissues and brain. Life Sci 1993; 52:441-8
    • (1993) Life Sci , vol.52 , pp. 441-448
    • Levey, A.I.1
  • 79
    • 0026440541 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the concentration of messenger RNA encoding four muscarinic receptor subtypes in control and Alzheimer brains
    • Wang SZ, Zhu SZ, Mash DC, El-Fakahany EE: Comparison of the concentration of messenger RNA encoding four muscarinic receptor subtypes in control and Alzheimer brains. Mol Brain Res 1992; 16:64-70
    • (1992) Mol Brain Res , vol.16 , pp. 64-70
    • Wang, S.Z.1    Zhu, S.Z.2    Mash, D.C.3    El-Fakahany, E.E.4
  • 80
    • 0023508432 scopus 로고
    • Non-cholinergic basal forebrain neurons project to the contralateral basal forebrain in the rat
    • Semba K, Reiner PB, McGeer EG, Fibiger HC: Non-cholinergic basal forebrain neurons project to the contralateral basal forebrain in the rat. Neurosci Lett 1988; 84:23-8
    • (1988) Neurosci Lett , vol.84 , pp. 23-28
    • Semba, K.1    Reiner, P.B.2    McGeer, E.G.3    Fibiger, H.C.4
  • 81
    • 0024496309 scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic axons terminate on forebrain cholinergic neurons: An ultrastructural double-labeling study using PHA-L tracing and ChAT immunocytochemistry
    • Záborszky L, Cullinan WE: Hypothalamic axons terminate on forebrain cholinergic neurons: An ultrastructural double-labeling study using PHA-L tracing and ChAT immunocytochemistry. Brain Res 1989; 479:177-84
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.479 , pp. 177-184
    • Záborszky, L.1    Cullinan, W.E.2
  • 82
    • 0022918997 scopus 로고
    • GABAergic input to cholinergic forebrain neurons: An ultrastructural study using retrograde tracing of HRP and double immunolabeling
    • Záborszky L, Heimer L, Eckcnstein F, Leranth C: GABAergic input to cholinergic forebrain neurons: an ultrastructural study using retrograde tracing of HRP and double immunolabeling. J Comp Neurol 1986; 250:282-95
    • (1986) J Comp Neurol , vol.250 , pp. 282-295
    • Záborszky, L.1    Heimer, L.2    Eckcnstein, F.3    Leranth, C.4
  • 83
    • 0027490998 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic neurons identified by in situ hybridization histochemistry
    • Butcher LL, OhJD, Woolf NJ: Cholinergic neurons identified by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Prog Brain Res 1993; 98:1-8
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.98 , pp. 1-8
    • Butcher, L.L.1    Oh, J.D.2    Woolf, N.J.3
  • 84
    • 0027515384 scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine-cholinergic interaction in the basal forebrain
    • Záborszky L, Cullinan WE, Luine VN: Catecholamine-cholinergic interaction in the basal forebrain. Prog Brain Res 1993; 98: 31-49
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.98 , pp. 31-49
    • Záborszky, L.1    Cullinan, W.E.2    Luine, V.N.3
  • 85
    • 0027323369 scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic modulation of cognitive function: Clinical implications of anatomical, electrophysiological and behavioural studies in animal models
    • Berridge CW, Arnsten AFT, Foote SL: Noradrenergic modulation of cognitive function: Clinical implications of anatomical, electrophysiological and behavioural studies in animal models. Psych Med 1993; 23:557-64
    • (1993) Psych Med , vol.23 , pp. 557-564
    • Berridge, C.W.1    Arnsten, A.F.T.2    Foote, S.L.3
  • 86
    • 0025788205 scopus 로고
    • Discharge of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats and monkeys suggests a role in vigilance
    • Aston-Jones G, Chiang C, Alexinsky T: Discharge of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats and monkeys suggests a role in vigilance. Prog Brain Res 1991; 88:501-20
    • (1991) Prog Brain Res , vol.88 , pp. 501-520
    • Aston-Jones, G.1    Chiang, C.2    Alexinsky, T.3
  • 91
    • 0025789567 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological evidence for the involvement of the locus coeruleus in alerting, orienting and attending
    • Foote SL, Berridge CW, Adams LM, Pineda JA: Electrophysiological evidence for the involvement of the locus coeruleus in alerting, orienting and attending. Prog Brain Res 1991; 88:521-32
    • (1991) Prog Brain Res , vol.88 , pp. 521-532
    • Foote, S.L.1    Berridge, C.W.2    Adams, L.M.3    Pineda, J.A.4
  • 92
    • 0026706156 scopus 로고
    • Afferent connections of the laterodorsal and the pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei in the rat: A retro- and antero-grade transport and immunohistochemical study
    • Semba K, Fibiger HC: Afferent connections of the laterodorsal and the pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei in the rat: A retro- and antero-grade transport and immunohistochemical study. J Comp Neurol 1992; 323:387-410
    • (1992) J Comp Neurol , vol.323 , pp. 387-410
    • Semba, K.1    Fibiger, H.C.2
  • 93
    • 0027466299 scopus 로고
    • Aminergic and cholinergic afferents to REM sleep induction regions of the pontine reticular formation in the rat
    • Semba K: Aminergic and cholinergic afferents to REM sleep induction regions of the pontine reticular formation in the rat. J Comp Neurol 1993; 330:543-56
    • (1993) J Comp Neurol , vol.330 , pp. 543-556
    • Semba, K.1
  • 94
    • 0026357345 scopus 로고
    • Activity of brain serotonerigic neurons in the behaving animal
    • Jacobs BL, Fornal CA: Activity of brain serotonerigic neurons in the behaving animal. Pharmacol Rev 1991; 43:563-78
    • (1991) Pharmacol Rev , vol.43 , pp. 563-578
    • Jacobs, B.L.1    Fornal, C.A.2
  • 95
    • 0028364101 scopus 로고
    • Serotonergic synaptic input to cholinergic neurons in the rat mesopontine tegmentum
    • Honda T, Semba K: Serotonergic synaptic input to cholinergic neurons in the rat mesopontine tegmentum. Brain Res 1994; 647: 299-306
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.647 , pp. 299-306
    • Honda, T.1    Semba, K.2
  • 96
    • 0026601934 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin hyperpolarizes cholinergic low-threshold burst neurons in the rat laterodorsal tegmental nucleus in vitro
    • Luebke JI, Greene RW, Semba K, Kamondi A, McCarley RW, Reiner PB: Serotonin hyperpolarizes cholinergic low-threshold burst neurons in the rat laterodorsal tegmental nucleus in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89:743-7
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.89 , pp. 743-747
    • Luebke, J.I.1    Greene, R.W.2    Semba, K.3    Kamondi, A.4    McCarley, R.W.5    Reiner, P.B.6
  • 97
    • 0027250812 scopus 로고
    • 5-HT and motor control: A hypothesis
    • Jacobs BL, Fornal CA: 5-HT and motor control: A hypothesis. Trends Neurosci 1993; 16:346-52
    • (1993) Trends Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 346-352
    • Jacobs, B.L.1    Fornal, C.A.2
  • 98
    • 0027458421 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic innervation of the human cerebellum
    • de Lacalle S, Hersh LB, Saper CB: Cholinergic innervation of the human cerebellum. J Compar Neurol 1993; 328:364-76
    • (1993) J Compar Neurol , vol.328 , pp. 364-376
    • De Lacalle, S.1    Hersh, L.B.2    Saper, C.B.3
  • 99
    • 0027530369 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous pontine and basal forebrain microinjections of carbachol suppress REM sleep
    • Baghdoyan HA, Spotts JL, Snyder SG: Simultaneous pontine and basal forebrain microinjections of carbachol suppress REM sleep. J Neurosci 1993; 13:229-42
    • (1993) J Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 229-242
    • Baghdoyan, H.A.1    Spotts, J.L.2    Snyder, S.G.3
  • 100
    • 0014305130 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic agents related to para-sleep in acute brain stem preparations
    • Matsuzaki M, Okada Y, Shuto S-. Cholinergic agents related to para-sleep in acute brain stem preparations. Brain Res 1968; 9: 253-67
    • (1968) Brain Res , vol.9 , pp. 253-267
    • Matsuzaki, M.1    Okada, Y.2    Shuto, S.3
  • 101
    • 0014549261 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of scopolamine and chlorpromazine on REM and NREM sleep in normal male subjects
    • Sagales T, Erill S, Somino EF: Differential effects of scopolamine and chlorpromazine on REM and NREM sleep in normal male subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1969; 10:522-9
    • (1969) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.10 , pp. 522-529
    • Sagales, T.1    Erill, S.2    Somino, E.F.3
  • 102
    • 0027490066 scopus 로고
    • The organization of central cholinergic systems and their functional importance in sleep-waking states
    • Jones BE: The organization of central cholinergic systems and their functional importance in sleep-waking states. Prog Brain Res 1993; 90:61-71
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.90 , pp. 61-71
    • Jones, B.E.1
  • 103
    • 0024385756 scopus 로고
    • Unitary characteristics of presumptive cholinergic tegmental neurons during the sleep-waking cycle in freely moving cat
    • El Mansari M, Sakai K, Jouvet M: Unitary characteristics of presumptive cholinergic tegmental neurons during the sleep-waking cycle in freely moving cat. Exp Brain Res 1989; 76:519-29
    • (1989) Exp Brain Res , vol.76 , pp. 519-529
    • El Mansari, M.1    Sakai, K.2    Jouvet, M.3
  • 104
    • 0025280420 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of acetylcholine release during paradoxical sleep in the dorsal tegmental field of the cat brain stem
    • Kodama T, Takahashi Y, Honda Y: Enhancement of acetylcholine release during paradoxical sleep in the dorsal tegmental field of the cat brain stem Neurosci Lett 1990; 114:277-82
    • (1990) Neurosci Lett , vol.114 , pp. 277-282
    • Kodama, T.1    Takahashi, Y.2    Honda, Y.3
  • 105
    • 0027503068 scopus 로고
    • Pedunculopontine stimulation alters respiration and increases ACh release in the pontine reticular formation
    • Lydic R, Baghdoyan HA: Pedunculopontine stimulation alters respiration and increases ACh release in the pontine reticular formation Am J Physiol 1993; 264:R544-54
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.264
    • Lydic, R.1    Baghdoyan, H.A.2
  • 106
    • 0015213688 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine liberation from cerebral cortex during paradoxical (REM) sleep
    • Jasper HH, Tessier J: Acetylcholine liberation from cerebral cortex during paradoxical (REM) sleep. Science 1971; 172:601-2
    • (1971) Science , vol.172 , pp. 601-602
    • Jasper, H.H.1    Tessier, J.2
  • 107
    • 0026324162 scopus 로고
    • The cholinergic basal forebrain: A critical role in cortical arousal
    • Edited by Napier TC. New York, Plenum Press
    • Semba K: The cholinergic basal forebrain: A critical role in cortical arousal, The Basal Forebrain. Edited by Napier TC. New York, Plenum Press, 1991, pp 197-218
    • (1991) The Basal Forebrain , pp. 197-218
    • Semba, K.1
  • 108
    • 0028124475 scopus 로고
    • Statedependent release of acetylcholine in rat thalamus measured by in vivo microdialysis
    • Williams JA, Comisarow J, Day J, Fibiger HC, Reiner PB: Statedependent release of acetylcholine in rat thalamus measured by in vivo microdialysis. J Neurosci 1994; 14:5236-42
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 5236-5242
    • Williams, J.A.1    Comisarow, J.2    Day, J.3    Fibiger, H.C.4    Reiner, P.B.5
  • 109
    • 0017234102 scopus 로고
    • REM sleep induction by physostigmine infusion during sleep
    • Sitaram N, Wyatt RJ, Dawson S, Gillin JC: REM sleep induction by physostigmine infusion during sleep. Science 1976; 191:1281-3
    • (1976) Science , vol.191 , pp. 1281-1283
    • Sitaram, N.1    Wyatt, R.J.2    Dawson, S.3    Gillin, J.C.4
  • 110
    • 50849149031 scopus 로고
    • A pharmacological model of paradoxical sleep: The role of cholinergic and monoamine systems
    • Karczmar AG, Longo VG, De Carolis AS: A pharmacological model of paradoxical sleep: the role of cholinergic and monoamine systems. Physiol Behav 1970; 5:175-82
    • (1970) Physiol Behav , vol.5 , pp. 175-182
    • Karczmar, A.G.1    Longo, V.G.2    De Carolis, A.S.3
  • 111
    • 0016842653 scopus 로고
    • Sleep cycle oscillation: Reciprocal discharge by two brainstem neuronal groups
    • Hobson JA, McCarley RW, Wyzinski PW: Sleep cycle oscillation: reciprocal discharge by two brainstem neuronal groups. Science 1975; 189:55-8
    • (1975) Science , vol.189 , pp. 55-58
    • Hobson, J.A.1    McCarley, R.W.2    Wyzinski, P.W.3
  • 112
    • 0027361374 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine as a brain state modulator: Triggering and long-term regulation of REM sleep
    • Hobson JA, Datta S, Calva JM, Quattrochi J: Acetylcholine as a brain state modulator: Triggering and long-term regulation of REM sleep. Prog Brain Res 1993; 98:389-404
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.98 , pp. 389-404
    • Hobson, J.A.1    Datta, S.2    Calva, J.M.3    Quattrochi, J.4
  • 113
    • 0027990542 scopus 로고
    • Localization of muscarinic receptor subtypes in brain stem areas regulating sleep
    • Baghdoyan HA, Mallios VJ, Duckrow RB, Mash DC: Localization of muscarinic receptor subtypes in brain stem areas regulating sleep. Neuroreport 1994; 5:1631-4
    • (1994) Neuroreport , vol.5 , pp. 1631-1634
    • Baghdoyan, H.A.1    Mallios, V.J.2    Duckrow, R.B.3    Mash, D.C.4
  • 114
    • 0025376030 scopus 로고
    • Microinjections of nicotine in the medial pontine reticular formation elicits REM sleep
    • Velasquez-Moctezuma J, Shalauta MD, Gillin JC, Shiromani PJ: Microinjections of nicotine in the medial pontine reticular formation elicits REM sleep. Neurosci Lett 115:265-268, 1990
    • (1990) Neurosci Lett , vol.115 , pp. 265-268
    • Velasquez-Moctezuma, J.1    Shalauta, M.D.2    Gillin, J.C.3    Shiromani, P.J.4
  • 116
    • 0024314138 scopus 로고
    • Antinociception after nicotine administration into the mesopontine tegmentum of rats: Evidence for muscarinic actions
    • Iwamoto ET: Antinociception after nicotine administration into the mesopontine tegmentum of rats: evidence for muscarinic actions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 251:412-421, 1989
    • (1989) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.251 , pp. 412-421
    • Iwamoto, E.T.1
  • 117
    • 0026621301 scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic activity in the interpeduncular nucleus of the midbrain prolongs recovery from halothane anesthesia
    • Hentall ID, Abate KL, Wojcik RS, Andresen MJ: Nicotinic activity in the interpeduncular nucleus of the midbrain prolongs recovery from halothane anesthesia. Neuropharmacology 31:1299-1304, 1992
    • (1992) Neuropharmacology , vol.31 , pp. 1299-1304
    • Hentall, I.D.1    Abate, K.L.2    Wojcik, R.S.3    Andresen, M.J.4
  • 118
    • 0006275759 scopus 로고
    • Exploitable aspects of cholinergic functions, particularly with respect to the EEG, motor, analgesic and mental functions
    • Edited by Jenden D, Hanin I. New York, Plenum Press
    • Karczmar A: Exploitable aspects of cholinergic functions, particularly with respect to the EEG, motor, analgesic and mental functions, Cholinergic Mechanism and Psychopharmacology. Edited by Jenden D, Hanin I. New York, Plenum Press, 1978, pp 679-708
    • (1978) Cholinergic Mechanism and Psychopharmacology , pp. 679-708
    • Karczmar, A.1
  • 119
    • 0026336278 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral pharmacology and biochemistry of central cholinergic neurotransmission
    • Fibiger HC, Damsma G, Day JC: Behavioral pharmacology and biochemistry of central cholinergic neurotransmission. Adv Exp Med Biol 295:399-414, 1991
    • (1991) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.295 , pp. 399-414
    • Fibiger, H.C.1    Damsma, G.2    Day, J.C.3
  • 120
    • 0027367489 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic modulation of sensory information
    • Rasmusson DD: Cholinergic modulation of sensory information. Prog Brain Res 1993; 98:357-64
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.98 , pp. 357-364
    • Rasmusson, D.D.1
  • 121
    • 0027325616 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic innervation of the amygdaloid complex in the human brain and its alterations in old age and Alzheimer's disease
    • Emre M, Heckers S, Mash DC, Geula C, Mesulam M: Cholinergic innervation of the amygdaloid complex in the human brain and its alterations in old age and Alzheimer's disease. J Comp Neurol 1993; 336:117-34
    • (1993) J Comp Neurol , vol.336 , pp. 117-134
    • Emre, M.1    Heckers, S.2    Mash, D.C.3    Geula, C.4    Mesulam, M.5
  • 122
    • 0019972810 scopus 로고
    • The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction
    • Bartus RT, Dean RL, Beer B, Lippa AS: The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction. Science 1982; 217:408-17
    • (1982) Science , vol.217 , pp. 408-417
    • Bartus, R.T.1    Dean, R.L.2    Beer, B.3    Lippa, A.S.4
  • 123
    • 0027524957 scopus 로고
    • The neurotrophic hypothesis and the cholinergic basal forebrain projection
    • Lucidi-Phillipi CA, Gage FH: The neurotrophic hypothesis and the cholinergic basal forebrain projection. Prog Brain Res 1993; 98:241-9
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.98 , pp. 241-249
    • Lucidi-Phillipi, C.A.1    Gage, F.H.2
  • 124
    • 0027437722 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic systems: Human diseases, animal models, and prospects for therapy
    • Price DL, Koliatsos VE, Clatterbuck RC: Cholinergic systems: Human diseases, animal models, and prospects for therapy. Prog Brain Res 1993; 98:51-60
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.98 , pp. 51-60
    • Price, D.L.1    Koliatsos, V.E.2    Clatterbuck, R.C.3
  • 125
    • 0016513490 scopus 로고
    • Determination and characterization of the antinociceptive activity of intraventricularly administered acetylcholine in mice
    • Pedigo NW, Dewey WL, Harris LS: Determination and characterization of the antinociceptive activity of intraventricularly administered acetylcholine in mice J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1975; 193: 845-52
    • (1975) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.193 , pp. 845-852
    • Pedigo, N.W.1    Dewey, W.L.2    Harris, L.S.3
  • 126
    • 0022375989 scopus 로고
    • Antinociceptive effects of intrathecally injected cholinomimetic drugs in the rat and cat
    • Yaksh TL, Harty GJ: Antinociceptive effects of intrathecally injected cholinomimetic drugs in the rat and cat. Eur J Pharmacol 1985; 117:81-8
    • (1985) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.117 , pp. 81-88
    • Yaksh, T.L.1    Harty, G.J.2
  • 127
    • 0022405876 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic, opioid and glycine receptor binding sites localized in human spinal cord by in vitro autoradiography: Changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Gillberg P, Aquinolius S: Cholinergic, opioid and glycine receptor binding sites localized in human spinal cord by in vitro autoradiography: Changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1985; 72:299-306
    • (1985) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.72 , pp. 299-306
    • Gillberg, P.1    Aquinolius, S.2
  • 128
    • 0021210963 scopus 로고
    • Autoradiographic localization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors at various segmental levels of the human spinal cord
    • Scatton B, Dubois A, Javoy-Agid F, Camus A: Autoradiographic localization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors at various segmental levels of the human spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 1984; 49:239-45
    • (1984) Neurosci Lett , vol.49 , pp. 239-245
    • Scatton, B.1    Dubois, A.2    Javoy-Agid, F.3    Camus, A.4
  • 130
    • 0027300161 scopus 로고
    • Selective actions of volatile general anaesthetics at molecular and cellular levels
    • Franks NP, Lieb WR. Selective actions of volatile general anaesthetics at molecular and cellular levels. BrJ Anaesth 1993; 71: 65-76
    • (1993) BrJ Anaesth , vol.71 , pp. 65-76
    • Franks, N.P.1    Lieb, W.R.2
  • 131
    • 0028140369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia
    • 194
    • Franks NP, Lieb WR: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia. Nature 194; 367:607-14
    • Nature , vol.367 , pp. 607-614
    • Franks, N.P.1    Lieb, W.R.2
  • 132
    • 0001549001 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine-sensitive cells in the cerebral cortex
    • Lond
    • Krnjevic K, Phillis JW: Acetylcholine-sensitive cells in the cerebral cortex. J Physiol (Lond) 1963; 166:296-327
    • (1963) J Physiol , vol.166 , pp. 296-327
    • Krnjevic, K.1    Phillis, J.W.2
  • 133
    • 0015420353 scopus 로고
    • Similarity between effects of general anesthetics and dinitrophenol on cortical neurons
    • Catchlove RFH, Krnjevic K, Maretic H: Similarity between effects of general anesthetics and dinitrophenol on cortical neurons. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1972; 50:1111-4
    • (1972) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.50 , pp. 1111-1114
    • Catchlove, R.F.H.1    Krnjevic, K.2    Maretic, H.3
  • 134
    • 0017176475 scopus 로고
    • General anesthetics and the acetylcholine sensitivity of cortical neurones
    • Smaje JC: General anesthetics and the acetylcholine sensitivity of cortical neurones. Br J Pharmacol 1976; 58:359-66
    • (1976) Br J Pharmacol , vol.58 , pp. 359-366
    • Smaje, J.C.1
  • 135
    • 0023816511 scopus 로고
    • Diethyl ether effects on muscarinic acetylcholine receptor complexes in rat brainstem
    • Anthony BL, Dennison RL, Narayanan TK, Aronstam RS: Diethyl ether effects on muscarinic acetylcholine receptor complexes in rat brainstem. Biochem Pharmacol 1988; 37:4041-6
    • (1988) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.37 , pp. 4041-4046
    • Anthony, B.L.1    Dennison, R.L.2    Narayanan, T.K.3    Aronstam, R.S.4
  • 136
    • 0023277262 scopus 로고
    • Effects of halothane on high affinity agonist binding and guanine nucleotide sensitivity of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors from brainstem of rat
    • Dennison RL, Anthony BL, Narayanan TK, Aronstam RS: Effects of halothane on high affinity agonist binding and guanine nucleotide sensitivity of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors from brainstem of rat. Neuropharmacology 1987; 26:1201-5
    • (1987) Neuropharmacology , vol.26 , pp. 1201-1205
    • Dennison, R.L.1    Anthony, B.L.2    Narayanan, T.K.3    Aronstam, R.S.4
  • 137
    • 0024544074 scopus 로고
    • Disruption of muscarinic receptor-G protein coupling is a general property of liquid volatile anesthetics
    • Anthony BL, Dennison RL, Aronstam RS: Disruption of muscarinic receptor-G protein coupling is a general property of liquid volatile anesthetics. Neurosci Lett 1989; 99:191-6
    • (1989) Neurosci Lett , vol.99 , pp. 191-196
    • Anthony, B.L.1    Dennison, R.L.2    Aronstam, R.S.3
  • 138
    • 0024828481 scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic effects on muscarinic signal transduction
    • Aronstam RS, Dennison RL: Anesthetic effects on muscarinic signal transduction. Int Anesthesiol Clin 1989; 27:265-72
    • (1989) Int Anesthesiol Clin , vol.27 , pp. 265-272
    • Aronstam, R.S.1    Dennison, R.L.2
  • 139
    • 0027159488 scopus 로고
    • Enflurane inhibits the function of mouse and human brain phosphatidylinositol-linked acetylcholine and serotonin receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes
    • Lin LH, Leonard S, Harris A: Enflurane inhibits the function of mouse and human brain phosphatidylinositol-linked acetylcholine and serotonin receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Mol Pharmacol 1993; 43:941-8
    • (1993) Mol Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 941-948
    • Lin, L.H.1    Leonard, S.2    Harris, A.3
  • 140
    • 0028282979 scopus 로고
    • 1 G protein-linked receptors in Xenopus oocytes expressing brain mRNA: Role of protein kinase C
    • 1 G protein-linked receptors in Xenopus oocytes expressing brain mRNA: Role of protein kinase C. Mol Pharmacol 1994; 45:1004-12
    • (1994) Mol Pharmacol , vol.45 , pp. 1004-1012
    • Sanna, E.1    Dildy-Mayfield, J.E.2    Harris, R.A.3
  • 141
    • 0028814216 scopus 로고
    • Halothane inhibits signaling through m1 muscarinic receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes
    • Durieux ME: Halothane inhibits signaling through m1 muscarinic receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1995; 82:174-82
    • (1995) Anesthesiology , vol.82 , pp. 174-182
    • Durieux, M.E.1
  • 142
    • 4243519445 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of halothane and isoflurane on m1 muscarinic receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes
    • Durieux ME, Chan CK, Jeter MS: Differential effects of halothane and isoflurane on m1 muscarinic receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes (abstract). Anesth Analg 1995; S109
    • (1995) Anesth Analg
    • Durieux, M.E.1    Chan, C.K.2    Jeter, M.S.3
  • 143
    • 0025364910 scopus 로고
    • Influence of volatile anesthetics on muscarinic regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
    • Anthony BL, Dennison RL, Aronstam RS: Influence of volatile anesthetics on muscarinic regulation of adenylate cyclase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 1990; 40:376-9
    • (1990) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.40 , pp. 376-379
    • Anthony, B.L.1    Dennison, R.L.2    Aronstam, R.S.3
  • 144
    • 0023258910 scopus 로고
    • 2-and opiate effector mechanisms in the locus coeruleus: Intracellular studies in brain slices
    • 2-and opiate effector mechanisms in the locus coeruleus: Intracellular studies in brain slices. Neuropharmacology 1987; 26:793-9
    • (1987) Neuropharmacology , vol.26 , pp. 793-799
    • Aghajanian, G.K.1    Wang, Y.2
  • 145
    • 0025760826 scopus 로고
    • Central cholinergic depression reduces MAC for isoflurane in rats
    • Zucker J: Central cholinergic depression reduces MAC for isoflurane in rats. Anesth Analg 1991; 72:790-5
    • (1991) Anesth Analg , vol.72 , pp. 790-795
    • Zucker, J.1
  • 146
    • 0028263227 scopus 로고
    • Halothanc decreases pontine acetylcholine release and increases EEG spindles
    • Keifer JC, Baghdoyan HA, Becker L, Lydic R: Halothanc decreases pontine acetylcholine release and increases EEG spindles. Neuroreport 1994; 5:577-80
    • (1994) Neuroreport , vol.5 , pp. 577-580
    • Keifer, J.C.1    Baghdoyan, H.A.2    Becker, L.3    Lydic, R.4
  • 147
    • 0026320335 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine release from the midbrain interpeduncular nucleus during anesthesia
    • Taguchi K, Andresen MJ, Hentall ID: Acetylcholine release from the midbrain interpeduncular nucleus during anesthesia. Neuroreport 1991; 2:789-92
    • (1991) Neuroreport , vol.2 , pp. 789-792
    • Taguchi, K.1    Andresen, M.J.2    Hentall, I.D.3
  • 148
    • 0029035879 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition by ketaminc of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor function
    • Durieux ME: Inhibition by ketaminc of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor function. Anesth Analg 1995; 81:57-62
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.81 , pp. 57-62
    • Durieux, M.E.1
  • 149
    • 0029117780 scopus 로고
    • Frequency-dependent effects of propofol on atrioventricular nodal conduction in guinea pig isolated heart
    • Alphin RS. MartensJR, Dennis DM: Frequency-dependent effects of propofol on atrioventricular nodal conduction in guinea pig isolated heart. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1995; 83:382-94
    • (1995) Anesthesiology , vol.83 , pp. 382-394
    • Alphin, R.S.1    Martens, J.R.2    Dennis, D.M.3
  • 150
    • 0023778376 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind comparison of transdermal scopolamine, droperidol and placebo against postoperative nausea and vomiting
    • Tigerstedt I, Salmela L, Aromaa U: Double-blind comparison of transdermal scopolamine, droperidol and placebo against postoperative nausea and vomiting. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1988; 32: 454-7
    • (1988) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.32 , pp. 454-457
    • Tigerstedt, I.1    Salmela, L.2    Aromaa, U.3
  • 151
    • 0025765255 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of azabicyclic pyrazine derivatives as muscarinic agonists and the preparation of a chloropyrazine analogue with functional selectivity at sub-types of the muscarinic receptor
    • Baker R, Street LJ, Reeve AJ, Saunders J: Synthesis of azabicyclic pyrazine derivatives as muscarinic agonists and the preparation of a chloropyrazine analogue with functional selectivity at sub-types of the muscarinic receptor. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1991; 760-2
    • (1991) J Chem Soc Chem Commun , pp. 760-762
    • Baker, R.1    Street, L.J.2    Reeve, A.J.3    Saunders, J.4
  • 153
    • 0027496787 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine receptors: Drugs and molecular genetics
    • Ladinsky H: Acetylcholine receptors: Drugs and molecular genetics. Prog Brain Res 1993; 98:103-11
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.98 , pp. 103-111
    • Ladinsky, H.1
  • 154
    • 0014089378 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of scopolamine-induced delirium with physostigmine
    • Crowell EB, Ketchum JS: The treatment of scopolamine-induced delirium with physostigmine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1967; 8: 409-14
    • (1967) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.8 , pp. 409-414
    • Crowell, E.B.1    Ketchum, J.S.2
  • 155
    • 0016156965 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of delirium induced by tricyclic antidepressant drugs with physostigmine
    • Heiser JF, Wilbert DE: Reversal of delirium induced by tricyclic antidepressant drugs with physostigmine. Am J Psychol 1974; 131:1275-7
    • (1974) Am J Psychol , vol.131 , pp. 1275-1277
    • Heiser, J.F.1    Wilbert, D.E.2
  • 156
    • 0018647117 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of diazepam-induced postanesthetic somnolence with physostigmine
    • Bidwai AV, Stanley TH, Rogers C, Riet EK: Reversal of diazepam-induced postanesthetic somnolence with physostigmine. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1979; 51:256-9
    • (1979) Anesthesiology , vol.51 , pp. 256-259
    • Bidwai, A.V.1    Stanley, T.H.2    Rogers, C.3    Riet, E.K.4
  • 157
    • 0017282639 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of Innovarinduced somnolence and disorientation with physostigmine
    • Bidwai AV, Cornelius LR, Stanley TH: Reversal of Innovarinduced somnolence and disorientation with physostigmine. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1976; 44:249-52
    • (1976) Anesthesiology , vol.44 , pp. 249-252
    • Bidwai, A.V.1    Cornelius, L.R.2    Stanley, T.H.3
  • 158
    • 0027515387 scopus 로고
    • Structure and functions of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase
    • Massoulié J, Sussman J, Bon S, Silman I: Structure and functions of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Prog Brain Res 1993; 98:139-46
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.98 , pp. 139-146
    • Massoulié, J.1    Sussman, J.2    Bon, S.3    Silman, I.4
  • 159
    • 0024445215 scopus 로고
    • Antinociceptive effect of spinal cholinergic stimulation: Interaction with substance P
    • Smith MD, Yang X, Nha J, Buccafusco JJ: Antinociceptive effect of spinal cholinergic stimulation: Interaction with substance P. Life Sci 1989; 45:1255-61
    • (1989) Life Sci , vol.45 , pp. 1255-1261
    • Smith, M.D.1    Yang, X.2    Nha, J.3    Buccafusco, J.J.4
  • 161
    • 0025812344 scopus 로고
    • Tonic cholinergic inhibition of spinal mechanical transmission
    • Zhuo M, Gebhart GF. Tonic cholinergic inhibition of spinal mechanical transmission. Pain 1991; 46:211-22
    • (1991) Pain , vol.46 , pp. 211-222
    • Zhuo, M.1    Gebhart, G.F.2
  • 162
    • 0028335922 scopus 로고
    • Synergistic antinociceptive interactions among drugs administered to the spinal cord
    • Solomon RE, Gebhart GF: Synergistic antinociceptive interactions among drugs administered to the spinal cord. Anesth Analg 1994; 78:1164-72
    • (1994) Anesth Analg , vol.78 , pp. 1164-1172
    • Solomon, R.E.1    Gebhart, G.F.2
  • 163
    • 0029098430 scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors produce analgesia that is synergistic with morphine and clonidine in rats
    • Abram SE, Winne RP: Intrathecal acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors produce analgesia that is synergistic with morphine and clonidine in rats. Anesth Analg 1995; 81:501-7
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.81 , pp. 501-507
    • Abram, S.E.1    Winne, R.P.2
  • 164
    • 0027474727 scopus 로고
    • Neostigmine counteracts spinal clonidine-induced hypotension in sheep
    • Williams JS, Tong C, Eisenach JC: Neostigmine counteracts spinal clonidine-induced hypotension in sheep. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1993; 78:301-7
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.78 , pp. 301-307
    • Williams, J.S.1    Tong, C.2    Eisenach, J.C.3
  • 165
    • 0028794586 scopus 로고
    • Phase I safety assessment of intrathecal neostigmine methylsulfate in humans
    • Hood DD, Eisenach JC, Tuttle R: Phase I safety assessment of intrathecal neostigmine methylsulfate in humans. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1995; 82:331-43
    • (1995) Anesthesiology , vol.82 , pp. 331-343
    • Hood, D.D.1    Eisenach, J.C.2    Tuttle, R.3
  • 166
    • 0028833744 scopus 로고
    • Spinally administered neostigmine - Something to celebrate
    • Collins JG: Spinally administered neostigmine - something to celebrate. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1995; 82:327-8
    • (1995) Anesthesiology , vol.82 , pp. 327-328
    • Collins, J.G.1
  • 167
    • 0027297787 scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of R(-)-1-(benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl)-2-[2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol hydrochloride (T-588), a novel cerebral activator, against experimental cerebral anoxia
    • Ono S, Kitamura K, Maekawa M, Hirata K, Ano M, Ukai W, Yamafuji T, Narita H: Protective effect of R(-)-1-(benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl)-2-[2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol hydrochloride (T-588), a novel cerebral activator, against experimental cerebral anoxia. Jpn J Pharmacol 1993; 62:81-6
    • (1993) Jpn J Pharmacol , vol.62 , pp. 81-86
    • Ono, S.1    Kitamura, K.2    Maekawa, M.3    Hirata, K.4    Ano, M.5    Ukai, W.6    Yamafuji, T.7    Narita, H.8
  • 168
    • 0027431526 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ENA-713 on ischemia-induced changes in acetylcholine and aromatic amine levels in the gerbil brain
    • Tanaka K, Ogawa N, Asanuma M, Hirata H, Kondo Y, Nakayama N, Mori A: Effects of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ENA-713 on ischemia-induced changes in acetylcholine and aromatic amine levels in the gerbil brain. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1993; 323: 85-96
    • (1993) Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther , vol.323 , pp. 85-96
    • Tanaka, K.1    Ogawa, N.2    Asanuma, M.3    Hirata, H.4    Kondo, Y.5    Nakayama, N.6    Mori, A.7
  • 169
    • 0028123347 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ENA-713 protects against ischemia-induced decrease in pre- and postsynaptic cholinergic indices in the gerbil brain following transient ischemia
    • Tanaka K, Ogawa N, Mizukawa K, Asanuma M, Kondo Y, Nishibayashi S, Mori A: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ENA-713 protects against ischemia-induced decrease in pre- and postsynaptic cholinergic indices in the gerbil brain following transient ischemia. Neurochem Res 1994; 19:117-22
    • (1994) Neurochem Res , vol.19 , pp. 117-122
    • Tanaka, K.1    Ogawa, N.2    Mizukawa, K.3    Asanuma, M.4    Kondo, Y.5    Nishibayashi, S.6    Mori, A.7
  • 170
    • 0027177727 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic stimulation with physostigmine worsens outcome from incomplete brain ischemia in rats
    • Schultz JA, Hoffman WE, Albrecht RF: Sympathetic stimulation with physostigmine worsens outcome from incomplete brain ischemia in rats. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1993; 79:114-21
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.79 , pp. 114-121
    • Schultz, J.A.1    Hoffman, W.E.2    Albrecht, R.F.3
  • 171
    • 0027361361 scopus 로고
    • Advances and limitations of the molecular neuroanatomy of cholinergic receptors: The example of multiple muscarinic receptors
    • Vilaró MT, Mengod G, Palacios JM: Advances and limitations of the molecular neuroanatomy of cholinergic receptors: The example of multiple muscarinic receptors. Prog Brain Res 1993; 98:95-101
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.98 , pp. 95-101
    • Vilaró, M.T.1    Mengod, G.2    Palacios, J.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.