Human replication proteins hCdc21, hCdc46 and P1Mcm3 bind chromatin uniformly before S-phase and are displaced locally during DNA replication

Journal of Cell Science

Volumn 109, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 309-318

  Krude, Torsten ^a,b   Musahl, Christine ^c   Laskey, Ronald A ^a,b   Knippers, Rolf ^c  

^a WELLCOME CRC INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KONSTANZ   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cell division cycle; HCdc21; HCdc46; Licensing factor; Mcm protein; P1Mcm3; Replication focus; S phase

Indexed keywords

CYCLINE; DNA; NUCLEAR PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; CELL CYCLE G1 PHASE; CELL CYCLE S PHASE; CELL DIVISION; CELL NUCLEUS; CHROMATIN; DNA REPLICATION; HELA CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; INTERPHASE; MICROSCOPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION;

ANIMALS; CELL CYCLE PROTEINS; CELL NUCLEUS; CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION; CHROMATIN; DNA REPLICATION; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; HELA CELLS; HUMANS; INTERPHASE; NUCLEAR PROTEINS; RABBITS; S PHASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; XENOPUS PROTEINS;

EID: 0030043371     PISSN: 00219533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Adachi, Y. and Laemmli, U. K. (1992). Identification of nuclear prereplication centers poised for DNA synthesis in Xenopus egg extracts: immunolocalization study of replication protein A. J. Cell Biol. 119, 1-15.
2. Adachi, Y. and Laemmli, U. K. (1994). Study of the cell cycle-dependent assembly of the DNA pre-replication centres in Xenopus egg extracts. EMBO J. 13, 4153-4164.
3. Blow, J. J. and Laskey, R. A. (1986). Initiation of DNA replication in nuclei and purified DNA by a cell-free extract of Xenopus eggs. Cell 47, 577-587.
4. Blow, J. J. and Laskey, R. A. (1988). A role for the nuclear envelope in controlling DNA replication within the cell cycle. Nature 332, 546-548.
5. Bravo, R. and Macdonald-Bravo, H. (1987). Existence of two populations of cyclin/proliferating cell nuclear antigen during the cell cycle: association with DNA replication sites. J Cell Biol. 105, 1549-1554.
6. Burkhart, R., Schulte, D., Hu, B., Musahl, C., Göhring, F. and Knippers, R. (1995). Interactions of human proteins P1Mcm3 and P1Cdc46. Eur. J. Biochem. 228, 431-438.
7. Cardoso, M. C., Leonhardt, M. and Nadal-Ginard, B. (1993). Reversal of terminal differentiation and control of DNA replication: Cyclin A and Cdk2 specifically localize at subnuclear sites of DNA replication. Cell 74, 979-992.
8. Chen, Y., Hennessy, K. M., Botstein, D. and Tye, B.-K. (1992). CDC46/MCM5, a yeast protein whose subcellular localization is cell cycle-regulated, is involved in DNA replication at autonomously replicating sequences. Proc. Nat Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10459-10463.
9. Chong, J. P. J., Mahbubani, H. M., Khoo, C.-Y. and Blow, J. J. (1995). Purification of an Mcm-containing complex as a component of the DNA replication licencing factor Nature 375, 418-421.
10. Cox, L. A. and Laskey, R. A. (1991). DNA replication occurs at discrete sites in pseudonuclei assembled from purified DNA in vitro. Cell 66, 271-275.
11. + belongs to a family of proteins involved in an early step of chromosome replication. Nucl Acids Res. 20, 5571-5577.
12. Fox, M. H., Arndt-Jovin, D. J., Jovin, T. M., Baumann, P. H. and Robert-Nicoud, M. (1991). Spatial and temporal distribution of DNA replication sites localized by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy in mouse fibroblasts. J. Cell Sci. 99, 247-253.
13. Hand, R. (1978). Eucaryotic DNA. Organization of the genome for replication. Cell 15, 317-325.
14. Harlow, E. and Lane, D. (1988). Antibodies. A Laboratory Handbook. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
15. Hassan, A. B. and Cook, P. R. (1993). Visualisation of replication sites in unfixed human cells. J. Cell Sci. 105, 541-559.
16. Heintz, N. H. and Stillman, B. W. (1989). Nuclear DNA synthesis in vitro is mediated via stable replication forks assembled in a temporally specific fashion in vivo. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 1923-1931.
17. Hennessy, K. M., Clark, C. and Botstein, D. (1990). Subcellular localization of yeast CDC46 varies with the cell cycle. Genes Dev. 4, 2252-2263.
18. Hennessy, K. M., Lee, A., Chen, E. and Botstein, D. (1991). A group of interacting yeast DNA replication genes. Genes Dev. 5, 958-969.
19. Hozák, P., Hassan, A. B., Jackson, D. A. and Cook, P. R. (1993). Visualization of replication factories attached to a nucleoskeleton. Cell 73, 361-373.
20. Hozák, P., Jackson, D. A. and Cook, P. R. (1994). Replication factories and nuclear bodies, the ultrastructural characterization of replication sites during the cell cycle. J. Cell Sci. 107, 2191-2202.
21. Hu, B., Burkhart, R., Schulte, D., Musahl, C. and Knippers, R. (1993). The P1 family, a new class of nuclear mammalian proteins related to the yeast Mcm replication proteins Nucl Acids Res. 21, 5289-5293.
22. Hutchison, C. and Kill, I. (1989). Changes in the nuclear distribution of DNA polymerase alpha and PCNA/cyclin during the progress of the cell cycle, in a cell-free extract of Xenopus eggs J. Cell Sci. 93, 605-613.
23. Johnson, R. T., Downes, C. S and Meyn, R. E. (1993). The synchronization of mammalian cells In The Cell Cycle. A Practical Approach (ed. P. Fantes and R. Brooks), pp. 1-24. IRL Press at Oxford University Press, Oxford.
24. Kill, I. R., Bridger, J. M., Campbell, K. H. S., Maldona-Codina, G. and Hutchison, C. J. (1991). The timing of the formation and usage of replicase clusters in S-phase nuclei of human diploid fibroblasts. J. Cell Sci. 100, 869-876.
25. Kimura, H., Nozaki, N. and Sugimoto, K. (1994). DNA polymerase α associated protein P1, a murine homolog of yeast MCM3, changes its intranuclear distribution during the DNA synthetic period. EMBO J. 13, 4311-4320.
26. Krude, T. (1995). Chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) co-localizes with replication foci in HeLa cell nuclei. Exp. Cell Res. 220, 304-311.
27. Kubota, Y., Mimura, S., Nishimoto, S., Takisawa, H. and Nojima, H. (1995). Identification of the yeast MCM3 related protein as a component of Xenopus DNA replication licensing factor. Cell 81, 601-609.
28. Laskey, R. A., Harland, R. M., Earnshaw, W. C. and Dingwall, C. (1981). Chromatin assembly and the co-ordination of DNA replication in the eukaryotic chromosome. In International Cell Biology 1980-1981 (ed. H. G. Schweiger), pp. 162-167. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
29. 1 nuclei in Xenopus egg extract. Cell 69, 151-158.
30. Leonhardt, H., Page, A. W., Weier, H.-U. and Bestor, T. H. (1992). A targeting sequence directs DNA methyltransferase to sites of DNA replication in mammalian nuclei. Cell 71, 865-873.
31. Li, J. J. and Kelly, T. J. (1984). Simian Virus 40 replication in vitro. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 6973-6977.
32. Madine, M. A., Khoo, C.-Y., Mills, A. D. and Laskey, R. A. (1995a). An MCM3 complex is required for cell cycle regulation of DNA replication in vertebrate cells Nature 375, 421-424.
33. Madine, M. A., Khoo, C.-Y., Mills, A. D., Musahl, C. and Laskey, R. A. (1995b). The nuclear envelope prevents reinitiation of replication by regulating MCM3 binding to chromatin in Xenopus egg extracts. Curr Biol. (in press).
34. Mills, A. D., Blow, J. J., White, J. G., Amos, W. B., Wilcock, D. and Laskey, R. A. (1989). Replication occurs at discrete foci spaced throughout nuclei replicating in vitro. J. Cell Sci. 94, 471-477.
35. Musahl, C., Schulte, D., Burkhart, R. and Knippers, R. (1995). A human homologue of the yeast replication protein Cdc21: Interactions with other Mcm proteins. Eur. J. Biochem. 230, 1096-1101.
36. Nakamura, H., Morita, T. and Sato, C. (1986). Structural organization of replicon domains during DNA synthetic phase in the mammalian nucleus. Exp. Cell Res. 165, 291-297.
37. Nakayasu, H. and Berezney, R. (1989). Mapping replicational sites in the eucaryotic cell nucleus. J. Cell Biol. 108, 1-11.
38. O'Keefe, R. T., Henderson, S. C. and Spector, D. L. (1992). Dynamic organization of replication in mammalian cell nuclei: spatially and temporally defined replication of chromosome-specific α-satellite sequences. J. Cell Biol. 116, 1095-1110
39. Rao, P. N. and Johnson, R. T. (1970). Mammalian cell fusion: Studies on the regulation of DNA synthesis and mitosis. Nature 225, 159-164.
40. Schulte, D., Burkhart, R., Musahl, C., Hu, B., Schlatterer, C., Hameister, H. and Knippers, R. (1995). Expression, phosphorylation and nuclear localization of the human P1 protein, a homologue of the yeast Mcm3 replication protein. J. Cell Sci. 108, 1381-1389.
41. Starborg, M., Brundell, E., Gell, K., Larsson, C., White, I., Daneholt, B. and Höog, C. (1995). A murine replication protein accumulates temporarily in the heterochromatic regions of nuclei prior to initiation of DNA replication. J. Cell Sci. 108, 927-934.
42. Su, T. T., Follette, P. J and O'Farrell, P. H. (1995). Qualifying for the license to replicate. Cell 81, 825-828.
43. Thömmes, P., Fett, R., Schray, B., Burkhart, R., Barnes, M., Kennedy, C., Brown, N. C. and Knippers, R. (1992). Properties of the nuclear P1 protein, a mammalian homologue of the yeast Mcm3 replication protein. Nucl. Acids Res. 20, 1069-1074.
44. Todorov, I. T., Pepperkok, R., Philipova, R. N., Kearsey, S. E., Ansorge, W. and Werner, D. (1994). A human nuclear protein with sequence homology to a family of early S phase proteins is required for entry into S-phase and for cell division. J. Cell Sci. 107, 253-265.
45. Todorov, I. T., Attaran, A. and Kearsey, S. E. (1995). BM28, a human member of the MCM2-3-5 family, is displaced from chromatin during DNA replication. J. Cell Biol. 129, 1433-1445.
46. Towbin, H. M., Staehelin, T. and Gordon, J. (1979). Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4350-4354.
47. Tye, B.-K. (1994). The MCM2-3-5 proteins: are they replication licensing factors? Trends Cell Biol. 4, 160-166.
48. van Dierendonck, K. H., Keyzer, R., van de Velde, C. J. H. and Cornelisse, C. J. (1989). Subdivision of S-phase by analysis of nuclear 5-bromodesoxyundine staining patterns. Cytometry 10, 143-150.
49. Yan, H., Gibson, S. and Tye, B.-K. (1991). Mcm2 and Mcm3, two proteins important for ars-activity, are related in structure and function. Genes Dev. 5, 944-957.
50. Yan, H., Merchant, A. M. and Tye, B.-K. (1993). Cell cycle-regulated nuclear localization of Mcm2 and Mcm3, which are required for the initiation of DNA synthesis at chromosomal replication origins in yeast. Genes Dev. 7, 2149-2160.