Change and secular trends in physical activity patterns in young adults: A seven-year longitudinal follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (CARDIA)

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 143, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 351-362

  Anderssen, Norman ^a   Jacobs Jr , David R ^b   Sidney, Stephen ^c   Bild, Diane E ^d   Sternfeld, Barbara ^c   Slattery, Martha L ^e   Hannan, Peter ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c DIVISION OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^d NATIONAL HEART LUNG AND BLOOD INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

exercise; longitudinal studies; racial stocks

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CORONARY RISK; EDUCATION PROGRAM; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; SCORING SYSTEM; SELF REPORT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0030043228     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008749     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Haskell WL. Overview: health benefits of exercise. In: Matarazzo JD, Weiss SM, Herd JA, et al., eds. A handbook of health enhancement and disease prevention. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1984:409-23.
2. Leon AS, Connett J, Jacobs DR, et al. Leisure-time physical activity levels and risk of coronary heart disease and death. JAMA 1987;258:2388-95.
3. Oberman A. Exercise and the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 1985;55:10D-20D.
4. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Wing AL. Hyde RT. Physical activity as an index of heart attack risk in college alumni. Am J Epidemiol 1978;108:161-75.
5. Berlin JA, Colditz GA. A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol 1990;132:612-28.
6. Powell KE, Thompson PD, Caspersen CJ, et al. Physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease. Annu Rev Public Health 1987;8:253-87.
7. Slattery ML, Jacobs DR Jr. Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease mortality. The US Railroad Study. Am J Epidemiol 1988;127:571-80.
8. Blair SN, Kohl HW, Paffenbarger RS, et al. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. JAMA 1989:262:2395-401.
9. Haskell WL. Physical activity and health: need to define the required stimulus. Am J Cardiol 1985;55:4D-9D.
10. Koplan JP, Caspersen CJ, Powell KE. Physical activity, physical fitness, and health: time to act. (Editorial). JAMA 1989; 262:2437.
11. Perry C. Stone EJ, Parcel GS, et al. School-based cardiovascular health promotion: the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH). J Sch Health 1990;60: 406-13.
12. Dennison BA, Straus JH, Mellits ED, et al. Childhood physical fitness tests: predictors of adult physical activity levels? Pediatrics 1988;82:324-30.
13. Dishman RK. Supervised and free-living physical activity: no differences in former athletes and nonathletes. Am J Prev Med 1988;4:153-60.
14. Sallis JF, Hovell MF, Hofstetter CR. et al. A multivariate study of determinants of vigorous exercise in a community sample. Prev Med 1989;18:20-34.
15. Blair SN, Clark DG, Cureton KJ, et al. Exercise and fitness in childhood: implications for a lifetime of health. In: Gisolfi CV, Lamb DR, eds. Perspectives in exercise science and sports medicine. Vol 2. Indianapolis: Benchmark Press, 1989: 401-30.
16. Dishman RK, Dunn AL. Exercise adherence in children and youth: implications for adulthood. In: Dishman RK, ed. Exercise adherence. Its impact on public health. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics Books, 1988:155-200.
17. Powell KE, Dysinger W. Childhood participation in organized school sports and physical education as precursors of adult physical activity. Am J Prev Med 1987;3:276-81.
18. Sallis JF, McKenzie TL. Physical education's role in public health. Res Q Exerc Sport 1991;62:124-37.
19. Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Hunter SM, et al. Risk factors in early life as predictors of adult heart disease: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Med Sci 1989;298:141-51.
20. Dishman RK, Sallis JF, Orenstein DR. The determinants of physical activity and exercise. Public Health Rep 1985;100: 158-71.
21. Baranowski T, Bouchard C, Bar-Or O, et al. Assessment, prevalence, and cardiovascular benefits of physical activity and fitness in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992;24(6 suppl): S237-47.
22. Stephens T, Jacobs DR, White CC. A descriptive epidemiology of leisure-time physical activity. Public Health Rep 1985; 100:147-58.
23. Ainsworth BE, Richardson MT, Jacobs DR, et al. Gender differences in self-reported physical activity. Women Sports Phys Activ 1993;2:11-16.
24. Bild D, Jacobs DR, Sidney S, et al. Physical activity in young black and white women: the CARDIA Study. Ann Epidemiol 1993;3:636-44.
25. Dølvik JE, Danielsen Ø, Hernes G. Kluss I vekslinga. Fritid, idrett og organisering. (In Norwegian). 2nd ed. Oslo: Fagbevegelsens Senter for Forsknins, Utredning og Dokumentasjon, 1988.
26. Engström LM. Exercise adherence in sport for all from youth to adulthood. Presented at the World Congress on Sport for All, Tampere, Finland, June 3-7, 1990.
27. Jacobs DR, Hahn LP, Folsom AR, et al. Time trends in leisure-time physical activity in the upper Midwest 1957-1987: University of Minnesota Studies. Epidemiology 1991;2:8-15.
28. Jacobs DR, Sprafka JM, Hannan PJ. et al. Mortality and risk factor trends in Minnesota: Minnesota Heart Studies. In: Keys A, Toshima H, Blackburn H, eds. Lessons for science from the Seven Countries Study. Tokyo: Springer Verlag, 1994: 145-61.
29. Hughes GH, Cutter G, Donahue R, et al. Recruitment in the Coronary Artery Disease Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Control Clin Trials 1987;8:68S-73S.
30. Friedman GD, Cutter GR, Donahue RP, et al. CARDIA: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects. J Clin Epidemiol 1988;41:1105-16.
31. Sidney S, Jacobs DR Jr, Haskell WL, et al. Comparison of two methods of assessing physical activity in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133:1231-45.
32. Jacobs DR, Hahn LP, Haskell WL, et al. Validity and reliability of a short physical activity history: CARDIA and the Minnesota Heart Health Proaram. J Cardiopulmon Rehabil 1989;9:448-59.
33. American College of Sports Medicine. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990;22:265-74.
34. Jacobs DR, Ainsworth BE, Hartman TJ, et al. A simultaneous evaluation of ten commonly used physical activity questionnaires. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993;25:81-91.
35. SAS Institute, Inc. SAS/STAT software: changes and enhancements. Release 6.07. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc, 1992. (SAS technical report P-229).
36. Butcher J. Longitudinal analysis of adolescent girls' participation in physical activity. Soc Sport J 1985;2:130-43.
37. Kelder SH, Perry CL, Klepp KI, et al. Longitudinal tracking of adolescent smoking, physical activity, and food choice behaviors. Am J Public Health 1994;84:1121-6.
38. Raitakari OT, Porkka KVK, Taimela S, et al. Effects of persistent physical activity and inactivity on coronary risk factors in children and young adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:195-205.
39. Perry CL, Kelder SH, Klepp KI. The rationale behind early prevention of cardiovascular disease in young people. Eur J Public Health 1994;4:156-62.
40. Luepker RV, Rosamond WD, Murphy R, et al. Socioeconomic status and coronary heart disease risk factor trends. The Minnesota Heart Survey. Circulation 1993:88(5 Pt 1):2172-9.
41. Lewis CE, Smith DE, Williams OD, et al. Seven year trends in weight and weight gain in black and white young adults: the CARDIA Study. (Abstract). Circulation 1994;89:8.
42. Folsom AR, Cook TC, Sprafka JM, et al. Differences in leisure time physical activity levels between blacks and whites in population-based samples: the Minnesota Heart Survey. J Behav Med 1991;14:1-9.
43. Sprafka JM, Burke GL, Folsom AR, et al. Continued decline in cardiovascular disease risk factors: results of the Minnesota Heart Survey, 1980-1982 and 1985-1987. Am J Epidemiol 1990;132:489-500.
44. Regal KM, Harlan WR, Landis JR. Secular trends in body mass index and skinfold thickness with socioeconomic factors in young adult men. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:544-51.
45. Flegal KM, Harlan WR, Landis JR. Secular trends in body mass index and skinfold thickness with socioeconomic factors in young adult women. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:535-43.
46. Washburn RA, Kline G, Lackland DT, et al. Leisure time physical activity: Are there black/white differences? Prev Med 1992;21:127-35.
47. Gottlieb NH, Chen MS. Sociocultural correlates of childhood sporting activities: their implications for heart health Soc Sci Med 1985;21:533-9.
48. Schoenborn CA, Health habits of US adults. 1985: the "Alameda 7" revisited. Public Health Rep 1986.101 571-80.
49. Blair SN, Haskell WL, Ho P, et al. Assessment of habitual physical activity by a seven-day recall in a community survey and controlled experiments. Am J Epidemiol 1985;122: 794-804
50. Sallis J. Self-report measures of children's physical activity. J Sch Health 1991;61:215-19
51. Klesges RC, Eck LH, Mellon MW, et al. The accuracy of self-reports of physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990; 22 690-7.